Space Science and Exploration Challenges and perspectives. Roger-Maurice Bonnet International Space Science Institute Institut d Astrophysique, Paris
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1 Space Science and Exploration Challenges and perspectives Roger-Maurice Bonnet International Space Science Institute Institut d Astrophysique, Paris
2 Chiaro oscuro 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 2
3 The solar spectrum observed from different altitudes 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 3
4 Lagrange points SOHO
5 Ulysses: Unique observing site
6 The icy surface of Europa Extraordinary Io 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 6
7
8 First image of Titan s surface HUYGENS DISR mosaic Methane rivers on Titan R.M. Bonnet 50 years of space science Credits: ESA/NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
9 Landing on a comet nucleus 10 November 2014 Halley s Comet nucleus 13/03/86, Giotto, ESA Comet Hartley-2 04/11/10, Epoxi, NASA Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
10 R.M. Bonnet 50 years of space science
11 R. Giacconi, Nobel Prize 2002 Phys. Rev. Letters, 1962
12 J. Mather & G. Smoot, Nobel Prize 2006
13 Continuous spectrum of the Universe The 6,000 K Universe: Stars The 1,000,000 K Universe: Black Holes + Hot Gas Hubble ACS Ultradeep Field XMM-Newton 1 Msec Field Credit: G. Hasinger
14 R.M. Bonnet 50 years of space science
15 Grand Questions 1. Understanding the Universe. How did it began? How is it evolving? 2. Are we alone? 3. Understanding the Solar System. How did it begin? How is it evolving? 4. Will the Earth remain an hospitable home for humanity in the future? 5. What could the future hold for humans in space? 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 15
16 Understanding the Universe How did it began? How is it evolving? 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 16
17 How did it begin? Chandra Herschel WMAP Planck Dark Matter HST HST
18 The first lights COBE WMAP 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 18
19 Planck s Universe 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 19
20
21 The known and the unknown of the Universe
22 Dark matter 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 22
23 How did it evolve?
24 Coronium? Newtonium? D. Mendeleïev, /24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 24
25 Why not? Petr Horava Murray Gell Mann 25
26 The search for darkness WFIRST EUCLIDE 11/24/
27 27
28 Evolution of the structures of the Universe (Chaisson 2001) Dissipatives structures of increasing complexity
29 Are we alone? 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 29
30 ALH-84001
31 Extra solar planets (S. Udry, 2010) 51 Peg b RV Transits -lensing Timing
32 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 32
33 Evolution to modern humans and terrestrial inteligence 3 My (57.3s) 2 My (38.2s) 1 My (19.1s) y (1.91s) Now 33
34 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 34
35 Simulation of an Earth like planet at 10 light Years, observed with a 150 km array hypertelescope of 150 mirrors of 3 m R.M. Bonnet 50 years of space science
36 Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it evolving? 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 36
37 The Solar System diversity and commonalities Sizes Moons Craters Rings Volcanoes Magnetism Atmospheres Water Itokawa Lutetia
38 History book of the Solar System 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 38
39
40 Returning samples to Earth Essential for a proper understanding of what is happening in our neighborhood 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 40
41 Venus 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 41
42 The formation of 10 4 yr planetary systems Disk & Jet Collapsing cloud 10 6 yr Protoplanetary system 10 8 yr Planetary system 10 9 yr
43 2009: Herschel ESA s largest space telescope Herschel forces a complete review of stars formation models. There will be a before and an after Herschel(Laurent Vigroux, Oct.2010)
44 James Webb Space Telescope R.M. Bonnet, CPLP, Maputo 14/09/10
45 Asteroids: understanding the genome of the Solar System Itokawa Lutetia 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 45
46 The Earth 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 46
47 Will it remain a hospitable home for humanity in the future? R.M. Bonnet 50 years of space science
48 Will it remain a hospitable home for humanity in the future? R.M. Bonnet 50 years of space science
49
50 What could the future hold for Humans in space? 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 50
51 51
52 : Hubble 20 years in orbit
53 International Space Station 11/24/
54 R.M. Bonnet 50 years of space science
55 Conclusions (1/2) 50 years after Sputnik1, space has become an essential element of our life and for our survival, We enter an era of globalization and space systems are global by nature, International cooperation is therefore crucial to ensure that all the elements of the essential space network are at the disposal of all humans 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 55
56 Conclusions (2/2) Most of the Grand questions will find an answer through the continuous progress in our understanding of the fundamental laws of nature. The rigorous scientific approach finds its purest applications in our attempts to answer these Grand questions. It offers a unique example to those who by ignorance, or arrogance. or personal interest claim that science is wrong. Uncertainty and progress have always characterized science The grand questions offer an arena for educating the public at large in the value of rigorous scientific reasoning, constantly leading to more discoveries and also to skepticism, both being an integral part of scientific progress and understanding 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 56
57 11/24/2010 R-M. Bonnet 57
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