HSC Geography. Year 2013 Mark Pages 10 Published Jul 4, Urban Dynamics. By James (97.9 ATAR)

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1 HSC Geography Year 2013 Mark Pages 10 Published Jul 4, 2017 Urban Dynamics By James (97.9 ATAR)

2 Powered by TCPDF ( Your notes author, James. James achieved an ATAR of 97.9 in 2013 while attending Smiths Hill High School Currently studying Law/IR at The Australian National University James says: A Law/IR student at the Australian National University.

3 HSC GEOGRAPHY URBAN PLACES: URBAN DYNAMICS The urban dynamics of change; suburbanisation, exurbanisation, counterurbanisation, decentralisation, consolidation, urban decay, urban renewal, urban village, spatial exclusion A case study of the results of the urban dynamics in a large city selected from the developed world including its; o Social structure and spatial patterns of advantage and disadvantage, wealth and poverty, ethnicity o Changing economic character, nature and location of residential land, commercial and industrial development o Culture of place as expressed in the architecture, streetscape, heritage architecture, noise, colour, street life, energy, vitality and lifestyles o Growth, development, future trends and ecological sustainability A case study showing one of the urban dynamics listed above, operating in a country town or suburb Geographic Terminology Suburbanisation: the outward growth of urban development which may engulf surrounding villages and towns into one urban agglomeration. Exurbanisation: a process whereby people, usually affluent, move from the city to rural areas but continue to maintain an urban way of life either through long distance commuting or technology. Counterurbanisation: a marked decline in the total population, or growth of the population, of large metropolitan areas and the subsequent growth of smaller urban centres at their expense first identified in North America in the 1970 s where counterurbanisaion had replaced urbanisation as the dominant force shaping the nation s settlement pattern. Decentralisation: government policy which attempts to reduce the concentration of businesses, services and people in major city centres and to increase population in smaller regional centres. Consolidation: government policy which attempts to reduce urban sprawl by increasing the population density in an urban area. Urban decay: (or urban blight) involves the degradation of built-up areas and subsequently surrounding areas, into a state of disrepair. Urban renewal: the redevelopment or run-down areas. It may involve clearing away decayed parts of the city, improving transport and commercial facilities, community services, landscaping, renovating or rebuilding dilapidated structures. Urban village: distinctive residential districts comprising a clustering of people with a common culture and forming an identifiable community.

4 Spatial exclusion: refers to the defence of luxury lifestyles which had resulted in restrictions in spatial access and the freedom of movement of other urban dwellers. It is manifest in high security suburbs, walled estates and security conscious retail business complexes. Ecological sustainable development: using, conserving and enhancing the community s resources so the ecological processes are maintained so that quality of life, now and in the future, can be increased. Brownfield sites: land previously used. The term can be applied to vacant or derelict land; landfill sites; land occupied by redundant or unused buildings; and developed land within the settlement boundary where further intensification of use is considered acceptable. Economic restructuring: significant and enduring changes to the nature and structure of an economy. It involves exposing an economy to international competition via tariff reduction, financial deregulation and company reorganisation (downsizing and outsourcing). Franchising: a commercial relationship in which the franchisor provides a licensed privilege to the franchisee to do business and offers assistance in organising, training, merchandising, marketing and managing in return for a fee or share of any profit. Franchising is a form of business by which the owner (franchisor) of a product, services or method obtains distribution through affiliated dealers (franchisees). Gentrification: the rehabilitation or renewal or a deteriorated neighbourhood by new residents who are generally wealthier than the long-time residents. This often results in an increase in housing prices and leads to the displacement of long-time residents. High technology corridor: an area along or near major transportation arteries that is devoted to the research, development and sale of high-technology products. These areas develop because of the networking advantages of concentrating high technologies in close proximity to one another. Silicon Valley is an example of a high-technology corridor in the USA. Locational disadvantage: due to a person s economic circumstances they are forced to live in parts of the city where the services on which they depend are not readily available. New economy: the high-tech, information based economy arising largely from new developments in the Internet, telecommunications and computer sectors. Public realm: publicly owned streets, sidewalks, rights of way, parks and other publicly accessible open spaces, and public and civic buildings and facilities. It also includes the provision of services such as public education, and health care and a culturally embedded social expectation of right to entry, such as shopping malls. Retail image: the particular image the retailer seeks to associate with their retail business.

5 Powered by TCPDF ( Sydney at a Glance Population 4.6 million June 2011, 20.5% of the Australian population Location: S, E in NSW, Australia Area: 12, 000 sqkm Highest urban density in Australia at 2000 people p/sqkm The results of the urban dynamics operating in a large city in the developed world Sydney o Social structure, spatial patterns of advantage and disadvantage, wealth and poverty, ethnicity Social structure is the form of patterns or interrelationships of people in a society. It can result in patterns of advantage and disadvantage often arising due to factors such as; income, ethnicity, education and employment Social Demographics in Sydney Well defined class structure based on private ownership of land Differences in living standards between higher income earners and low income earners are being widened by economic restructuring Entire areas of social disadvantage have now become commonplace in Sydney s urban morphology, also has developed areas of wealth and privilege Spatial Patterns of Advantage and Disadvantage In 2000 just 5% of Australia s population controlled 31.6% of the county s personal wealth while the least wealthy controlled only 7% In Sydney the richest 1% earn 25% of the total income Most wealthy suburbs concentrated around waterways and northern suburbs e.g census (Socio Economic Index for Areas, 2013) by Ku Ring Gai and Mosman and Lane Cove most wealthy suburbs (top 4 of 5 actually located in Perth) overall, 42 suburbs ranked in top 1% of advantaged areas but also 2 suburbs in most disadvantaged and more than 30 in the top 5% of disadvantaged communities [MEDIA: Suburban advantage survey plots where true battlers live, SMH, May 2013) Most lower socio-economic areas located around the western, inner-west and south-western suburbs e.g census (SEIFA) found Fairfield, Airds and Claymore most disadvantaged areas in Sydney SEIFA found Sydney has the greatest range of socio-economic disparities of any city in Australia According to ACOSS (Australian Council of Social Services) 2 million people live at or below the poverty line (less than 50% of the average household income), 1 in 6 Australian s reliant on income support