ANALYZING CITIES & POPULATION: POPULATION GEOGRAPHY

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1 ANALYZING CITIES & POPULATION: POPULATION GEOGRAPHY

2 Population Geography Population Geography study of the number, contribution, and distribution of human populations Demography the study of the characteristics and dynamics pertaining to population

3 Population Geography Birth Rates Annual number of live births per 1000 population 40,000 births/year in a country of 2 million = 20 per 1000 birth rate (40,000/2,000,000) >30 per 1000 = high birth rates Agricultural and rural <20 per 1000 = low birth rates Industrialized and urban

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5 Population Geography Fertility Rate Average number of children that would be born to each woman if during her childbearing years, she bore children at the current year s fertility rate for women that age 2.1 = replaces current population >2.1 = increasing population <2.1 = decreasing population

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7 Population Geography Death Rates Annual number of deaths per 1000 population (same as birth rate) >20 per 1000 = high death rates Agricultural and rural <20 per 1000 = low death rates Industrialized and urban Infant Mortality Rate Ratio of deaths of infants aged 1 year or under per 1000 births

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10 Population Geography Population Pyramids graphical tool for understanding the structure and composition of populations, including sex ratios and age structure Provide insight into trends in population over time

11 Age cohorts are listed to the left and divided into 5 year increments % of Males is presented to the left, and % of females is presented to the right

12 Negative Growth

13 Slow Growth

14 Rapid Growth

15 Resources International Database (US Census Bureau): ngateway.php Nation Master

16 AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND: URBANIZED LANDSCAPES

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23 Australia: An Urban Culture 91% of all Australians live in cities or towns, mostly concentrated in the SE of the country

24 Sydney The largest city in Australia with over 4.5 million residents in the urban center and sprawling suburbs and outlying areas. Based on a model with multiple outlying 'centers' and suburbs that serve different functions Known as Australia's most modern city and the British influence on architecture and culture is still evident. The city that attracts the most immigrants making it a multicultural center in Australia Considered a Global City and it the financial center for Australia Located in Sydney Harbour, it is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, Blue Mountains, and Hawkesbury River

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26 2000 Olympic Hosts, Sydney Stadium

27 Melbourne Located in the state of Victoria, it is home over approximately 3.7 million residents and the second largest city in Australia Considered the 'Cultural' capital of Australia, being the center for the arts, film, television, entertainment, and sports Also a port city and located near the estuary of the Yarra River Established in 1835, when land was negotiated from Aboriginal Wurundjeri elders

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31 Brisbane Located on the Gold Coast, which adjoins to the Great Barrier Reef and surrounded by the Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, and the Great Divide mountain range Known as the Miami of Australia State capital of Queensland (NE corner of country), with approximately 2 million residents A dense city center is similar to Sydney or Melbourne, but also similar to other Australian cities, it has a sprawling metropolitan area with large surrounding suburbs Only recently has there been an increase in attached housing, such as apartments and townhouses

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35 Perth One of the World's most isolated cities, separated by it's nearest neighbor in Australia by 2/3 of the country's land, and from Asia & Africa by thousands of miles of ocean Largest city in western Australia with over 1.5 million residents, and the capital of the Western Territory Bounded by the Swan River, Indian Ocean and the Darling Range Follow this link to see more photos of Perth and to learn more about the region:

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37 New Zealand: An Urban Culture 86% of population lives in cities or towns Urban-based economies, including the processing & packing of livestock and farm products, and governmental jobs Physical landscape barriers high rugged mountains and fragmented land Urban areas along the coastlines Highly isolated from other countries of the world

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41 Population Density

42 Indigenous Groups

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45 Auckland, North Island Largest & most populous city in NZ with 1.4 million city of sails lies in narrow isthmus between the sparkling waters of the Waitemata and Manukau Harbours Largest economic center of the country with strong financial business, education, tourism and service industry Ethnic Composition: European 57%, Pacific Island 19%, Asian 15%, Maori 11%, Others 1.5%

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48 Christchurch, South Island 2 nd largest city in NZ, and largest city in South Island with approximately 380,000 residents Avon River runs through the city Ethnic Composition: European 75%, Pacific Island 3%, Asian 8%, Maori 8%, Others 1% City center is identified by Cathedral square and considered the Central Business District Residential areas exist within the central city, but surrounded by sprawling suburbs

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50 URBANIZATION & THE ENVIRONMENT

51 Urban Footprint Varied impacts on the environment, such as supplying enough energy, food & water Can spread beyond areas with concentrated populations Increased consumption Higher quality food and variety Example: conversion of forests into grazing or agricultural lands Sustainable Growth almost 50% of the world s population lives on 3% of the land Allows large areas to remain protected and intact

52 Why Societies Collapse societies_collapse.html

53 Natural Disasters Urban areas are more vulnerable b/c of increase in damage to built environment & number of people affected Increase in natural disasters & increase in urban populations Between , 75% of the world s population lived in areas affected by a natural disaster Socioeconomic class plays a role in who is most adversely affected

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