Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it evolving? Heidi B. Hammel Space Science Institute Boulder, CO
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1 Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it evolving? Heidi B. Hammel Space Science Institute Boulder, CO
2 hunting for answers Constellation of Orion the Hunter, by John Gavreau
3 Hubble Space Telescope, WFPC2 Credit: C.R. O'Dell (Rice University), and NASA Orion Nebula
4 Orion Nebula Detail
5 Hubble Space Telescope ACS Credit: NASA/ESA and L. Ricci (ESO) Orion s proto-planetary disks (proplyds)
6 how do you get from this Proplyd in Orion Hubble Space Telescope ACS Credit: NASA/ESA and L. Ricci (ESO)
7 to this? distances NOT to scale! relative planet sizes are scaled to the Sun Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
8 the story in 1988
9 humpty dumpty pushed in QB1 kuiper belt detected (beginning of the end of Pluto s
10 the REAL solar system Outer Solar System 8 November 2010 Data: Minor Planet Center Inner Solar System 8 November 2010 Data: Minor Planet Center
11 humpty dumpty shoved in mid 1990s planetary migration theory
12 kuiper belt - pluto and his 10,000 closest friends and relations
13 orbits of Kuiper Belt Objects centaurs scattered disk 3:2 2:1 5:2 classical disk NEPTUNE
14 humpty dumpty fell in 1995 exoplanets more exoplanets AND MORE EXOPLANETS 490 planets around other stars 9 November 2010 planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov
15 Solar System STAR INCREASING DISTANCE FROM STAR you are here other planetary systems
16 how do we put humpty dumpty together again?
17 how to build a solar system I of 7 according to Hal Levison et al. Stage 1 cloud collapse
18 how to build a solar system 2 of 7 according to Hal Levison et al. Stage 2 Disks form
19 how to build a solar system 3 of 7 according to Hal Levison et al. Stage 3 planetesimals form Composite by Emily Lackdawalla The Planetary Society
20 how to build a solar system 4 of 7 according to Hal Levison et al. Stage 4 protoplanets form NASA, ESA, JPL, and A. Feild (STScI)
21 how to build a solar system 5 of 7 according to Hal Levison et al. Stage 5 planets form Artist s concept; credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
22 how to build a solar system 6 of 7 according to Hal Levison et al. Stage 6 gas accretion Simulation credit: Thomas Quinn, U. Washington
23 how to build a solar system 7 of 7 according to Hal Levison et al. Stage 7 dynamical redistribution N U S J R. Gomes, H. F. Levison, K. Tsiganis and A. Morbidelli Nature 435,
24 solar system formation is complex and messy smooshing and smashing! whooshing and crashing! understanding solar system formation very much a work in progress
25 AND FURTHERMORE THE SOLAR SYSTEM ITSELF IS A WORK IN PROGRESS
26 impacts happen NOW
27 impacts happen NOW
28 First Hubble science image with WFC3 July 2009
29 10,000 mi 16,100 km 3.4
30 Jupiter smashed AGAIN in June 2010 and AGAIN in August 2010
31 prototype smashers & crashers
32 delivering water, everywhere Phoenix Lander on Mars
33 water on the moon
34 speaking of WATER
35 we were talking about WATER, right?
36 planetary evolution
37 planetary evolution science and social networking
38 atmospheric change on uranus
39 voyager uranus in "
40 keck uranus in "
41 seasonal change
42 evolving rings (epsilon) (zeta) Published in Science (23 August 2007), "The Dark Side of the Rings of Uranus," by I. de Pater, H. B. Hammel, M. Showalter, and M. van Dam
43 uranus turns neptunish there ain t no such thing as a static planet...
44 immediate future for solar system The New York Times Tuesday, November 9, 2010 nytimes.com/pages/science me
45 immediate future for solar system Upcoming Planetary Science Missions 2010 Nov 04 - EPOXI encounters Comet Hartley 2 Nov 19 - Launch of O/OREOS Dec 07 - Venus Climate Orbiter (JAXA) arrives at Venus 2011 Feb 14 - Stardust NExT encounters comet Tempel 1 Mar 07 - Planetary Decadal Survey released Mar 18 - MESSENGER orbit insertion at Mercury July - Dawn reaches asteroid Vesta Aug 05 - Juno launch to Jupiter Sep 08 -GRAIL launch to the Moon Nov 25 -MSL launch to Mars 2012 Mid Mars Opportunity Rover at Endeavour Crater! Mid Dawn leaves Vesta for its journey to Ceres
46 far future?
47 Earth Saturn in backlit beauty
48
49 Earth, as seen by Voyager from 4 billion miles away We shall not cease from exploration And the end of all our exploring Will be to arrive where we started And know the place for the first time. - T. S. Eliot, Little Gidding, No. 4 of 'Four Quartets
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