4.1 New Generation Satellite Data and Nowcasting Products: Himawari

Transcription

1 4.1 New Generation Satellite Data and Nowcasting Products: Himawari SCOPE-Nowcasting-EP September 2017 Koji Yamashita Meteorological Satellite Center (MSC) Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

2 Successful Launch of Himawari-8 Himawari-8 was successfully launched using H-IIA Launch Vehicle # 25 on 7 October 2014 from the Tanegashima Space Center in Kagoshima, Japan

3 Successful Launch of Himawari-9 Himawari-9 was successfully launched on 5 th of Nov Himawari-9 is planned to start a backup-operation for Himawari-8 from next March (2017)

4 Himawari-8/9 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) solar panel communication antennas Geostationary position Attitude control Communication Around E 3-axis attitude-controlled geostationary satellite 1) Raw observation data transmission Ka-band, GHz (downlink) 2) DCS International channel MHz (uplink) Domestic channel MHz (uplink) Transmission to ground segments Ka-band, GHz (downlink) 3) Telemetry and command Ku-band, GHz (downlink) GHz (uplink) Himawari-8 began operation on 7 July 2015, replacing the previous MTSAT-2 operational satellite MTSAT-1R MTSAT-2 operation standby standby operation standby Himawari-8 Himawari-9 a package purchase manufacture manufacture launch launch operation standby standby operation standby

5 Spectral Bands cf. MTSAT-2 Bands VIS 0.68 μm IR4 3.7 μm IR3 6.8 μm IR μm IR μm Himawari-8/9 Imager (AHI; Advanced Himawari Imager) Band Spatial Resolution Central Wavelength Physical Properties μm vegetation, aerosol Visible 1 km μm vegetation, aerosol (VIS) km 0.64 μm Vegetation, low cloud, fog 4 1 km 0.86 μm vegetation, aerosol Near 5 Infrared 1.6 μm cloud phase/particle size (NIR) 2 km μm cloud particle size μm low cloud, fog, forest fire μm upper-level moisture μm mid- and upper-level moisture μm mid-level moisture 11 Infrared 8.6 μm cloud phase, SO 2 2 km 12 (IR) 9.6 μm Ozone content μm cloud imagery, information of cloud top μm cloud imagery, sea surface temperature μm cloud imagery, sea surface temperature μm cloud top height 3 Visible Bands Addition of NIR Bands Increase of WV Bands Increase of TIR Bands

6 Improved Resolutions Spectral Spatial VIS 1 band VIS 3 bands At sub-satellite point VIS 1 km IR 4 km MTSAT-1R/2 VIS 0.5/1 km IR 2 km Himawari-8/9 NIR R G 3 bands B Temporal Observation Frequency IR 4 bands IR 10 bands full-disk obs. 5 bands 16 bands MTSAT-1R/2 Himawari-8/9 MTSAT-1R/2 Himawari-8/9

7 Increased Spatial Resolution MTSAT-2 (VIS) 1km Himawari-8 (B03) 0.5 km Toky o Toky o 03:00 UTC on 29 January 2015

8 Increased Observation Frequency MTSAT-2 (VIS) Hourly in Monochrome Himawari-8 (Band01-03) Every 10 minutes in Full-Color 16 UTC on 2 nd to 13 UTC on 3 rd, April 2015

9 AHI Observation Modes Full disk Region 2 SW-JAPAN Region 3 Target Area Region 1 NE-JAPAN Interval : 10 minutes (6 times per hour) Region 1 JAPAN (North-East) Interval : 2.5 minutes (4 times in 10 min) Dimension : EW x NS: 2000 x 1000 km Region 2 JAPAN (South-West) Region 5 Landmark Area 2016/11/8 Region 4 Landmark Area Interval : 2.5 minutes (4 times in 10 min) Dimension : EW x NS: 2000 x 1000 km Region 3 Target Area Interval : 2.5 minutes (4 times in 10 min) Dimension : EW x NS: 1000 x 1000 km Region 4 Landmark Area Interval : 0.5 minutes (20 times in 10 min) Dimension : EW x NS: 1000 x 500 km Region 5 Landmark Area Interval : 0.5 minutes (20 times in 10 min) Dimension : EW x NS: 1000 x 500 km

10 2016/11/8 AHI Scan Scenario

11 Visible band Himawari-8: Observation Area and Interval in 10 minutes time frame RGB Composited True Color Japan & Vicinity Obs. Targeted Area obs. Full Disk Obs. July 9-10, 2015 Visible band

12 Available formats for Himawari imagery 1. HRIT ( High Rate Information Transmission ) Region: Full disk Number of bands : 14 Level resolution : 1024 (10bit) Spatial Resolution : Spatial resolution: VIS: 1 km, IR: 2-4 km Time Resolution : 10 minutes 2.LRIT( Low Rate Information Transmission ) Region : Full disk Number of bands : 4 (VIS, IR1, IR3, IR4) Level resolution : 256 (8bit) Spatial Resolution : 5km at nadir Time Resolution : 10 minutes

13 Real-time JPEG Himawari Imagery Service on JMA/MSC Website for Asia-Oceania Region Central Asia Hi-res. Asia 2 South-east Asia 1 South-east Asia 2 Hi-res. Asia 3 Hi-res. Asia 1 Pacific Islands 1 Pacific Islands 2 South-east Asia 3 Pacific Islands 6 Pacific Islands 3 Pacific Islands 5 Pacific Islands 4 Australia 15 New Zealand

14 Real-time JPEG Himawari Imagery Service on JMA/MSC Website for Asia-Oceania Region South Asia Hi-res. Asia 5 (Sri Lanka) Oceania Region Pacific Islands 9 Hi-res. Asia 4 Pacific Islands 10 Hi-res. Pacific Islands 1 ( Solomon) Pacific Islands 8 Hi-res. Asia 6 ( Timor-Leste) Hi-res. Pacific Islands 2 ( Vanuatu) Hi-res. Pacific Islands 3 ( Fiji) Pacific Islands 7 16

15 Real-time JPEG Himawari Imagery Service on JMA/MSC Website for Oceania Region Islands 6 Islands 5 Islands 4 Islands 9 Islands 8 Islands 7 Islands 2 Islands 1 Resolution 0.01degree Island 1 : Samoa Island 2 : Tuvalu Island 3 : Tonga Islands 3 Island 4 : Micronesia (Palikir) Island 5 : Micronesia (Weno) Island 6 : Palau Island 7 : Kiribati Island 8 : Nauru Island 9 : Marshall Islands 17

16 Himawari-8 Products (NOWCASTING PRODUCT)

17 RGBs from Himawari-8 Very useful imageries to analyze meteorological/non-meteorological phenomenon Natural Color Day Microphysics Night Microphysics True Color Day Snow-Fog Day Convective Storm Dust Airmass

18 Heavy Rain Potential Areas Possible rainfall areas associated with deep convective clouds are detected based on three infrared bands of Himawari-8. South Pacific Islands Southeast Asia

19 High-resolution Cloud Analysis Information (HCAI) Basic cloud product with latitude-longitude grid in 0.02 degree. cloud mask, cloud type and cloud top height Produced hourly Provided to NMHSs: Indonesia, Myanmar, and Malaysia (under discussion) Cloud Mask Cloud Top Height Clear Mixed Cloud

20 Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMV) Himawari-8 AMVs derived from Himawari-8 imagery with new algorithm MTSAT-2 AMVs derived from MTSAT- 2 imagery and heritage algorithm Image Resolution 2km/10min. Image Resolution 4km/30min. Image Resolution 4km/60min. Colder color : upper level wind warmer color : low level wind Himawari-8 and MTSAT-2 IR AMV (QI>60, 14 of Jan UTC)

21 Himawari-8 Low Level-AMVs around typhoon (internal use) 03UTC 13 Sep UTC 13 Sep Example of operational AMVs (B03) over 975 hpa Example of low level- AMVs (B03) Wind speed (kt) The RSMC Tokyo Typhoon Centre and JMA/MSC have examined to utilize low level AMV of Himawari-8 to estimate sea surface winds around typhoons using operational AMV ( B03, B07 and B13 ) over 700 hpa. JMA has used the Himawari-8 low level AMV in the typhoon monitoring operation in the RSMC Tokyo since July 2017.

22 Aerosol Optical Depth product (Asian Dust: internal use) Aerosol Optical Depth and Angstrom exponent (the latter is derived only over the ocean) Retrieval algorithm: LUT 0.64, 0.86 μm (ocean), 0.64, 2.3 μm (land) Aerosol type is assumed to be Asian dust NOT optimized for other aerosol types (e.g. haze) Internal use (Asian dust monitoring) Plan for introducing a JAXA algorithm in the AOD product on February 2018 AHI aerosol products for data assimilation Under development in collaboration with JAXA Volcanic ash retrieval algorithm would be applied to retrieve aerosol during nighttime (Courtesy of D. Uesawa) 27

23 Volcanic Ash (Under-development) Adoption of NOAA/NESDIS Algorithm Under implementation VOLCAT software developed by NOAA/NESDIS for Himawari-8 volcanic ash product at JMA/MSC - Many thanks to NOAA, Dr. Pavolonis and Dr. Sieglaff Expected Products Ash top height Mass-loading Optical depth Evaluation and Validation Preliminary products will be provided to JMA s Tokyo VAAC (Volcanic Ash Advisory Center) for testing Preliminary results of VOLCAT for the eruption of Raung (Indonesia) on 13 July

24 Rapidly Developing Cumulus Area(RDCA) red: green: blue: Cb(Cumulonimbus) rapidly growing Cu(Cumulus) middle/lower/unknown cloud This product is now provided to aviation (movie) users only

25 Plan for widening the area of RDCA product RDCA product will be widen the area which may include PNG and Solomon islands (maybe next year or so) This product is test phase in JMA as of September N 15S 85E 180E

26 Night Microphysics RGB Fog Detection Product True Color Reproduction Image Yellow:Nighttime Red:Daytime latitude-longitude grid in 0.02 degree produced every 10 minutes UTC~ UTC 31

27 Archived Servers Operated by Japanese Science Group The following Himawari Historical Data Servers are operated by Japanese Science Group on a voluntary basis for Non-Profit R&D Users - Chiba University Data Server CEReS (Center for Environmental Remote Sensing) - NICT Himawari-8 Real-time Web - JAXA Himawari Monitor - University of Tokyo DIAS (Data Integration and Analysis System)

28 Summary Evolution from heritage GEO imagers # of bands: 5 -> 16 Increased physical/meteorological information! Spatial resolutions: VIS: 1 -> 0.5/1.0 km, IR: 4.0 -> 2.0 km Temporal resolutions: 30/60 min. -> 10 min. Himawari-8 products (Nowcasting products) Real-time RGB composite imageries on JMA website Geophysical quantity products Heavy Rainfall Potential Areas product on JMA website High-resolution Cloud Analysis Information (HCAI) product on JDDS Atmospheric Motion Vector product on GTS Low Level-AMVs around typhoon product for the typhoon monitoring operation in the RSMC Tokyo ( internal use ) Aerosol product ( internal use ) Product by JAXA are also available online Volcanic Ash product for under-development Rapidly Developing Cumulus Area product for test phase Fog Detection Product for test phase 33