Chapter 9 Urban Geography (Making questions from notes)

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1 Chapter 9 Urban Geography (Making questions from notes) Remember that you book is laid out rather neatly in that it divides sections of the chapter into Key Questions. What you want to do is make up questions from your notes for each section and sub section of the chapter (including Field Notes). This may not be every possible question, but it s a lot! It looks like quite a bit, but if you do this yourself on all of the other chapters (past and future) then you will be increasing your chances for a higher grade on the AP exam as well as in the class. Field Note Straddling the Wall What is Urban morphology? 1. When and why did people start living in cities? What it s city? What does the term urban refers to? How long does urbanization to happen in the modern world? What was the example given? The Hearths of Urbanization Why are people moving from rural to urban areas? Which places are about 80% urban? Which places are about 30% urban? How long did it take urbanization to occur? When did agriculture begin? How long ago did agriculture begin? What is an agricultural village? How long did it take for people to begin to cluster into towns? What are the two components needed necessary for the formation of cities? What was the leadership class?

2 What was the innovation of the city called? What are the five urban hearths in chronological order? What did the five urban hearths have in common? What are some characteristics of each urban hearth? What is independent invention? The Role of the Ancient City in Society What were the roles of ancient cities? About how large was the ancient city? When and from where did urbanization diffuse to the Mediterranean? What were the leading Mediterranean cities? What were the differences and similarities of the leading Mediterranean cities? What was an acropolis? What was the largest ancient city in the world? What was an agora? How were the Romans influenced by the Greeks? What happened to European cities after the fall of the Roman Empire? What cities of the world grew during this time? What is the urban banana? Where were most cities sited on the continents before European colonization? What is the term for the relative location of a city, its place in the regions, and the world around it? What is the 2 nd agricultural revolution? What made the 2 nd agricultural revolution possible?

3 What did the 2 nd agricultural revolution make possible? What was the main determinant in the location of early industrial cities? What resulted from industrial cities being unregulated jumbles of activity during the industrialization period? What is a black town? Who were Karl Marx and Frederick Engles? Where Are Cities Located and Why? What are trade areas? Where would customers from smaller towns and villages go to conduct business, shop, get their newspapers, or watch television? What is the modern urban hierarchy? What does the rank size rule state? What is an example of the rank size rule? Does the rank size rule apply to all cities? What is a primate city, and what are examples? Central Place Theory Who is Walter Christaller? What is the Central Place Theory? What were Christaller s five assumptions? What were his conclusions once he applied his theory to real world situations? Hexagonal Hinterlands Why did Christaller choose hexagonal regions as the shape of each trade area? Was Christaller s theory accepted everywhere?

4 Where were his ideas supported? Who was G. William Skinner? What were some conclusions to Christaller s Central Place Theory model? Central Places Today Who is Larry Ford? What is the Sunbelt Phenomenon How did the movement of Central Americans, and South Americans to the Sunbelt change the urban hierarchy there? What are some of the affected Sunbelt cities? Models of the City What is functional zonation? What are examples of functional zonation? What is a zone? What is a Central Business District? What does a CBD look like? What is the central city? What is a suburb and where is it located? What is suburbanization? Who is P.O. Miller? What has become the essence of the modern American city? Modeling the North American City What were the 3 models of North American cities? What s the big difference among the three?

5 Who is Ernest Burgess? Who is Homer Hoyt? Who are Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman? What are edge cities? What happened in edge cities? What is the urban realm? Modeling the Cities of the Global Periphery and Semiperiphery Why is it so much difficult to model, classify, or typify, urban centers? What are colonial cities? What s an indigenous city? What are two megacities that are difficult to classify, model, typify? Latin American City What is the Griffin Ford Model? What is the main part of the model? What is the disamenity sector? What is a perifericos? What exactly is the gentrification zone in the Griffin Ford model? The African City What are the fastest growing cities in the world? Where are there cities that are not growing at all? What has been the biggest imprint on many African cities? Is there any one model city in Africa? What are the 3 CBD s of African cities?

6 What is on the outside of African cities? What does the typical African market zone or business zone look? The Southeast Asian City What is the McGee Model? What did McGee find in the Southeast Asian city? How Do People Make Cities? Making Cities in the Global Periphery and Semiperiphery Where are many of the world s most populous cities located? What are shantytowns? What are zoning laws? What do zoning laws do? Where is it that zoning laws not exist? What s the only large city in the U.S. with no zoning laws? What happens without zoning laws? What is the one trait all major cities display across the global periphery? Making Cities in the Global Core What was one of the ways to keep the races separate during segregation? What is blockbusting? What was a by product of blockbusting? Why have people left the central city for the suburbs? What are city governments encouraging? What happens to city government revenues with suburbanization? What is commercialization?

7 What is gentrification? Where does gentrification mainly occur, and name some examples? How is gentrification occurring in the suburbs? What is a McMansion, and why is it called by that name? How are McMansions bad? Urban Sprawl and New Urbanism What is urban sprawl? How can you spot urban sprawl? Where is urban sprawl more rampant? What is the new urbanism and what is its purpose? Where are some new urbanist cities? Gated Communities What is a gated community? What are the objectives of gated communities? What percentage of Americans live in gated communities? What s the difference between gated communities in China and those in Europe and North America? Why did urban planners want to gate middle and low income neighborhoods? What was the outcome of urban planners gating middle and low income neighborhoods? What is an example of it? Ethnic Neighborhoods in the European City Who usually lives in ethnic neighborhoods in European cities? What are some examples of ethnic neighborhoods in European cities?

8 Why are European cities more compact, densely populated, and walkable than U.S. cities? What are the focal points of European cities? What are the focal points of American cities? What happens when immigrants move into European cities? (give and example) Ethnic Neighborhoods in the Global Periphery and Semiperiphery city What parts of the cities in the periphery do migrants live? How do the millions of immigrants living in the slum survive? What is the informal economy? Why does the informal economy worry governments? What Role Do Cities Play in Globalization? What is globalization? What are world cities? Cities as Spaces of Consumption What are spaces of consumption?

URBAN GEOGRAPHY. Chapter 9

URBAN GEOGRAPHY. Chapter 9 URBAN GEOGRAPHY Chapter 9 When and Why Did People Start Living in Cities? City: A conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics Urban: