2/25/2019. Taking the northern and southern hemispheres together, on average the world s population lives 24 degrees from the equator.

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1 Where is the world s population? Roughly 88 percent of the world s population lives in the Northern Hemisphere, with about half north of 27 degrees north Taking the northern and southern hemispheres together, on average the world s population lives 24 degrees from the equator Bill Rankin CIA Factbook (2001) 1

2 Global Population Currently estimated to be 6,870,100,000 The highest growth rate observed was during the 1950s, 60s and 70s, peaking in 1963 at 2.2% US Census Bureau Projections show a steady decline in population growth rate UN projections show a rise in growth rate US Census Bureau Total Global Population United Nations Developing vs. Developed The World s most Populated City Regions Rank Metropolitan area Country Population 1 Tokyo Japan 32,450,000 2 Seoul South Korea 20,550,000 3 Mexico City Mexico 20,450,000 4 New York City United States 19,750,000 5 Mumbai India 19,200,000 6 Jakarta Indonesia 18,900,000 7 São Paulo Brazil 18,850,000 8 Delhi India 18,600,000 9 Osaka Kobe Kyoto Japan 17,375, Shanghai People's Republic of China 16,650,000 2

3 Trends in population growth in Developing World The world s human population has increased nearly fourfold in the past 100 years Each day 200,000 more people are added to the world food demand It is projected to increase from 6.7 billion (2006) to 9.2 billion by 2050 It took only 12 years for the last billion to be added, a net increase of nearly 230,000 new people each day, who will need housing, food and other natural resources The largest population increase is projected to occur in Asia, particularly in China, India and Southeast Asia, accounting for about 60% and more of the world s population by 2050 The rate of population growth, however, is still relatively high in Central America, and highest in Central and part of Western Africa. In relative numbers, Africa will experience the most rapid growth, over 70% faster than in Asia In sub Saharan Africa, the population is projected to increase from about 770 million to nearly 1.7 billion by 2050 UN population Division, 2007 What is the cause of such population growth in Developing World? Intensified globalization Resulting in rapid urban industrial capitalism Clustering of producers and consumers results in urban agglomeration economies This process leads to greater productivity and technological innovation Thus, resulting in a snowball effect that stimulates urban industrial expansion While there are many positives, the negatives spill over creating societal challenges and environmental consequences 3

4 The Old Model: Core Semi periphery Periphery The New Model?: Cities as Nodes in a Global Network Bullets: the world according to GaWC 4

5 Some definitions Urban? How do we define urban? Not rural? Population density? US Census (2000) says: core census block groups or blocks that have a population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile, and surrounding census blocks that have an overall density of at least 500 people per square mile Hinterland The area surrounding a city that is influenced by said city more than any other city Megalopolis A Greek word (combining the terms for great and city), first used in 1964 to describe the discontinuous urban complex of the north eastern seaboard of the USA Population Density Population Density is the number of people living per geographic unit (i.e., per square mile or per square kilometer) Examples: Urbanized Areas of the USA 5

6 Urban Areas For the 2010 census, the Census Bureau redefined the classification of urban areas to "a densely settled core of census tracts and/or census blocks that meet minimum population density requirements, along with adjacent territory containing non residential urban land uses as well as territory with low population density included to link outlying densely settled territory with the densely settled core. To qualify as an urban area, the territory identified according to criteria must encompass at least 2,500 people, at least 1,500 of which reside outside institutional group quarters." Urban Areas of the United States of America[1] Rank Name [Note 1] Population (2010 Census) Land Area (km²) Land Area (sq mi) Density (Population / km²) Density (Population / sq mi) 1 New York Newark, NY NJ CT 18,351,295 8, , , , Los Angeles Long Beach Anaheim, CA 12,150,996 4, , , , Chicago, IL IN 8,608,208 6, , , , Miami, FL 5,502,379 3, , , , Philadelphia, PA NJ DE MD 5,441,567 5, , , , Dallas Fort Worth Arlington, TX 5,121,892 4, , , , Houston, TX 4,944,332 4, , , , Washington, DC VA MD 4,586,770 3, , , , Atlanta, GA 4,515,419 6, , , Boston, MA NH RI 4,181,019 4, , , Detroit, MI 3,734,090 3, , , , Phoenix Mesa, AZ 3,629,114 2, , , , San Francisco Oakland, CA 3,281,212 1, , , Seattle, WA 3,059,393 2, , , , San Diego, CA 2,956,746 1, , , Minneapolis St. Paul, MN WI 2,650,890 2, , , , Tampa St. Petersburg, FL 2,441,770 2, , Denver Aurora, CO 2,374,203 1, , , Baltimore, MD 2,203,663 1, , , St. Louis, MO IL 2,150,706 2, , Pittsburgh, PA 1,733,853 2, ,

7 The least dense urban areas with more than 2.5 million population are all in the United States. The least dense is Atlanta, with 1800 people per square mile or 700 per square kilometer. The second least dense is, perhaps surprisingly, Boston, despite its reputation for high density. Boston's population density is 2200 per square mile or 800 per square kilometer. Also, perhaps surprisingly, Philadelphia is the least dense urban area in the world with more than 5 million population, while Chicago is the least dense urban area of more than 7.5 million. Global Population Densities 7

8 Population Pyramids A population pyramid is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population also called age sex pyramid It typically represents a country or region of the world, and normally forms the shape of a pyramid Males Three general kinds of Population Pyramids 1. Stationary 2. Expansive 3. Constrictive Females 8

9 Expansive Pyramid A steady upwards narrowing shows that more people die at each higher age band This type of pyramid indicates a population in which there is a: high birth rate high death rate short life expectancy This is the pattern of a economically developing country 9

10 Stationary Pyramid A population pyramid showing an unchanging pattern of fertility and mortality Constrictive Pyramid A population pyramid showing lower numbers or percentages of younger people The country will have a graying population which means that people are generally older 10

11 Changes in Population Japan Normal US City Marion Co. IL 11

12 College Town Gainsville, FL Aging City Sarasota, FL 12

13 Population Pyramid USA (2000) Population Pyramid USA (2012) 13

14 Population Pyramid Japan 14

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