Plant Nutrient Estimation System

Transcription

1 Plant Nutrient Estimatin System S. G. Galande 1, Dr. G.H. Agarwal 2, Mrs. S. S. Barve 3 1 Assciate prfessrp.r.e.c.,lni, Ahmednagar,Maharashtra,India 2 Prfessr & Dean,KDKCOE,Nagpur 3 (ME-II-VLSI & Embeded)P.R.E.C., Lni, Ahmednagar Abstract- Nitrgen (N), phsphrus (P), Ptassium (K) is ne f the essential macrnutrients fr plant grwth and develpment. Hwever, NPK cntent in sils is usually limited s that the crp yields are restricted. Plants may adapt t NPK deficient envirnment by adjusting their physilgical and mrphlgical status, indicating that plants may have evlved their sensing and signaling mechanisms in respnse t NPK. This shrt review particularly discusses sme cmpnents as pssible sensrs r signal transducers invlved in plant sensing. There has been a significant grwth, in the Agriculture field. Nw every functin ranging frm temperature cntrl t prvide nutrient t plant is cntrlled by electrnic system. This is a trend that is expected t cntinue as plant prducer t attempt t make further advancements in prductivity, safety and reliability as well as incrprated int future autmtive design. Keywrds: Plant nutrient, agriculture, fertilisers, sensr, Buguer law I. INTRODUCTION As envirnmental cncerns cntinue t escalate and agriculture prductin becmes mre scrutinized, new fertilizer applicatin practices will cntinue t be researched with the gal f increasing fertilizer use efficiency. We are aware f the farm fertility and prductivity in India. Traditinally, fertilizers r ther crp inputs have been applied t plants withut cnsidering spatial variability f field characteristics. Such agricultural management may be inefficient due t under-applicatin and ver-applicatin f field inputs in plant. Due t d nt reach ptimum levels f yield whereas in ver-treated. There may be high risk f pllutin f the envirnment and increases f csts. At present agriculture scientist are testing plant health and fertilizer in labratry. This analysis prcess is labrius and time cnsuming and can be used nly in labratry. The plant nutrient estimatin system will reduce labr and time and imprve accuracy it can be prtable and field usable. The nutrients N, P and K play critical rle in plant grwth and develpment and many times referred as cmplete fertilizer. We shall develp a embedded based system t estimate N, P and K. This system is imprtant fr ptimizing crp prductin and ecnmic return t farmers, and reducing the envirnmental impact f farming peratins. II. TRADITIONAL PRACTICES Flat rates f fertilizer are applied regardless f varying crp cnditins. This usually results in either t much r t little material being applied in many parts f the All rights Reserved 51

2 Internatinal Jurnal f Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Vlume 02, Issue 02; February 2016[ISSN: ] III. CURRENT PRECISION Farming Practices Aerial and satellite imagery is used t develp prescriptin maps, subsequently used fr making variable rate applicatins. Many times these images are taken several days r weeks befre actual use due t clud and weather cnditins. IV. PRINCIPLE The principle f phtmetry is used fr measurement. In phtmetry the pwer f light beam absrbed by the sample is determined. The intensity f a beam f radiatin is characterized by its radiant pwer. A beam caring radiatin f nly ne discrete wavelength is said t be mnchrmatic and radiatin f several wavelength is said t be plychrmatic [1]. The main cmpnents f phtmeter are light surce and its detectr. Usually, a filter is used t pass nly the desired wavelength f the radiatin f sample, whse absrbance is t be finding ut. The detectr detects the unabsrbed energy, which cme thrugh the sample. Usually such analysis measurement used duble beam, as secnd beam is reference and transmittance is measured as the rati f P and P0. P = Pwer f the unabsrbed energy which cmes frm the sample P0= pwer f the reference light beam When a beam f radiant energy impinges upn a substance several phenmenn may ccur as 1.It may pass thrugh the matter with little absrptin taking place and therefre little energy lss. 2.The directin f prpagatin f the beam may altered by reflectin, refractin r diffractin. Scattering by particular suspended matter als be included. 3.The radiant energy may be absrbed. The absrptin invlves a transfer f energy t the medium and absrptin prcess is specific phenmenn related t characteristics mlecular structure. The rati f radiant pwer transmitted by sample t the radiant pwer incident n the sample is the transmittance T written as T = P P0 Where P0 is the rate at which energy is transprted in a radiant energy beam and P is the quantity remaining unabsrbed after passing thrugh the sample. The lgarithm t the base 10 f b the reciprcal f the transmittance is the absrbance. A = lg10 ( 1 T ) = lg 10 ( P P0 ) The principle f testing is based n Buguer r Lambert law and Bernard s r Beer s laws Buguer r Lambert law states that when a beam f mnchrmatic light enters in an absrbing medium at right angles t plane,parallel surface f medium (r cntainer f slutin ) the rate f decrease in radiant pwer with the length f light path thrugh the absrbing medium b is prprtinal t the radiant pwer f beam. the light is diminished in gemetric r expnential, prgressin. Thus P0 = intensity f reference light beam P = intensity f transmitted light beam lg10 ( P P0 ) = abc P = P010 All rights Reserved 52

3 Internatinal Jurnal f Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Vlume 02, Issue 02; February 2016[ISSN: ] (i.e. unabsrbed light which cmes thrugh the sample) a = Absrptive f slutin b = Thickness f media. c = Cncentratin f media The value f a, i.e. absrptive will depend n the wavelength f radiatin and nature f absrbing material. Graph-1 Transmittance Vs Cncentratin Graph-2 Absrbance Vs All rights Reserved 53

4 Internatinal Jurnal f Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Vlume 02, Issue 02; February 2016[ISSN: ] V. BLOCK DIAGRAM 5.1 SENSING MECHANISM Fr measurement f N, P and K cntents, red LED (KL53SRC) and phttransistr (KP53PTT) may be used as light surce and detectr. The samples in test tube are munted n sample hlder which als cntains light surce and detectr. Fr measurement f N, P and K cntents red LED is munted n surface ADEG and phttransistr is n BCHF, n the ppsite face f each ther, such that light emitted frm red LED falls n the All rights Reserved 54

5 Internatinal Jurnal f Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Vlume 02, Issue 02; February 2016[ISSN: ] VI. VALUE AND BENEFITS Mre effective and ecnmical use f fertilizer. Grwer/cnsultant chses the rates. Wrks in any weather cnditins, day and night. N applicatin delay due t clud cver hindering aerial. Des nt require third part crdinatin fr crp mapping/imaging. One time investment in system, n annual cntracts, n per image charges. System can be used t variable rate apply nitrgen t all brad acre crps. VII. RESULTS OBTAINED The results btained by the the kit develped fr the testing f different plant leaves were btained n the sftware winde are as given belw. a) N Leaf cnditin b) Green Leaf Inserted c) Yellw Leaf Inserted d) Cumulative reprt All rights Reserved 55

6 Internatinal Jurnal f Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Vlume 02, Issue 02; February 2016[ISSN: ] VIII. CONCLUSION The system was develped t autmate the analytical cmpnents f plant nutrient testing with the gal f prviding: (i) a field prtable system fr simple and rapid estimatin f plant nutrient cncentratins thrugh the sil prfile and (ii) t characterize the spatial variability f nutrient cncentratins in surface sil. In bth these rles this sensr will prvide an imprved understanding f plant and sil nutrient variability bth spatially and temprally. It will prvide sensing capabilities fr mre effective cntinuus and site specific nutrient management. REFERANCES I. Krishna Kant, Micrprcessr based agriculture instrumentatin, II. Qiang Ca,Yuxin Mia,Siawei Ga, Bin Liu, Estimating the nitrgen nutritin index f winter wheat using active canpy sensr in nrth chaina plain, IEEE,1 st internatinal cnference n agr- geinfrmatics,2012. III. Chunhua Jin, Min Huang, Fei Liu, Yng He, ESTIMATING NITROGEN STATUS OF PLANT BY Vis/NIR spectrscpy and mathematical mdel, IEEE,5 th internatinal cnference n natural cmputatin, IV. Hajjdiab H, Abu Dhabi, Obaid A, A Visn based apprach fr nn distructive leaf area estimatin, IEEE, internatinal cnference n envirnmental science and infrmatin applicatin technlgy,2010. V. Yi Wang and Wei-Hua Wu1, Plant Sensing and Signaling in Respnse t K1-Deficiency Mlecular Plant, Vlume 3, Number 2, Pages , March 2010 VI. Q. U. Zaman, A. W. Schumann, H. K. Hstler, ESTIMATION OF CITRUS FRUIT YIELD USING ULTRASONICALLY-SENSED TREE SIZE, American Sciety f Agricultural and Bilgical Engineers,2006. VII. E. Cnej, j.-p. Frangi, S. Jacquemud, g. De rsny, ramis:a biphtnic physilgical plant sensr. VIII. F. López-Granads, M. Jurad-Expósit, S. Álamb, L. Garc ıa-trres, Leaf nutrient spatial variability and sitespecific fertilizatin mapswithin live (Olea eurpaea L.) rchards, Eurp. J. Agrnmy 21 (2004) 209 All rights Reserved 56