Investigating Astronomy Timothy F. Slater, Roger A. Freeman Chapter 7 Observing the Dynamic Giant Planets

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Investigating Astronomy Timothy F. Slater, Roger A. Freeman Chapter 7 Observing the Dynamic Giant Planets"

Transcription

1 Investigating Astronomy Timothy F. Slater, Roger A. Freeman Chapter 7 Observing the Dynamic Giant Planets Observing Jupiter and Saturn The disk of Jupiter at opposition appears about two times larger than the disk of Saturn at opposition, which is about two times farther away. Both planets display dark and light bands, though these are fainter on Saturn. (As viewed from on the Earth) Jupiter and Saturn As viewed from Voyager space probe Jupiter and Saturn The Appearance of Jupiter The Appearance of Saturn Please insert figure 43.1 Jupiter 5 AU from the Sun 11x Earth s diameter 300x Earth s mass Saturn 9.5 AU from the Sun 9.5x Earth s diameter 100x Earth s Mass Parallel bands of clouds Dark belts Light zones 90% H 2, 10% He, traces of methane, ammonia and water Outer atmosphere has a temperature of 160K Rotates once every 9.9 hours Visibly flattened! Parallel bands of clouds Similar to Jupiter s, but not as distinct 96% H 2, 4% He, traces of hydrogen-rich compounds Outer atmosphere has a temperature of 130K Rotates once every 10.7 hours Even flatter than Jupiter! Solid Rotation versus Differential Rotation All parts of a solid object rotate together. A rotating fluid displays differential rotation. The Interiors of the Gas Giants Please insert figure 43.3 The Compositions of Jupiter and Saturn Rocky core An outer core of liquid ices A layer of helium and liquid metallic hydrogen A layer of helium and ordinary molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) Saturn has more rocky core and less liquid

2 On Jupiter, these wind shears give rise to enormous vortices, or storms, seen as white, brown or red ovals in its clouds The Great Red Spot on Jupiter is one such vortex Rises 50 km above surrounding clouds Wind speeds of 500 km/hr! Changes size over time The Great Red Spot The Great Red Spot is a storm that has lasted for at least 300 years! Galileo saw it, and it hasn t changed much It is changing color slowly, however. Jupiter s Atmosphere Jupiter s Bands This visible-light image of Jupiter was made by the Voyager 1 craft. Bright and dark areas in this Earth-based infrared image, taken at the same time, correspond to high and low temperatures, respectively. Jupiter and Saturn s Cloud Layers The black curves show temperature versus altitude in each atmosphere, as well as the probable arrangements of the cloud layers. Beneath both planets cloud layers, the atmosphere is composed almost entirely of hydrogen and helium. (Zero altitude = 1/10 of Earth s atmospheric pressure.) Magnetic Fields The liquid metallic hydrogen in Jupiter and Saturn can carry electrical currents, similar to the liquid core of the Earth fields. These currents generate very large magnetic -Jupiter s is 20,000 times as strong as Earth s, and if it were visible, would appear larger than the full Moon in our sky! -Saturn s field is 500 times as strong as Earth s Both Jupiter and Saturn experience auroras ConceptCheck: Will Jupiter s rocky moons, such as Ganymede, exhibit differential rotation? If Jupiter and Saturn formed with nearly the same chemical composition, why might Jupiter be observed to have more helium than Saturn? Besides color, what is the difference between Jupiter s white ovals and brown ovals? Why might Jupiter s cloud layers be more compressed than Saturn s? The Discovery of Uranus In 1781 a new planet was discovered by W. Herschel Originally thought to be a comet! Herschel named it Georgium Sidus (George s Star) after King George III Name changed to Uranus to stay consistent with the mythological names of the other planets A New Method of Discovery It was noted that Uranus was not following its calculated orbit Another planet must be influencing its orbit Two scientists calculated where the new planet should be Astronomers looked at this location, and found Neptune! Galileo saw Neptune while looking at Jupiter s moons, but didn t realize what it was

3 Neptune is a cold, bluish world with Jupiter-like atmospheric features. Neptune has essentially the same atmospheric composition as Uranus Receives half the energy from the Sun as Uranus Continued contraction fuels Neptune s storms? The Atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune The atmospheres of both Uranus and Neptune are rich in hydrogen and helium Both have larger amounts of methane, giving them their blue color Methane crystals scatter blue light, and methane gas absorbs red light Both planets are very cold Uranus: 80K (-315 F) Neptune: 75K (-324 F) Densities: Uranus: 1.3 kg/liter Neptune: 1.6 kg/liter Uranus s Atmosphere Faint cloud markings became visible in images of Uranus only after extreme computer enhancement. The color is due to methane in the planet s atmosphere, which absorbs red light but reflects green and blue. The substances that make up the clouds on Jupiter and Saturn are not available on Uranus. Like wispy, high-altitude cirrus clouds in the Earth s atmosphere, these clouds are thought to be made of ice crystals. The difference is that Neptune s cirrus clouds are probably methane ice, not water ice. Neptune s Atmosphere Internal Structures of Uranus and Neptune Both Uranus and Neptune have a rocky core, resembling a terrestrial planet a mantle of liquid water with ammonia dissolved in it an outer layer of liquid molecular hydrogen and liquid helium ConceptCheck: If methane were absent from Uranus s atmosphere, what color would it appear? Why would scientists be surprised that Neptune had active belts and zones, unlike Uranus? Uranus s Axial Tilt The magnetic fields of Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn nearly align with their respective rotation axes. Major Moons Uranus is tipped almost 90 degrees to the ecliptic plane Possible that a collision early in its history tipped the axis, and splashed out material for its moons This inclination means that for half of Uranus orbit, one hemisphere is in uninterrupted daylight, and the other hemisphere is in darkness! In contrast, the magnetic and geographic poles of Uranus and Neptune differ greatly. Jupiter has 50 named + 14 provisional moons = 64 Galilean moons, discovered by Galileo, using his new telescope. Quite unusual moons! IO most volcanically active body in solar system EUROPA probably has a subsurface ocean GANYMEDE largest moon in system, larger than Mercury CALLISTO about same size as Mercury, has magnetic field TITAN very dense atmosphere TRITON retrograde motion, coldest object

4 Medium & large moons Enough self-gravity to be spherical Are or were geologically active. Have substantial amounts of ice. Small moons Far more numerous than the medium and large moons. Not enough gravity to be spherical: potatoshaped Satellites in the Outer Solar System Satellites of the giant planets range in size from larger than Mercury to small asteroid-like bodies Some of the satellites are in regular orbits (nearly circular, orbiting in the same direction that the planet spins, and near the planet s equator) Probably formed along with the planets Many of the orbits are irregular, and the satellites appear to be captured bodies Roche s Limit Uranus s has 27 Moons, best known being Miranda Roche limit is the minimum radius at which a satellite (held together by gravitational forces) may orbit without being broken apart by tidal forces. Saturn s rings are inside Saturn s Roche limit, so no moons can form from the particles. All ring particles would form a small moon about the mass of Janus. Miranda appears to have been shattered by an impact Long cracks or faults riddle its surface Huge 20 km cliffs, rolling Hills adjacent to wrinkled terrain The leading hypothesis for Miranda s appearance is that the complex pattern arose as the result of strong tectonic activity that broke the surface into plates Saturn has 53 named Moons, 9 provisional = 62 : Titan may be the most interesting in system Seeing Titan s Surface Titan has a thick atmosphere with a unique chemical composition. The haze surrounding Titan is so dense that little sunlight penetrates to the ground. Titan could have methane rain and lakes of liquid ethane! Visible/ infrared imagery Titan s rocks are chunks of water ice. Riverbeds meandering across the Xanadu highlands of Titan. These are believed to have formed by the flow of liquid methane and ethane.

5 Lakes on Titan: Possibly liquid hydrocarbons (ethane, methane) Neptune has 13 known Moons: Triton is one of the most unusual only major moon to orbit in a CW (retrograde) orbit A conspicuous absence of large craters Triton has a young surface on which the scars of ancient impacts have largely been erased by tectonic activity. Areas that resemble frozen lakes and may be the calderas of extinct ice volcanoes. A dimpled, wrinkled terrain that resembles the skin of a cantaloupe. TRITON Volcanically active (Nitrogen & methane) Triton currently has the record as the coldest body in solar system F (27 K above absolute zero) Colder than Pluto ConceptCheck: All of the Gas Giants Have Ring Systems Rings of Jupiter - Voyager back view and Galileo detailed image Prior to the Huygens probe, why was so little known about the surface of Titan? How was an atmosphere detected on Triton? Uranus Neptune Computer Enhanced false color image of Saturn s ring system Uranus has a system of 13 thin rings

6 The rings are NOT visible from earth or from earth orbit. The dim ring structure of Neptune was imaged by the Voyager spacecraft by blocking out the light from the central planet. Saturn s System of Rings Saturn is visible through the rings, which shows that the rings are not solid. The C ring is so faint that it is almost invisible in this view. Shepherd Satellites The Changing Views of Saturn s Rings Color Variations in Saturn s Rings A close examination of Saturn s rings shows that they are composed of tiny ringlets The thin rings of the gas giants are maintained by shepherd satellites The gravitational pull of these small moons keeps ring particles in line! Saturn s rings are tilted 27 from Saturn s orbital plane. As Saturn orbits, observers on Earth see the rings at various angles. The rings seem to disappear when viewed edge-on. Cassini images show the rings in natural color. Color variations are indicative of slight differences in chemical composition among particles in different parts of the rings. Earth based observations of Uranus rings Now we finally leave the confines of our planetary homes and venture out farther into the realm of the Sun

Jupiter and Saturn. Guiding Questions. Long orbital periods of Jupiter and Saturn cause favorable viewing times to shift

Jupiter and Saturn. Guiding Questions. Long orbital periods of Jupiter and Saturn cause favorable viewing times to shift Jupiter and Saturn 1 2 Guiding Questions 1. Why is the best month to see Jupiter different from one year to the next? 2. Why are there important differences between the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn?

More information

Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Gas Giant Planets. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Gas Giant Planets. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Florida Benchmarks SC.8.E.5.3 Distinguish the hierarchical relationships between planets and other astronomical bodies relative to solar system, galaxy, and universe, including distance, size, and composition.

More information

Our Planetary System. Chapter 7

Our Planetary System. Chapter 7 Our Planetary System Chapter 7 Key Concepts for Chapter 7 and 8 Inventory of the Solar System Origin of the Solar System What does the Solar System consist of? The Sun: It has 99.85% of the mass of the

More information

A Look at Our Solar System: The Sun, the planets and more. by Firdevs Duru

A Look at Our Solar System: The Sun, the planets and more. by Firdevs Duru A Look at Our Solar System: The Sun, the planets and more by Firdevs Duru Week 1 An overview of our place in the universe An overview of our solar system History of the astronomy Physics of motion of the

More information

Chapter 11 Jovian Planet Systems. Comparing the Jovian Planets. Jovian Planet Composition 4/10/16. Spacecraft Missions

Chapter 11 Jovian Planet Systems. Comparing the Jovian Planets. Jovian Planet Composition 4/10/16. Spacecraft Missions Chapter 11 Jovian Planet Systems Jovian Planet Interiors and Atmospheres How are jovian planets alike? What are jovian planets like on the inside? What is the weather like on jovian planets? Do jovian

More information

Chapter 11 Jovian Planet Systems

Chapter 11 Jovian Planet Systems Chapter 11 Jovian Planet Systems 11.1 A Different Kind of Planet Our goals for learning: Are jovian planets all alike? What are jovian planets like on the inside? What is the weather like on jovian planets?

More information

Chapter 11 Jovian Planet Systems. Jovian Planet Composition. Are jovian planets all alike? Density Differences. Density Differences

Chapter 11 Jovian Planet Systems. Jovian Planet Composition. Are jovian planets all alike? Density Differences. Density Differences Chapter 11 Jovian Planet Systems 11.1 A Different Kind of Planet Our goals for learning:! Are jovian planets all alike?! What are jovian planets like on the inside?! What is the weather like on jovian

More information

Chapter 11 Jovian Planet Systems. Jovian Planet Composition. Are jovian planets all alike? Density Differences. Density Differences

Chapter 11 Jovian Planet Systems. Jovian Planet Composition. Are jovian planets all alike? Density Differences. Density Differences Chapter 11 Jovian Planet Systems 11.1 A Different Kind of Planet Our goals for learning Are jovian planets all alike? What are jovian planets like on the inside? What is the weather like on jovian planets?

More information

Chapter 10 The Outer Planets

Chapter 10 The Outer Planets Chapter 10 The Outer Planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. The Outer Worlds Beyond the orbit of Mars,

More information

Chapter 11 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Jovian Planet Systems Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 11 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Jovian Planet Systems Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Jovian Planet Systems Jovian Planet Systems 11.1 A Different Kind of Planet Our goals for learning: Are jovian planets all alike? What are jovian

More information

Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems

Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems How do jovian planets differ from terrestrials? They are much larger than terrestrial planets They do not have solid surfaces The things they are made of are quite different

More information

Jovian Planet Systems

Jovian Planet Systems Jovian Planet Systems Reading: Chapter 14.1-14.5 Jovian Planet Systems Voyager 1 and 2 explored the outer planets in the 1970s and 1980s. The Galileo spacecraft circled Jupiter dozens of times in the late

More information

Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems

Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems How do jovian planets differ from terrestrials? They are much larger than terrestrial planets They do not have solid surfaces The things they are made of are quite different

More information

Uranus & Neptune: The Ice Giants. Discovery of Uranus. Bode s Law. Discovery of Neptune

Uranus & Neptune: The Ice Giants. Discovery of Uranus. Bode s Law. Discovery of Neptune Uranus & Neptune: The Ice Giants Discovery of Uranus Discovery of Uranus & Neptune Properties Density & Composition Internal Heat Source Magnetic fields Rings Uranus Rotational Axis by William Herschel

More information

Chapter 11 Jovian Planet Systems

Chapter 11 Jovian Planet Systems Chapter 11 Jovian Planet Systems 11.1 A Different Kind of Planet Our goals for learning: Are jovian planets all alike? What are jovian planets like on the inside? What is the weather like on jovian planets?

More information

Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems

Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems 8.1 A Different Kind of Planet Goals for learning: How are jovian planets different from terrestrials? What are jovian planets made of? What are jovian planets like on the

More information

The Jovian Planets. Why do we expect planets like this in the outer reaches of the solar system?(lc)

The Jovian Planets. Why do we expect planets like this in the outer reaches of the solar system?(lc) The Jovian Planets Beyond Mars and the Asteroid belt are the Jovian or Gas Giant Planets that are totally different than the terrestrial planets: They are composed almost entirely of gas They do not have

More information

Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems

Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems How do jovian planets differ from terrestrials? They are much larger than terrestrial planets They do not have solid surfaces The things they are made of are quite different

More information

Similarities & Differences to Inner Planets

Similarities & Differences to Inner Planets Similarities & Differences to Inner Planets Jupiter Jupiter: Basic Characteristics Mass = 1.898 10 27 kg (318 x Earth) Radius = 71,492 km (11x Earth) Albedo (reflectivity) = 0.34 (Earth = 0.39) Average

More information

Chapter 8 2/19/2014. Lecture Outline. 8.1 The Galilean Moons of Jupiter. Moons, Rings, and Plutoids. 8.1 The Galilean Moons of Jupiter

Chapter 8 2/19/2014. Lecture Outline. 8.1 The Galilean Moons of Jupiter. Moons, Rings, and Plutoids. 8.1 The Galilean Moons of Jupiter Lecture Outline Chapter 8 Moons, Rings, and Plutoids All four Jovian planets have extensive moon systems, and more are continually being discovered. The Galilean moons of Jupiter are those observed by

More information

Unit 8. The Outer Planets

Unit 8. The Outer Planets Unit 8 The Outer Planets The Outer Worlds Beyond the orbit of Mars, the low temperatures of the solar nebula allowed condensing bodies there to capture hydrogen and hydrogen-rich gases This, together with

More information

11.2 A Wealth of Worlds: Satellites of Ice and Rock

11.2 A Wealth of Worlds: Satellites of Ice and Rock 11.2 A Wealth of Worlds: Satellites of Ice and Rock Our goals for learning: What kinds of moons orbit the jovian planets? Why are Jupiter's Galilean moons so geologically active? What is remarkable about

More information

Jupiter & Saturn. Moons of the Planets. Jupiter s Galilean satellites are easily seen with Earth-based telescopes. The Moons

Jupiter & Saturn. Moons of the Planets. Jupiter s Galilean satellites are easily seen with Earth-based telescopes. The Moons The Moons Jupiter & Saturn Earth 1 Mars 2 Jupiter 63 Saturn 47 Uranus 27 Neptune 13 Pluto 3 Moons of the Planets Galileo (1610) found the first four moons of Jupiter. Total 156 (as of Nov. 8, 2005) Shortened

More information

Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems

Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems They are much larger than terrestrial planets They do not have solid surfaces The things they are made of are quite different Terrestrial planets are made principally of

More information

Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems

Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems Chapter 8 Jovian Planet Systems They are much larger than terrestrial planets They do not have solid surfaces The things they are made of are quite different Terrestrial planets are made principally of

More information

ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section X

ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section X ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section X Dr. Donald G. Luttermoser Department of Physics and Astronomy East Tennessee State University Edition 2.0 Abstract These class notes are designed for use of

More information

Moons of Sol Lecture 13 3/5/2018

Moons of Sol Lecture 13 3/5/2018 Moons of Sol Lecture 13 3/5/2018 Tidal locking We always see the same face of the Moon. This means: period of orbit = period of spin Top view of Moon orbiting Earth Earth Why? The tidal bulge in the solid

More information

Universe Now. 4. Solar System II: Jovian planets

Universe Now. 4. Solar System II: Jovian planets Universe Now 4. Solar System II: Jovian planets An overview of the known Solar System The Sun 4 terrestrial planets: Mercury, Venus, The Earth, Mars 4 Jovian planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune 5

More information

The Fathers of the Gods: Jupiter and Saturn

The Fathers of the Gods: Jupiter and Saturn The Fathers of the Gods: Jupiter and Saturn Learning Objectives! Order all the planets by size and distance from the Sun! How are clouds on Jupiter (and Saturn) different to the Earth? What 2 factors drive

More information

Jupiter and Saturn s Satellites of Fire and Ice. Chapter Fifteen. Guiding Questions

Jupiter and Saturn s Satellites of Fire and Ice. Chapter Fifteen. Guiding Questions Jupiter and Saturn s Satellites of Fire and Ice Chapter Fifteen Guiding Questions 1. What is special about the orbits of Jupiter s Galilean satellites? 2. Are all the Galilean satellites made of rocky

More information

11/11/08 Announce: Chapter 9. Jupiter. The Outer Worlds. Jupiter s Interior. Jupiter 11/11/2008. The Outer Planets

11/11/08 Announce: Chapter 9. Jupiter. The Outer Worlds. Jupiter s Interior. Jupiter 11/11/2008. The Outer Planets 11/11/08 Announce: Can take AST 302 for Advanced Honors credit Will be late for office hours tomorrow Thursday: Meet in Library 229 computer lab Project Part II Due Thursday Email in plain text (no Microsoft

More information

After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:

After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: CHAPTER 16 4 Moons SECTION Our Solar System California Science Standards 8.2.g, 8.4.d, 8.4.e BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How did Earth s moon

More information

2. Which of the following planets has exactly two moons? A) Venus B) Mercury C) Uranus D) Mars E) Neptune

2. Which of the following planets has exactly two moons? A) Venus B) Mercury C) Uranus D) Mars E) Neptune Summer 2015 Astronomy - Test 2 Test form A Name Do not forget to write your name and fill in the bubbles with your student number, and fill in test form A on the answer sheet. Write your name above as

More information

Lecture #11: Plan. Terrestrial Planets (cont d) Jovian Planets

Lecture #11: Plan. Terrestrial Planets (cont d) Jovian Planets Lecture #11: Plan Terrestrial Planets (cont d) Jovian Planets Mercury (review) Density = 5.4 kg / liter.. ~ Earth s Rocky mantle + iron/nickel core Slow spin: 59 days (orbital period = 88 days) No satellites

More information

Earth, Uranus, Neptune & Pluto. 14a. Uranus & Neptune. The Discovery of Uranus. Uranus Data: Numbers. Uranus Data (Table 14-1)

Earth, Uranus, Neptune & Pluto. 14a. Uranus & Neptune. The Discovery of Uranus. Uranus Data: Numbers. Uranus Data (Table 14-1) 14a. Uranus & Neptune The discovery of Uranus & Neptune Uranus is oddly tilted & nearly featureless Neptune is cold & blue Uranus & Neptune are like yet dislike Jupiter The magnetic fields of Uranus &

More information

Jupiter and its Moons

Jupiter and its Moons Jupiter and its Moons Summary 1. At an average distance of over 5 AU, Jupiter takes nearly 12 years to orbit the Sun 2. Jupiter is by far the largest and most massive planet in the solar system being over

More information

Uranus and Neptune. Uranus and Neptune Properties. Discovery of Uranus

Uranus and Neptune. Uranus and Neptune Properties. Discovery of Uranus Uranus and Neptune Uranus and Neptune are much smaller than Jupiter and Saturn, but still giants compared to Earth Both are worlds we know relatively little about Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to visit

More information

Lecture Outlines. Chapter 11. Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Outlines. Chapter 11. Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Outlines Chapter 11 Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Chapter 11 Jupiter Units of Chapter 11 11.1 Orbital and Physical Properties 11.2 Jupiter s Atmosphere Discovery 11.1 A Cometary

More information

10/6/16. Observing the Universe with Gravitational Waves

10/6/16. Observing the Universe with Gravitational Waves Lecture Outline Observing the Universe with Gravitational Waves Thursday, October 13 7:00 PM Bell Museum Auditorium This event is free and open to the public, and will be followed by telescope observing.

More information

Astronomy. Uranus Neptune & Remote Worlds

Astronomy. Uranus Neptune & Remote Worlds Astronomy A. Dayle Hancock adhancock@wm.edu Small 239 Office hours: MTWR 10-11am Uranus Neptune & Remote Worlds Uranus and Neptune Orbits and Atmospheres Internal Structure Magnetic Fields Rings Uranus's

More information

1781: Uranus Discovered. The Outer Worlds. 1846: Neptune Discovered. Distance Comparison. Uranus Rotates Sideways. Exaggerated Seasons On Uranus

1781: Uranus Discovered. The Outer Worlds. 1846: Neptune Discovered. Distance Comparison. Uranus Rotates Sideways. Exaggerated Seasons On Uranus The Outer Worlds 1781: Discovered (accidentally!) by William Herschel using a 6 inch telescope [he thought it was a comet!] 2 Draft 12/03/2006 Updated May 05, 2011 1846: Discovered Le Verrier: proposed

More information

Astro 101 Lecture 12 The Jovian Planets

Astro 101 Lecture 12 The Jovian Planets Astro 101 Lecture 12 The Jovian Planets 2-28-2018 Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune ASTR-101 Section 004 Bulk Properties of Terrestrial and Jovian Planets All Jovian planets have strong magnetic fields

More information

The Outer Planets (pages )

The Outer Planets (pages ) The Outer Planets (pages 720 727) Gas Giants and Pluto (page 721) Key Concept: The first four outer planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are much larger and more massive than Earth, and they do

More information

The Gas Giants Astronomy Lesson 13

The Gas Giants Astronomy Lesson 13 The Gas Giants Astronomy Lesson 13 The four outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, are much larger and more massive than Earth, and they do not have solid surfaces. Because these planets

More information

Solar System revised.notebook October 12, 2016 Solar Nebula Theory

Solar System revised.notebook October 12, 2016 Solar Nebula Theory Solar System revised.notebook The Solar System Solar Nebula Theory Solar Nebula was a rotating disk of dust and gas w/ a dense center dense center eventually becomes the sun start to condense b/c of gravity

More information

Astronomy November, 2016 Introduction to Astronomy: The Solar System. Mid-term Exam 3. Practice Version. Name (written legibly):

Astronomy November, 2016 Introduction to Astronomy: The Solar System. Mid-term Exam 3. Practice Version. Name (written legibly): Astronomy 101 16 November, 2016 Introduction to Astronomy: The Solar System Mid-term Exam 3 Practice Version Name (written legibly): Honor Pledge: On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized

More information

Chapter 11 The Jovian Planets

Chapter 11 The Jovian Planets Chapter 11 The Jovian Planets The Jovian planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune Using Venus transit it was possible to get a good value of the AU (1639). Knowing the AU, it is possible to calculate

More information

NSCI SEARCHING FOR LIFE IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM: MOONS OF THE OUTER PLANETS PLUS: WHY IS PLUTO NO LONGER CNSIDERED A PLANET?

NSCI SEARCHING FOR LIFE IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM: MOONS OF THE OUTER PLANETS PLUS: WHY IS PLUTO NO LONGER CNSIDERED A PLANET? NSCI 314 LIFE IN THE COSMOS 11 - SEARCHING FOR LIFE IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM: MOONS OF THE OUTER PLANETS PLUS: WHY IS PLUTO NO LONGER CNSIDERED A PLANET? Dr. Karen Kolehmainen Department of Physics CSUSB http://physics.csusb.edu/~karen/

More information

The Outermost Planets. The 7 Wanderers known since Antiquity. Uranus and Neptune distinctly Blue-ish!

The Outermost Planets. The 7 Wanderers known since Antiquity. Uranus and Neptune distinctly Blue-ish! The Outermost Planets The 7 Wanderers known since Antiquity. Uranus and Neptune distinctly Blue-ish! Uranus Uranus and 3 of its moons, barely visible from Earth. Discovered by William Herschel 1781. (Accidentally!)

More information

UNIT 3: Chapter 8: The Solar System (pages )

UNIT 3: Chapter 8: The Solar System (pages ) CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be turned in to your teacher

More information

Lecture 11 The Structure and Atmospheres of the Outer Planets October 9, 2017

Lecture 11 The Structure and Atmospheres of the Outer Planets October 9, 2017 Lecture 11 The Structure and Atmospheres of the Outer Planets October 9, 2017 1 2 Jovian Planets 3 Jovian Planets -- Basic Information Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Distance 5.2 AU 9.5 AU 19 AU 30 AU Spin

More information

Lecture #27: Saturn. The Main Point. The Jovian Planets. Basic Properties of Saturn. Saturn:

Lecture #27: Saturn. The Main Point. The Jovian Planets. Basic Properties of Saturn. Saturn: Lecture #27: Saturn Saturn: General properties. Atmosphere. Interior. Origin and evolution. Reading: Chapters 7.1 (Saturn) and 11.1. The Main Point Saturn is a large Jovian-class planet with a composition

More information

Label next 2 pages in ISN Gas Giants. Make sure the following assignments are turned in:

Label next 2 pages in ISN Gas Giants. Make sure the following assignments are turned in: Do Now: Label next 2 pages in ISN Gas Giants Make sure the following assignments are turned in: A3K Article Analysis Small Group Test Corrections Form (if applicable) Astronomical Bodies in The Solar System

More information

Jupiter. Jupiter is the third-brightest object in the night sky (after the Moon and Venus). Exploration by Spacecrafts

Jupiter. Jupiter is the third-brightest object in the night sky (after the Moon and Venus). Exploration by Spacecrafts Jupiter Orbit, Rotation Physical Properties Atmosphere, surface Interior Magnetosphere Moons (Voyager 1) Jupiter is the third-brightest object in the night sky (after the Moon and Venus). Exploration by

More information

Lecture 24: Saturn. The Solar System. Saturn s Rings. First we focus on solar distance, average density, and mass: (where we have used Earth units)

Lecture 24: Saturn. The Solar System. Saturn s Rings. First we focus on solar distance, average density, and mass: (where we have used Earth units) Lecture 24: Saturn The Solar System First we focus on solar distance, average density, and mass: Planet Distance Density Mass Mercury 0.4 1.0 0.06 Venus 0.7 0.9 0.8 Earth 1.0 1.0 1.0 Mars 1.5 0.7 0.1 (asteroid)

More information

Did you know that ALL Jovian Planets have rings??

Did you know that ALL Jovian Planets have rings?? Outer Planets Did you know that ALL Jovian Planets have rings?? Jupiter: faint, dusty rings Saturn: bright, spectacular rings Uranus: dark, thin rings Neptune: dark, thin rings & ring arcs PLANET DATA

More information

The Solar System 6/23

The Solar System 6/23 6/23 The Solar System I. Earth A. Earth is the prototype terrestrial planet 1. Only planet in the solar system (we know of so far) with life 2. Temperature 290 K B. Physical Characteristics 1. Mass: 6

More information

Earth, Uranus, Neptune & Pluto

Earth, Uranus, Neptune & Pluto 14a. Uranus, Neptune & Pluto The discovery of Uranus & Neptune Uranus is oddly tilted & nearly featureless Neptune is cold & blue Uranus & Neptune are like yet dislike Jupiter The magnetic fields of Uranus

More information

Exam# 2 Review. Exam #2 is Wednesday November 8th at 10:40 AM in room FLG-280

Exam# 2 Review. Exam #2 is Wednesday November 8th at 10:40 AM in room FLG-280 Exam# 2 Review Exam #2 is Wednesday November 8th at 10:40 AM in room FLG-280 Bring Gator 1 ID card Bring pencil #2 with eraser No use of calculator or any electronic device during the exam We provide the

More information

Saturn. Slightly smaller 1/3 the mass density 700 kg/m 3. Interior - light elements, lack of rocky materials. Voyager 2, NASA

Saturn. Slightly smaller 1/3 the mass density 700 kg/m 3. Interior - light elements, lack of rocky materials. Voyager 2, NASA Saturn Slightly smaller 1/3 the mass density 700 kg/m 3 Interior - light elements, lack of rocky materials Voyager 2, NASA 1 Saturn - Atmosphere belts - driven by rapid rotation period - 10 hrs 14 min

More information

Our Solar System and Its Place in the Universe

Our Solar System and Its Place in the Universe Our Solar System and Its Place in the Universe The Formation of the Solar System Our Solar System includes: Planets Dwarf Planets Moons Small Solar System bodies Sun Outer portion created Planets and their

More information

Earth & Space Science ~ The Solar System

Earth & Space Science ~ The Solar System Earth & Space Science ~ The Solar System In e r Sci Uni 11 I. Sun, Earth & Moon A. The Solar System 1. the sun & the objects orbiting it a. incl. 8 planets, other stars, asteroids, meteoroids, dwarf planets,

More information

3. The name of a particularly large member of the asteroid belt is A) Halley B) Charon C) Eris D) Ceres E) Triton

3. The name of a particularly large member of the asteroid belt is A) Halley B) Charon C) Eris D) Ceres E) Triton Summer 2013 Astronomy - Test 2 Test form A Name Do not forget to write your name and fill in the bubbles with your student number, and fill in test form A on the answer sheet. Write your name above as

More information

The Jovian Planets and Their Moons

The Jovian Planets and Their Moons The Jovian Planets and Their Moons Jupiter 1 Physical Properties of Earth and Jupiter Jupiter Earth Equatorial lradius 11.2 R Earth 6378 km Mass 318 M Earth 5.976 10 24 kg Average Density 1.34 g/cm 3 5.497

More information

The Giant Planets [10]

The Giant Planets [10] The Giant Planets [10] Distance Period Diameter Mass Rotation Tilt (au) (yrs) (hrs) (deg) Earth 1 1 1 1 24.0 23 Jupiter 5.2 11.9 11.2 318 9.9 3 Saturn 9.5 29.5 9.4 95 10.7 27 Uranus 19.2 84.1 4.0 14 17.2

More information

Page Uranus. Uranus's Structure

Page Uranus. Uranus's Structure Page 270 10.3 Uranus Uranus, although small compared with Jupiter and Saturn, is much larger than the Earth. Its diameter is about 4 times that of the Earth, and its mass is about 15 Earth masses. Lying

More information

Overview of Solar System

Overview of Solar System Overview of Solar System The solar system is a disk Rotation of sun, orbits of planets all in same direction. Most planets rotate in this same sense. (Venus, Uranus, Pluto are exceptions). Angular momentum

More information

NSCI 314 LIFE IN THE COSMOS

NSCI 314 LIFE IN THE COSMOS NSCI 314 LIFE IN THE COSMOS 10 - SEARCHING FOR LIFE IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM: THE OUTER PLANETS AND THEIR MOONS Dr. Karen Kolehmainen Department of Physics CSUSB http://physics.csusb.edu/~karen/ JUPITER DIAMETER:

More information

12. Jovian Planet Systems Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Addison Wesley

12. Jovian Planet Systems Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Addison Wesley 12. Jovian Planet Systems Jovian Planet Properties Compared to the terrestrial planets, the Jovians: are much larger & more massive 2. are composed mostly of Hydrogen, Helium, & Hydrogen compounds 3. have

More information

The Solar System. Tour of the Solar System

The Solar System. Tour of the Solar System The Solar System Tour of the Solar System The Sun more later 8 planets Mercury Venus Earth more later Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Various other objects Asteroids Comets Pluto The Terrestrial Planets

More information

Astronomy. physics.wm.edu/~hancock/171/ A. Dayle Hancock. Small 239. Office hours: MTWR 10-11am. Page 1

Astronomy.  physics.wm.edu/~hancock/171/ A. Dayle Hancock. Small 239. Office hours: MTWR 10-11am. Page 1 Astronomy A. Dayle Hancock adhancock@wm.edu Small 239 Office hours: MTWR 10-11am Planetology I Terrestrial and Jovian planets Similarities/differences between planetary satellites Surface and atmosphere

More information

Inner and Outer Planets

Inner and Outer Planets Inner and Outer Planets SPI 0607.6.2 Explain how the relative distance of objects from the earth affects how they appear. Inner Planets Terrestrial planets are those that are closest to the Sun. Terrestrial

More information

The Jovian Planets. The Jovian planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune

The Jovian Planets. The Jovian planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune The Jovian planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune Their masses are large compared with terrestrial planets, from 15 to 320 times the Earth s mass They are gaseous Low density All of them have rings

More information

Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Outer Worlds 4/19/07

Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Outer Worlds 4/19/07 The : Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto Reading Assignment Finish Chapter 17 Announcements 6 th homework due on Tuesday, April 24 Quiz on Tuesday, April 24 (will cover all lectures since the last exam and Chapters

More information

LEARNING ABOUT THE OUTER PLANETS. NASA's Cassini spacecraft. Io Above Jupiter s Clouds on New Year's Day, Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona

LEARNING ABOUT THE OUTER PLANETS. NASA's Cassini spacecraft. Io Above Jupiter s Clouds on New Year's Day, Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona LEARNING ABOUT THE OUTER PLANETS Can see basic features through Earth-based telescopes. Hubble Space Telescope especially useful because of sharp imaging. Distances from Kepler s 3 rd law, diameters from

More information

Welcome to the Solar System

Welcome to the Solar System Welcome to the Solar System How vast those Orbs must be, and how inconsiderable this Earth, the Theater upon which all our mighty Designs, all our Navigations, and all our Wars are transacted, is when

More information

Starting from closest to the Sun, name the orbiting planets in order.

Starting from closest to the Sun, name the orbiting planets in order. Chapter 9 Section 1: Our Solar System Solar System: The solar system includes the sun, planets and many smaller structures. A planet and its moon(s) make up smaller systems in the solar system. Scientist

More information

Directed Reading B. Section: The Outer Planets

Directed Reading B. Section: The Outer Planets Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section: The Outer Planets 1. What is one way that gas giants differ from the terrestrial planets? a. They are much smaller. b. They are rocky and icy. c. They are made

More information

Inner and Outer Planets

Inner and Outer Planets Inner and Outer Planets Inner Planets Terrestrial planets are those that are closest to the Sun. Terrestrial planets are made mostly of rock and have similar characteristics to Earth. There are four terrestrial

More information

Astronomy 1140 Quiz 4 Review

Astronomy 1140 Quiz 4 Review Astronomy 1140 Quiz 4 Review Anil Pradhan November 16, 2017 I Jupiter 1. How do Jupiter s mass, size, day and year compare to Earth s? Mass: 318 Earth masses (or about 1/1000th the mass of the Sun). Radius:

More information

Uranus & Neptune, The Ice Giants

Uranus & Neptune, The Ice Giants Uranus & Neptune, The Ice Giants What We Will Learn Today How & When were Uranus & Neptune discovered? How are the interiors and weather on these planets? Why is Neptune as warm as Uranus? What are their

More information

The Jovian Planets (Gas Giants)

The Jovian Planets (Gas Giants) The Jovian Planets (Gas Giants) Discoveries and known to ancient astronomers. discovered in 1781 by Sir William Herschel (England). discovered in 1845 by Johann Galle (Germany). Predicted to exist by John

More information

The Outer Planets. Video Script: The Outer Planets. Visual Learning Company

The Outer Planets. Video Script: The Outer Planets. Visual Learning Company 11 Video Script: 1. For thousands of years people have looked up at the night sky pondering the limits of our solar system. 2. Perhaps you too, have looked up at the evening stars and planets, and wondered

More information

Announcements THE OUTER PLANETS

Announcements THE OUTER PLANETS Announcements! Tonight s observing session is on!! The 8 th LearningCurve activity was due earlier today! Assignment 8 and Quiz 8 will be due on Tue. Nov. 22 1 THE OUTER PLANETS! This section deals with

More information

Chapter 7 Our Planetary System

Chapter 7 Our Planetary System Chapter 7 Our Planetary System What does the solar system look like? Earth, as viewed by the Voyager spacecraft Eight major planets with nearly circular orbits Pluto is smaller than the major planets and

More information

Which of the following statements best describes the general pattern of composition among the four jovian

Which of the following statements best describes the general pattern of composition among the four jovian Part A Which of the following statements best describes the general pattern of composition among the four jovian planets? Hint A.1 Major categories of ingredients in planetary composition The following

More information

Chapter 10. The Outer Planets. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Chapter 10. The Outer Planets. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 10 The Outer Planets Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. The Outer Worlds Beyond the orbit of Mars, the low temperatures of the solar

More information

Lesson 3 The Outer Planets

Lesson 3 The Outer Planets Lesson 3 Student Labs and Activities Page Launch Lab 44 Content Vocabulary 45 Lesson Outline 46 MiniLab 48 Content Practice A 49 Content Practice B 50 Language Arts Support 51 Math Skills 53 School to

More information

Astronomy Ch. 11 Jupiter. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Astronomy Ch. 11 Jupiter. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Name: Period: Date: Astronomy Ch. 11 Jupiter MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Jupiter is noticeably oblate because: A) it has a

More information

7. Our Solar System. Planetary Orbits to Scale. The Eight Planetary Orbits

7. Our Solar System. Planetary Orbits to Scale. The Eight Planetary Orbits 7. Our Solar System Terrestrial & Jovian planets Seven large satellites [moons] Chemical composition of the planets Asteroids & comets The Terrestrial & Jovian Planets Four small terrestrial planets Like

More information

Exploring The Planets: Jupiter

Exploring The Planets: Jupiter Exploring The Planets: Jupiter By Encyclopaedia Britannica, adapted by Newsela staff on 08.28.17 Word Count 691 Level 800L New Horizons spacecraft took this collection of images of Jupiter and Io in 2007.

More information

Solar System Research Teacher Notes The Sun

Solar System Research Teacher Notes The Sun The Sun G-type main sequence star (G2V), also known as a yellow dwarf Mass = 1.99 x 10 30 kg or 333,000 Earths. Volume = 1.41 x 10 18 km 3 or 1,300,000 Earths. Density (average) = 1.41 g/cm 3 or 0.255

More information

1 of 5 4/21/2015 6:40 PM

1 of 5 4/21/2015 6:40 PM 1 of 5 4/21/2015 6:40 PM 1. Which of the following lists the outer planets in order of increasing mass?,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. The surface structure of 's largest satellite, Titan, is completely unknown because

More information

3. Titan is a moon that orbits A) Jupiter B) Mars C) Saturn D) Neptune E) Uranus

3. Titan is a moon that orbits A) Jupiter B) Mars C) Saturn D) Neptune E) Uranus Fall 2013 Astronomy - Test 2 Test form A Name Do not forget to write your name and fill in the bubbles with your student number, and fill in test form A on the answer sheet. Write your name above as well.

More information

Lecture: Planetology. Part II: Solar System Planetology. Orbits of Planets. Rotational Oddities. A. Structure of Solar System. B.

Lecture: Planetology. Part II: Solar System Planetology. Orbits of Planets. Rotational Oddities. A. Structure of Solar System. B. Part II: Solar System Planetology 2 A. Structure of Solar System B. Planetology Lecture: Planetology C. The Planets and Moons Updated: 2012Feb10 A. Components of Solar System 3 Orbits of Planets 4 1. Planets

More information

Chapter 10 Worlds of Gas and Liquid- The Giant Planets. 21st CENTURY ASTRONOMY Fifth EDITION Kay Palen Blumenthal

Chapter 10 Worlds of Gas and Liquid- The Giant Planets. 21st CENTURY ASTRONOMY Fifth EDITION Kay Palen Blumenthal Chapter 10 Worlds of Gas and Liquid- The Giant Planets 21st CENTURY ASTRONOMY Fifth EDITION Kay Palen Blumenthal What is a storm on Saturn like? The Giant Planets, Part 1 Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

More information

Ch 23 Touring Our Solar System 23.1 The Solar System 23.2 The Terrestrial Planet 23.3 The Outer Planets 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System

Ch 23 Touring Our Solar System 23.1 The Solar System 23.2 The Terrestrial Planet 23.3 The Outer Planets 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System Ch 23 Touring Our Solar System 23.1 The Solar System 23.2 The Terrestrial Planet 23.3 The Outer Planets 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System Ch 23.1 The Solar System Terrestrial planets- Small Rocky

More information

Saturn and Planetary Rings 4/5/07

Saturn and Planetary Rings 4/5/07 Saturn and Planetary Rings Announcements Reading Assignment Chapter 15 5 th homework due next Thursday, April 12 (currently posted on the website). Reminder about term paper due April 17. There will be

More information

ASTR 1050: Survey of Astronomy Fall 2012 PRACTICE Exam #2 Instructor: Michael Brotherton Covers Solar System and Exoplanet Topics

ASTR 1050: Survey of Astronomy Fall 2012 PRACTICE Exam #2 Instructor: Michael Brotherton Covers Solar System and Exoplanet Topics ASTR 1050: Survey of Astronomy Fall 2012 PRACTICE Exam #2 Instructor: Michael Brotherton Covers Solar System and Exoplanet Topics Instructions This exam is closed book and closed notes, although you may

More information

Lecture 23: Jupiter. Solar System. Jupiter s Orbit. The semi-major axis of Jupiter s orbit is a = 5.2 AU

Lecture 23: Jupiter. Solar System. Jupiter s Orbit. The semi-major axis of Jupiter s orbit is a = 5.2 AU Lecture 23: Jupiter Solar System Jupiter s Orbit The semi-major axis of Jupiter s orbit is a = 5.2 AU Jupiter Sun a Kepler s third law relates the semi-major axis to the orbital period 1 Jupiter s Orbit

More information