Chapter 1. Social Studies History and Geography

Transcription

1 Chapter 1 Social Studies History and Geography

2 Unit 01 Geography Skills 1 Reading Maps Key Words border landform rely on display focus on route locater 1 There are many different kinds of maps. A political map shows where cities, states, and countries are located. Political maps use lines to show territorial borders, such as state and country borders. A physical map shows landforms and bodies of water. Landforms are different types of land on the Earth s surface. Bodies of water include oceans, rivers, and lakes. These maps rely on colors to display different geographical features. For instance, water is blue, mountains are brown, and forests are green. These maps are also called landform maps. A historical map is a map that shows information about past events and where they occurred. Historical maps often have dates in their titles. A road map and a transportation map focus on roads and streets. They show important buildings and transportation routes such as airports, railroads, and highways. Sometimes, you can see a small map set onto the main map. We call it a locator or locator map. It shows where the area of the main map is located. Different Kinds of Maps 8 political map physical map (= landform map) road map locator map (= locator)

3 Main Idea and Details 1 What is the main idea of the passage? a. Political maps are very useful. b. There are many kinds of maps. c. Physical maps show different landforms. 2 A is a small map that is set onto the main map. a. locater b. transportation route c. landform 3 What color are mountains on a physical map? a. Green. b. Brown. c. Blue. 4 What does display mean? a. focus b. show c. locate 5 Complete the sentences. a. Lines on political maps may show the between countries. b. A map may have dates in its title. c. Airports, railroads, and may appear on a road map. 6 Complete the outline. Political Map Shows where cities, states, and countries are located Uses a to show borders Maps Physical Map Historical Map Road Map Locater Map Shows landforms and bodies of water Uses colors to show b features Shows information about past c Shows important buildings and d routes Shows where the area of the e is located Vocabulary Builder Write the correct word and the meaning in Chinese. 1 a different shape of the Earth s surface, such as a mountain or desert 2 a line that divides one United States Mexico state or country from another 3 the way from one place to another 4 a smaller map set onto the main map that shows the big picture of a place 9

4 Unit 02 Geography Skills 2 Mountains, Rivers, and Deserts of the World Key Words steep mountain range mountain chain peak flow into tributary empty into arid 2 Mountains are high landforms with steep sides. They often form mountain ranges or mountain chains. The Himalaya Mountains are in Asia. Mt. Everest, the world s highest mountain, and many other high peaks are located there. In Europe, there are the Alps. South America has the Andes Mountains. And North America has the Appalachians and the Rocky Mountains. Rivers are long streams of water that flow into another body of water. Their source the starting place of a river may be high in a mountain. Then, they flow until they reach the sea. Many tributaries also empty into large rivers. The longest river in the world is the Nile River in Africa. The Amazon River in South America is another enormous river. In the United States, the Mississippi River is called the mighty Mississippi. Deserts are very dry land with few plants and animals. They get very little rainfall, so most deserts are both hot and arid. But they can be cold, too. Antarctica is an example of a cold desert. The world s biggest desert is the Sahara in Africa. Next is the Arabian Desert in the Middle East. The Gobi Desert in Asia is another huge desert. Mt. Everest Nile River Sahara Desert the world s highest mountain the world s longest river the world s biggest desert 10

5 Main Idea and Details 1 What is the passage mainly about? a. Some of the world s important rivers. b. The biggest deserts on the Earth. c. Some enormous landforms on the Earth. 2 is a big river in South America. a. The Mississippi River b. The Nile River c. The Amazon River 3 Which mountain chain is found in Europe? a. The Rocky Mountains. b. The Alps. c. The Andes Mountains. 4 What does empty mean? a. create b. flow c. remove 5 According to the passage, which statement is true? a. The Himalayas are located in Africa. b. The longest river in the world is the Amazon. c. Antarctica is a desert. 6 Complete the outline. Mountains, Rivers, and Deserts of the World Mountains Rivers Deserts Are high landforms Himalayas = in a Alps = in Europe Andes = in South America Appalachians and b = in North America Are long c of water Nile = longest river Amazon = enormous river Mississippi = d Mississippi Are dry land Antarctica = cold desert e = biggest desert Arabian = next biggest desert Gobi = huge desert in Asia Vocabulary Builder Write the correct word and the meaning in Chinese. 1 having a sharp inclination 2 a long row or chain of mountains 3 a stream or river that flows into a larger river Mississippi River Ohio River 4 very dry 11

6 Unit 03 The World Economy 1 A World of Trade Key Words globalized in contact with trade export import tariff collect interference free trade free market economy 3 We live in a globalized world. This means that every area on the planet is in contact with every other area. One way that people contact each other is through trade. Trade is the buying and selling of goods and services. Trade between different countries is called international trade. Many companies try to sell their goods all around the world. When they send their goods to another country, they are exporting them. Many companies buy resources and other products from other countries as well. When they bring in goods from another country, they are importing them. Most countries try to export more than they import. Many times, when goods are imported, the buyer must pay a tariff. A tariff is a tax that a government collects on imported goods. Trade that has no taxes or government interference is called free trade. Many of the world s countries have free market economies. In a free market economy, people decide what to produce and what to buy. However, in some countries, the government controls what is bought and sold. International Trade United States TO THE U.S.A. Countries buy and sell goods and resources across international borders. Korea TO KOREA 12

7 Main Idea and Details 1 What is the main idea of the passage? a. Countries want to export more goods than they import. b. Not every country in the world has a free market economy. c. People buy and sell goods and services all over the world. 2 is a tax on imported goods. a. An import b. An export c. A tariff 3 What is a free market economy? a. An economy in which the government controls buying and selling. b. An economy in which people decide what to produce and buy. c. An economy in which people pay taxes on imported goods. 4 What does controls mean? a. decides b. trades c. regulates 5 Answer the questions. a. What is trade? b. What is international trade? c. What is free trade? 6 Complete the outline. What It Is Trade International Trade Free Trade The buying and a of goods and services Trade between different b Export = to send goods to other countries Import = to c in goods from other countries Trade with no tariffs or government interference Tariff = a d on imported goods Vocabulary Builder Write the correct word and the meaning in Chinese. 1 to sell goods and sell resources to other countries 2 to buy goods and buy resources from other countries 3 a tax on imported goods 4 the act of interfering 13