Evaluation of a Low cost Drifting Buoy equipped with a Sonic Anemometer
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1 Evaluation of a Low cost Drifting Buoy equipped with a Sonic Anemometer Chris Marshall Environment Canada National Manager of Marine Monitoring Findings first presented at CMOS Conference, Montreal by Champika Gallage June 01, 2012
2 Outline What was our Motivation Why we used MINIMET buoy (SVPB buoy equipped with a Sonic Anemometer) How did we use it Some of the results Possible next steps Page 2 October 29, 2012
3 Different types of Drifter Buoys Buoys presently used by Environment Canada in the Arctic AXI Buoy Polar SVP Buoy ICEX Buoy Page 3 October 29, 2012
4 Why this technology?
5 What is MINIMET Surface Velocity Program buoy fixed with a Sonic Anemometer Measures atmospheric pressure, Temperature, Winds and GPS location Buoy sphere diameter 41cm, Powered by Alkaline Battery pack Page 5 October 29, 2012
6 MINIMET Drifter Buoy Page 6 October 29, 2012
7 Sensor Specifications Sensor Make & Model Accuracy Lower limit Upper Limit Air Pressure Honeywell HPB +/- 1mB 850 mb mb Wind Speed Gill Sonic 2% of the reading 0 m/s 60 m/s Wind Direction PNI TCM +/ Deg. 355 Deg. SST Pacific Gyre +/ C 0 0 C C GPS ublox LEA Standard N/A N/A Battery Pack Alkaline 12V (8x4) N/A N/A N/A Page 7 October 29, 2012
8 Site selection - Gimli RCS station Lat: 50.63, Lon: Located 2.8 miles west of the western shore of the South Basin of Lake Winnipeg. Page 8 October 29, 2012
9 MINIMET Buoys on Gimli RCS station Page 9 October 29, 2012
10 Buoy Operation MINIMET 1 (M1) installed at 2M height above ground MINMET 2 (M2) installed on the surface Battery Voltage stable throughout the testing period Temperature was <-20 deg C during mid-end of January lack of cold winter a problem Data transmission from MINIMET buoys 100%. (with IRIDIUM SBD) Wind direction was not measured due to MINIMENT buoy mounting difficulties (wind vane rotates together with the sphere) Page 10 October 29, 2012
11 Station Pressure January 5 th to March 10 th 2012 Excellent agreement between 2 MINIMET buoys and RCS station
12 Temperature January 5 th to March 10 th 2012 MINIMET only reports SST down to -5C, also rather noisy dataset with black hull of buoy as well as influence of snow cover. Preferable to measure temperature at M above surface.
13 Wind Speed VS 10 M RCS wind January 5 th to March 10 th 2012
14 Wind Speed VS 2 M RCS wind January 5 th to March 10 th 2012
15 Summary of wind speed analysis Limited analysis due to short duration of sampling, and low wind speeds observed MINIMET1 (2M) was ~ 1 m/s lower than RCS 2 M winds MINMET2 (surface) was ~ 2 m/s lower than RCS 2 M winds No correlation found between air temperature and difference in wind speed measurements. Wind speed measurements seem to be in acceptable range for low-cost in-situ measurements. Cannot comment on in-water performance.
16 Next Steps MINIMET buoy has been deployed in Canadian High Arctic (Gateshead Island - collocated with EC coastal automatic weather station) Plan for 2 nd deployment north of Fairbanks Alaska in buoy intercomparison planned by I. Rigor Hope to assess performance of batteries at very cold temperatures. Expect to obtain observations of higher wind speeds, with larger sample size May consider deployment in NE Pacific, or Beaufort Sea to evaluate in-water performance Page 16 October 29, 2012
17 Gateshead Island, Nunavut Page 17 October 29, 2012
18 Next Steps EC interested to work with vendors to transfer drifter technology to low-cost, self-powered mini-aws (pressure, wind, temp) suitable for deployment in extreme environments such as High Arctic. Ideally suitable for land or ice deployments. Prefer wind and temperature observations taken away from ground or ice surface (ideally at 2-5 M) Keep unit cost in $5-10K range, with deployment/setup less than one hour on ground or ice, and expected operation of 2-3 years. Page 18 October 29, 2012
19 Hoping the polar bears leave MINIMET alone! Page 19 October 29, 2012
20 Contributors Champika Gallage, METAREA monitoring coordinator Darren Tessmer, Manager, Atmospheric Monitoring, MSC Operations Prairie Northern Region (PNR) Wayne Emond, Head-Technical Services-Winnipeg, Atmospheric Monitoring, MSC Operations PNR Pacific Gyre, Andy Sybrandy Manufacturer, MINIMET Buoy Page 20 October 29, 2012
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