POLARISATION VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE. View video on polarisation of light
|
|
- Laureen Blankenship
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE MODULE 7 NATURE OF LIGHT POLARISATION View vide n plarisatin f light While all the experimental evidence s far that supprts the wave nature f light, nne f it tells us whether light is a lngitudinal r transverse wave. Lngitudinal waves are characterised by mtin f the particles f the medium parallel t the directin in which the waves travel, e.g. sund waves in air. Fig. 1. Lngitudinal sund wave in air.
2 Transverse waves are characterised by the mtin f the particles f the medium perpendicular t the directin in which the waves are prpagating, e.g. vibratins f a guitar string. Fig. 2. Transverse wave alng a string. Reflectin, refractin, diffractin, interference ccur in the prpagatin f bth transverse and lngitudinal waves. A definitive distinctin between lngitudinal and transverse waves may be made based upn the capacity t be plarised. A linearly (plane) plarised beam f transverse waves is ne whse vibratins ccur in nly a single directin perpendicular t the directin f prpagatin f the wave, s that the entire mtin in which the beam travels is cnfined t a plane called the plane f plarisatin.
3 Fig. 3. Linearly r plane plarized light. When many different directins f plarisatin are present in a beam f transverse waves, ften with vibratins ccurring equally in all directins perpendicular t the directin f prpagatin, the beam is said t be unplarised. Fig. 4. Unplarized light beam cnsists f vibratins in many planes perpendicular t the directin f prpagatin.
4 Since the vibratins cnstituting a lngitudinal wave can nly take place in ne directin in the directin f prpagatin, lngitudinal waves cannt be plarised. By establishing whether light can be plarised r nt, then, we have a means fr determining the type f wave - lngitudinal r transverse. We can shw experimentally that light is a transverse wave by using a micrwave beam incident upn a metal grid as shwn in figure 5. A typical wavelength f a micrwave beam is abut 3 mm. Prvided the vertical metal grid spacing is smaller than the wavelength, when the grid intercepts the micrwaves nly the micrwaves that are perpendicular t the vertical metal grid are transmitted.
5 Fig. 5. Actin f vertical metal grid wire grid n an unplarised micrwave beam. Effective absrptin f all vertical cmpnents f the radiatin ccurs when grid spacing. The scillatin f the electric field fr the micrwave beam can induce electric currents in the metal grid when the grid and electric field are parallel t each ther, and the energy will be absrbed frm the beam. That is, the free electrns in the metal are set int scillatry mtin and these currents dissipate energy as thermal energy.
6 Als, these scillating electrns radiate electrmagnetic energy in all directins, except in the directin f the scillatin and in the frward directin there is a cancellatin f the incident and radiated waves. The main reasn fr the disappearance f the transmitted wave is the destructive interference between the incident and generated wave. When the plane f scillatin f the electric field is perpendicular t the metal grid, minimum absrptins ccurs and the beam will pass thrugh the grid with zer r little attenuatin prvided grid spacing as shwn in figure 6. When the grid and electric field are riented perpendicular t each ther, appreciable scillatins f the free electrns cannt ccur and s there is little cancellatin between the incident and generated wave.
7 Fig. 6. Experiments with micrwaves and a metal grid prvides cnclusive evidence that micrwaves are transverse waves because they exhibit plarisatin behaviur.
8 The rientatin f any linearly (plane) plarised beam can be expressed in terms f its X, Y and Z cmpnents. Figure 7 shws an incident micrwave beam with electric field Ex, E y,0. When the grid is riented in the Y directin, the vertical cmpnent E y is absrbed and nly the hrizntal cmpnent E x is transmitted. Fig. 7. Only cmpnents f the electric field that are perpendicular t the grid are transmitted.
9 The dr f a micrwave ven has a metal mesh embedded in it. S, zer micrwave radiatin can pass thrugh the dr, because all cmpnents f the electric field will be absrbed by the metal grid. Fig. 8. Fr safety reasns, a micrwave ven has a metal mesh embedded int its dr s that there is zer transmissin f the micrwave radiatin thrugh it.
10 A gd example f the use f plarisers are the plarid lens in sunglasses. Plarid is an artificially made plarising material. It cnsists f tw plastic sheets with a thin layer f needle-like quinine idsulfate crystals between them. The crystals are aligned using a very strng electric field and the resulting clear material transmits nly light in a single plane f plarisatin. In sunglasses, the crystals are aligned hrizntally s that they strngly absrb the cmpnents f the light in the hrizntal directin cmpared t the vertical directin (figure 9). Fig. 9. Plarid sunglasses have plarid lens that are strng absrbers f the cmpnent f the electric field rientated in the hrizntal plane.
11 When light strikes a nn-metallic surface at any angle ther than the perpendicular, the reflected beam is plarised preferentially in the plane parallel t the surface (figure 10). Fig. 10. Light reflected frm a nn-metallic surface is plarised with its plane f plarisatin parallel t the surface. Plarid sunglasses are made s that the vertical cmpnent f the electric field is preferentially transmitted t eliminate the mre strngly reflected hrizntal cmpnent. S, wearing plarid sunglasses will reduce the glare (figure 11). Fishermen were Plarids t reduce reflected glare frm the surface f water and thus see beneath the water mre clearly.
12 Fig. 11. Light reflected frm a nn-metallic surface is partially plarised parallel t the surface. Plarid sunglasses preferentially absrb the hrizntal cmpnent f sunlight, thus reducing the glare.
13 Phtelasticity When transparent materials are placed between tw plarises, clurful stress patterns are bserved (figure 12). Very cmplicated stress distributins can be analysed by these ptical methds. Fig. 12. Stress patterns in transparent materials are revealed by because light is a transverse wave and can be plarised.
14 Malus s Law fr plarised light We will cnsider the experimental arrangement f shining unplarised light thrugh a pair f Plarid sheets which are labelled the Plariser and Analyser. The transmitted light is detected by a Phtcell as shwn in figure 13. The Phtcell measures the intensity f the light transmitted t it. The intensity f the light is prprtinal t the square f the electric field f the light (1) I E 2 The Plariser is adjusted s the light passing frm the Plariser t the Analyser is linearly plarized with a vertical plane f plarisatin. S, the Plariser has its plarising axis (transmissin axis) in the vertical directin. Fr an ideal plarising filter, the transmitted intensity is half the incident intensity (50% f the radiatin absrbed because nly ne cmpnent f the electric field is transmitted thrugh the filter). The Analyser can be rtated abut the axis f the ptical system and the angle f its plarising axis is measured w.r.t. the vertical. The Analyser is rtated and set t the psitin t give a maximum intensity I as measured by the Phtcell max detectr. This psitin will have the plarising axis f the Analyser in the vertical directin and the angle between the
15 Analyser s plarising axis and the vertical is 0. The angle f the Analyser is then set t as shwn in figure 13. The incident electric field fr the Analyser is E E ˆj. The cmpnent f the electric field transmitted frm the Analyser t the Phtcell is E cs. Thus, using equatin 1, the light intensity transmitted thrugh the Analyser gives Malus s Law fr plarised light passing thrugh an Analyser (2) I I cs 2 max Equatin 2 was discvered experimentally by E.L. Malus in Malus s Law applies nly if the incident light passing thrugh the Analyser is already linearly plarised. Exercise 1 Draw tw graphs t test Malus s Law fr the Analyser angle when the light incident upn the Analyser is linearly plarized. At what angle is the intensity a maximum? At what angles is there extinctin f the light thrugh the filter? At what angle is the Analyser set t reduce the intensity t 50% f its maximum value?
16 Slutin Yu cannt make definite mathematical cnclusins abut curved lines. If pssible, yu need t plt the data t get a straight line. In this case we can d this by pltting the graph f 2 I vs cs.
17 The maximum intensity is 10 a.u. and this ccurs at the angle 0. Zer light passes thrugh the ideal filter at the angles 90. The intensity drps t 50% f its maximum values at the angle Imax 10 a.u. I 5 a.u. 45 View vide n Malus s Law View an interesting vide: Plarized Light Explained + Experiments Exercise 2 Fur plarisers are placed n an ptical bench between an unplarised light surce and a phtcell. The plarising axes f the plarises w.r.t. the vertical are 30, 60, 45 and -30. If the incident intensity n the first plariser is 100 a.u., what is the intensity recrded by the phtcell? What angle must the last plariser by set at s that the intensity recrded by the phtcell is (i) a minimum and (ii) a maximum?
18 Slutin Yu need t draw a careful anntated diagram f the situatin and then apply Malus s Law t each plariser. I I cs 2 max The unplarised light in passing thrugh plariser P 1 is reduced in intensity by 50%. I 100 a.u. I 50 a.u. 0 1 Fr the linear plarised light passing thrugh P 2, the angle between the plarising axes f P 2 and P 1 is 30 I I m ax 50 a.u Imax cs 50 cs a.u.
19 Fr the linear plarised light passing thrugh P 3, the angle between the plarising axes f P 3 and P 2 is 15 I I m ax 37.5 a.u Imax cs 37.5 cs a.u. Fr the linear plarised light passing thrugh P 4, the angle between the plarising axes f P 4 and P 3 is 75 I I m ax 35 a.u Imax cs 35 cs a.u. Hence, the intensity recrded by the phtcell is 2.3 a.u. The plariser P 3 is set at an angle f 45. If zer intensity is t be recrded by the phtcell, the angle between the plarising axes (transmissin axes) must be 90. Therefre, plariser P 4 can be set t the angle -45 since cs(90 ) = Fr a maximum (I = 2.3 a.u.), the plarisatin axes f P 3 and P 4 must be parallel. Therefre, P 4 shuld be set t 45 t give a maximum since cs(0) =
20 Exercise 3: Cmputer Simulatin Experiment Yu can d an nline versin f Malus s experiment at Recrd values f the angle and intensity t draw the graphs shwn in the slutin t Exercise 1. Why is the experimental results t gd? VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE If yu have any feedback, cmments, suggestins r crrectins please Ian Cper Schl f Physics University f Sydney ian.cper@sydney.edu.au
Interference is when two (or more) sets of waves meet and combine to produce a new pattern.
Interference Interference is when tw (r mre) sets f waves meet and cmbine t prduce a new pattern. This pattern can vary depending n the riginal wave directin, wavelength, amplitude, etc. The tw mst extreme
More informationChapter 23 Electromagnetic Waves Lecture 14
Chapter 23 Electrmagnetic Waves Lecture 14 23.1 The Discvery f Electrmagnetic Waves 23.2 Prperties f Electrmagnetic Waves 23.3 Electrmagnetic Waves Carry Energy and Mmentum 23.4 Types f Electrmagnetic
More informationThree charges, all with a charge of 10 C are situated as shown (each grid line is separated by 1 meter).
Three charges, all with a charge f 0 are situated as shwn (each grid line is separated by meter). ) What is the net wrk needed t assemble this charge distributin? a) +0.5 J b) +0.8 J c) 0 J d) -0.8 J e)
More information4) What is the magnitude of the net electric field at the center of the square?
Fur charges are n the fur crners f a square. Q = +5C, Q = -0C, Q 3 = +5C, Q 4 = -0C. The side length f each side f the square is 3 m. Q Q ) What is the directin f the frce n Q due t ONLY Q 4? (a) up (b)
More informationMANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MANIPAL UNIVERSITY, MANIPAL SECOND SEMESTER B.Tech. END-SEMESTER EXAMINATION - MAY 013 SUBJECT: ENGINEERING PHYSICS (PHY101/10) Time: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 50 Nte: Answer any
More informationHomework-6 Due:
Applied Optics H-464/564 ECE 594 rtland State niversity A. La Rsa Hmewrk-6 Due: 05-26-2016 1. Quarter wave plates and half wave plates The figures belw shw a calcite crystal plate lcated at the crdinate
More informationDispersion Ref Feynman Vol-I, Ch-31
Dispersin Ref Feynman Vl-I, Ch-31 n () = 1 + q N q /m 2 2 2 0 i ( b/m) We have learned that the index f refractin is nt just a simple number, but a quantity that varies with the frequency f the light.
More informationFlipping Physics Lecture Notes: Simple Harmonic Motion Introduction via a Horizontal Mass-Spring System
Flipping Physics Lecture Ntes: Simple Harmnic Mtin Intrductin via a Hrizntal Mass-Spring System A Hrizntal Mass-Spring System is where a mass is attached t a spring, riented hrizntally, and then placed
More informationd sinθ = mλ Interference and diffraction double slit or diffraction grating d sinθ = mλ d sinθ is the path difference x (small angle approximation)
Wave Optics Wave prperties f light The clrs in a rainbw are ROY G. BIV (Red, range, yellw, green, blue, indig, vilet). White light is a cmbinatin f all clrs Black is the absence f light Wavelength determines
More informationsin sin Reminder, repetition Image formation by simple curved surface (sphere with radius r): The power (refractive strength):
Reminder, repetitin Image frmatin by simple curved surface (sphere with radius r): sin sin n n The pwer (refractive strength): n n n n i r D Applicatin: fr the human eye e.g. the pwer f crnea medium r
More informationDisplacement and Deflection Sensitivity of Gas-coupled Laser Acoustic. Detector
1st Internatinal Sympsium n Laser Ultrasnics: Science, echnlgy and Applicatins July 16-18 008, Mntreal, Canada Displacement and Deflectin Sensitivity f Gas-cupled Laser Acustic Detectin James N. CARON
More information11. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER
11. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER Very shrt answer and shrt answer questins 1. Define wrk functin f a metal? The minimum energy required fr an electrn t escape frm the metal surface is called the
More informationENGI 4430 Parametric Vector Functions Page 2-01
ENGI 4430 Parametric Vectr Functins Page -01. Parametric Vectr Functins (cntinued) Any nn-zer vectr r can be decmpsed int its magnitude r and its directin: r rrˆ, where r r 0 Tangent Vectr: dx dy dz dr
More informationSprings in parallel. Two springs in parallel. Springs in series. Springs in series. Resonance. Forced vibrations and resonance. 2 C. 2 1/2 m.
Springs in parallel w springs in parallel Suppse yu had tw identical springs each with frce cnstant frm which an bject f mass m was suspended. he scillatin perid fr ne spring is. What wuld the scillatin
More informationFlipping Physics Lecture Notes: Simple Harmonic Motion Introduction via a Horizontal Mass-Spring System
Flipping Physics Lecture Ntes: Simple Harmnic Mtin Intrductin via a Hrizntal Mass-Spring System A Hrizntal Mass-Spring System is where a mass is attached t a spring, riented hrizntally, and then placed
More informationCHAPTER 8b Static Equilibrium Units
CHAPTER 8b Static Equilibrium Units The Cnditins fr Equilibrium Slving Statics Prblems Stability and Balance Elasticity; Stress and Strain The Cnditins fr Equilibrium An bject with frces acting n it, but
More informationFinding the Earth s magnetic field
Labratry #6 Name: Phys 1402 - Dr. Cristian Bahrim Finding the Earth s magnetic field The thery accepted tday fr the rigin f the Earth s magnetic field is based n the mtin f the plasma (a miture f electrns
More informationdirection of linear elliptical circular linear polarisation unpolarised vector components, Haidinger s brush
Plarisatin f The f is scarcel discernable with ur ees Plarisatin describes the behaviur f the electric field assciated with tpes f are linear, elliptical, circular, unplarised Remember that in istrpic
More informationPhys101 Final Code: 1 Term: 132 Wednesday, May 21, 2014 Page: 1
Phys101 Final Cde: 1 Term: 1 Wednesday, May 1, 014 Page: 1 Q1. A car accelerates at.0 m/s alng a straight rad. It passes tw marks that are 0 m apart at times t = 4.0 s and t = 5.0 s. Find the car s velcity
More informationTo get you thinking...
T get yu thinking... 1.) What is an element? Give at least 4 examples f elements. 2.) What is the atmic number f hydrgen? What des a neutral hydrgen atm cnsist f? Describe its "mtin". 3.) Hw des an atm
More informationABSORPTION OF GAMMA RAYS
6 Sep 11 Gamma.1 ABSORPTIO OF GAMMA RAYS Gamma rays is the name given t high energy electrmagnetic radiatin riginating frm nuclear energy level transitins. (Typical wavelength, frequency, and energy ranges
More informationCBSE Board Class XII Physics Set 1 Board Paper 2008 (Solution)
CBSE Bard Class XII Physics Set 1 Bard Paper 2008 (Slutin) 1. The frce is given by F qv B This frce is at right angles t &. 2. Micrwaves. It is used in radar & cmmunicatin purpses. 3. Or As m e e m S,
More informationChapter 9: Quantization of Light
Chapter 9: Quantizatin Light 9.1 Planck s Quantum Thery 9.1.1 Distinguish between Planck s quantum thery and classical thery energy The undatin the Planck s quantum thery is a thery black bdy radiatin.
More informationPLEASURE TEST SERIES (XI) - 07 By O.P. Gupta (For stuffs on Math, click at theopgupta.com)
A Cmpilatin By : OP Gupta (WhatsApp @ +9-9650 50 80) Fr mre stuffs n Maths, please visit : wwwtheopguptacm Time Allwed : 80 Minutes Max Marks : 00 SECTION A Questin numbers 0 t 0 carry mark each x x 5
More informationChapter 2 GAUSS LAW Recommended Problems:
Chapter GAUSS LAW Recmmended Prblems: 1,4,5,6,7,9,11,13,15,18,19,1,7,9,31,35,37,39,41,43,45,47,49,51,55,57,61,6,69. LCTRIC FLUX lectric flux is a measure f the number f electric filed lines penetrating
More informationMODULE 1. e x + c. [You can t separate a demominator, but you can divide a single denominator into each numerator term] a + b a(a + b)+1 = a + b
. REVIEW OF SOME BASIC ALGEBRA MODULE () Slving Equatins Yu shuld be able t slve fr x: a + b = c a d + e x + c and get x = e(ba +) b(c a) d(ba +) c Cmmn mistakes and strategies:. a b + c a b + a c, but
More informationPhysics 321 Solutions for Final Exam
Page f 8 Physics 3 Slutins fr inal Exa ) A sall blb f clay with ass is drpped fr a height h abve a thin rd f length L and ass M which can pivt frictinlessly abut its center. The initial situatin is shwn
More informationLecture 15. Physics 1202: Lecture 15 Today s Agenda
Physics 1202: Lecture 15 Tday s Agenda Annuncements: Team prblems tday Team 7: Cailin Catarina, Matthew Canapetti, Kervin Vincent Team 8: Natalie Kasir, Adam Antunes, Quincy Alexander Team 9: Garrett Schlegel,
More informationSolution to HW14 Fall-2002
Slutin t HW14 Fall-2002 CJ5 10.CQ.003. REASONING AND SOLUTION Figures 10.11 and 10.14 shw the velcity and the acceleratin, respectively, the shadw a ball that underges unirm circular mtin. The shadw underges
More informationFigure 1a. A planar mechanism.
ME 5 - Machine Design I Fall Semester 0 Name f Student Lab Sectin Number EXAM. OPEN BOOK AND CLOSED NOTES. Mnday, September rd, 0 Write n ne side nly f the paper prvided fr yur slutins. Where necessary,
More informationStructural mechanics of wood composite materials h Ultrasonic evaluation of internal bond strength during an accelerated aging test
J Wd Sci (1998) 44:348-353 The Japan Wd Research Sciety 1998 Yu-Gu Sun Takanri Arima Structural mechanics f wd cmpsite materials h Ultrasnic evaluatin f internal bnd strength during an accelerated aging
More informationInformation for Physics 1201 Midterm I Wednesday, February 20
My lecture slides are psted at http://www.physics.hi-state.edu/~humanic/ Infrmatin fr Physics 1201 Midterm I Wednesday, February 20 1) Frmat: 10 multiple chice questins (each wrth 5 pints) and tw shw-wrk
More informationHubble s Law PHYS 1301
1 PHYS 1301 Hubble s Law Why: The lab will verify Hubble s law fr the expansin f the universe which is ne f the imprtant cnsequences f general relativity. What: Frm measurements f the angular size and
More informationANSWER KEY FOR MATH 10 SAMPLE EXAMINATION. Instructions: If asked to label the axes please use real world (contextual) labels
ANSWER KEY FOR MATH 10 SAMPLE EXAMINATION Instructins: If asked t label the axes please use real wrld (cntextual) labels Multiple Chice Answers: 0 questins x 1.5 = 30 Pints ttal Questin Answer Number 1
More informationPHYSICS CLASS - XII CBSE BOARD PAPER SOLUTION (SET 2) λ = 4 10 m
() PHYSICS CLSS - XII CBSE BD PPER SOLUTION (SET ). Sl. Diamagnetic materials have a tendency t repel magnetic field lines while paramagnetic materials attract magnetic field lines.. Sl. Let e = emf f
More informationEquilibrium of Stress
Equilibrium f Stress Cnsider tw perpendicular planes passing thrugh a pint p. The stress cmpnents acting n these planes are as shwn in ig. 3.4.1a. These stresses are usuall shwn tgether acting n a small
More informationQ1. A string of length L is fixed at both ends. Which one of the following is NOT a possible wavelength for standing waves on this string?
Term: 111 Thursday, January 05, 2012 Page: 1 Q1. A string f length L is fixed at bth ends. Which ne f the fllwing is NOT a pssible wavelength fr standing waves n this string? Q2. λ n = 2L n = A) 4L B)
More informationTOPPER SAMPLE PAPER 2 Class XII- Physics
TOPPER SAMPLE PAPER 2 Class XII- Physics Time: Three Hurs Maximum Marks: 70 General Instructins (a) All questins are cmpulsry. (b) There are 30 questins in ttal. Questins 1 t 8 carry ne mark each, questins
More information1 Course Notes in Introductory Physics Jeffrey Seguritan
Intrductin & Kinematics I Intrductin Quickie Cncepts Units SI is standard system f units used t measure physical quantities. Base units that we use: meter (m) is standard unit f length kilgram (kg) is
More informationmaking triangle (ie same reference angle) ). This is a standard form that will allow us all to have the X= y=
Intrductin t Vectrs I 21 Intrductin t Vectrs I 22 I. Determine the hrizntal and vertical cmpnents f the resultant vectr by cunting n the grid. X= y= J. Draw a mangle with hrizntal and vertical cmpnents
More informationCS 477/677 Analysis of Algorithms Fall 2007 Dr. George Bebis Course Project Due Date: 11/29/2007
CS 477/677 Analysis f Algrithms Fall 2007 Dr. Gerge Bebis Curse Prject Due Date: 11/29/2007 Part1: Cmparisn f Srting Algrithms (70% f the prject grade) The bjective f the first part f the assignment is
More informationPHYS College Physics II Final Examination Review
PHYS 1402- Cllege Physics II Final Examinatin Review The final examinatin will be based n the fllwing Chapters/Sectins and will cnsist f tw parts. Part 1, cnsisting f Multiple Chice questins, will accunt
More informationLab 11 LRC Circuits, Damped Forced Harmonic Motion
Physics 6 ab ab 11 ircuits, Damped Frced Harmnic Mtin What Yu Need T Knw: The Physics OK this is basically a recap f what yu ve dne s far with circuits and circuits. Nw we get t put everything tgether
More informationMath Foundations 20 Work Plan
Math Fundatins 20 Wrk Plan Units / Tpics 20.8 Demnstrate understanding f systems f linear inequalities in tw variables. Time Frame December 1-3 weeks 6-10 Majr Learning Indicatrs Identify situatins relevant
More informationSynchronous Motor V-Curves
Synchrnus Mtr V-Curves 1 Synchrnus Mtr V-Curves Intrductin Synchrnus mtrs are used in applicatins such as textile mills where cnstant speed peratin is critical. Mst small synchrnus mtrs cntain squirrel
More informationChapter 32. Maxwell s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter 32 Maxwell s Equatins and Electrmagnetic Waves Maxwell s Equatins and EM Waves Maxwell s Displacement Current Maxwell s Equatins The EM Wave Equatin Electrmagnetic Radiatin MFMcGraw-PHY 2426 Chap32-Maxwell's
More informationKing Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. Electrical Engineering Department EE 420. Fiber Optics Communication.
King Fahd University f Petrleum and Minerals Electrical Engineering Department EE 420 Fiber Optics Cmmunicatin Labratry Manual July 2005 2 PREFACE This manual cntains ten labratry experiments t be perfrmed
More informationChem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week 8 Thermochemistry (Continued), Electromagnetic Radiation, and Line Spectra
Chem 115 POGIL Wrksheet - Week 8 Thermchemistry (Cntinued), Electrmagnetic Radiatin, and Line Spectra Why? As we saw last week, enthalpy and internal energy are state functins, which means that the sum
More informationSPH3U1 Lesson 06 Kinematics
PROJECTILE MOTION LEARNING GOALS Students will: Describe the mtin f an bject thrwn at arbitrary angles thrugh the air. Describe the hrizntal and vertical mtins f a prjectile. Slve prjectile mtin prblems.
More informationMatter Content from State Frameworks and Other State Documents
Atms and Mlecules Mlecules are made f smaller entities (atms) which are bnded tgether. Therefre mlecules are divisible. Miscnceptin: Element and atm are synnyms. Prper cnceptin: Elements are atms with
More informationActivity Guide Loops and Random Numbers
Unit 3 Lessn 7 Name(s) Perid Date Activity Guide Lps and Randm Numbers CS Cntent Lps are a relatively straightfrward idea in prgramming - yu want a certain chunk f cde t run repeatedly - but it takes a
More informationIntroduction to Smith Charts
Intrductin t Smith Charts Dr. Russell P. Jedlicka Klipsch Schl f Electrical and Cmputer Engineering New Mexic State University as Cruces, NM 88003 September 2002 EE521 ecture 3 08/22/02 Smith Chart Summary
More informationCHAPTER 6 WORK AND ENERGY
CHAPTER 6 WORK AND ENERGY CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS 16. REASONING AND SOLUTION A trapeze artist, starting rm rest, swings dwnward n the bar, lets g at the bttm the swing, and alls reely t the net. An assistant,
More information( ) kt. Solution. From kinetic theory (visualized in Figure 1Q9-1), 1 2 rms = 2. = 1368 m/s
.9 Kinetic Mlecular Thery Calculate the effective (rms) speeds f the He and Ne atms in the He-Ne gas laser tube at rm temperature (300 K). Slutin T find the rt mean square velcity (v rms ) f He atms at
More informationPhysics AS - Unit 2 - Mechanics, Materials and Waves - Revision Notes
Physics AS - Unit 2 - Mechanics, Materials and Waves - Revisin Ntes Mechanics Scalar and Vectr Quantities Definitin A Vectr Quantity has magnitude as well as directin while a scalar quantity nly had magnitude
More information**DO NOT ONLY RELY ON THIS STUDY GUIDE!!!**
Tpics lists: UV-Vis Absrbance Spectrscpy Lab & ChemActivity 3-6 (nly thrugh 4) I. UV-Vis Absrbance Spectrscpy Lab Beer s law Relates cncentratin f a chemical species in a slutin and the absrbance f that
More informationNGSS High School Physics Domain Model
NGSS High Schl Physics Dmain Mdel Mtin and Stability: Frces and Interactins HS-PS2-1: Students will be able t analyze data t supprt the claim that Newtn s secnd law f mtin describes the mathematical relatinship
More informationUnit Project Descriptio
Unit Prject Descriptin: Using Newtn s Laws f Mtin and the scientific methd, create a catapult r trebuchet that will sht a marshmallw at least eight feet. After building and testing yur machine at hme,
More informationPHY 2054C Review guide Fall 2018 Chapter 17 Wave optics
PHY 2054C Review guide Fall 2018 Chapter 17 Wave ptics Light acts as a wave, ray, particle, and phtn. Refractive index n = c/v Light waves travel with speed c in a vacuum they slw dwn when they pass thrugh
More informationPhys102 Final-061 Zero Version Coordinator: Nasser Wednesday, January 24, 2007 Page: 1
Crdinatr: Nasser Wednesday, January 4, 007 Page: 1 Q1. Tw transmitters, S 1 and S shwn in the figure, emit identical sund waves f wavelength λ. The transmitters are separated by a distance λ /. Cnsider
More informationBuilding to Transformations on Coordinate Axis Grade 5: Geometry Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
Building t Transfrmatins n Crdinate Axis Grade 5: Gemetry Graph pints n the crdinate plane t slve real-wrld and mathematical prblems. 5.G.1. Use a pair f perpendicular number lines, called axes, t define
More informationROUNDING ERRORS IN BEAM-TRACKING CALCULATIONS
Particle Acceleratrs, 1986, Vl. 19, pp. 99-105 0031-2460/86/1904-0099/$15.00/0 1986 Grdn and Breach, Science Publishers, S.A. Printed in the United States f America ROUNDING ERRORS IN BEAM-TRACKING CALCULATIONS
More informationQ1. In figure 1, Q = 60 µc, q = 20 µc, a = 3.0 m, and b = 4.0 m. Calculate the total electric force on q due to the other 2 charges.
Phys10 Secnd Majr-08 Zer Versin Crdinatr: Dr. I. M. Nasser Saturday, May 3, 009 Page: 1 Q1. In figure 1, Q = 60 µc, q = 0 µc, a = 3.0 m, and b = 4.0 m. Calculate the ttal electric frce n q due t the ther
More informationPlan o o. I(t) Divide problem into sub-problems Modify schematic and coordinate system (if needed) Write general equations
STAPLE Physics 201 Name Final Exam May 14, 2013 This is a clsed bk examinatin but during the exam yu may refer t a 5 x7 nte card with wrds f wisdm yu have written n it. There is extra scratch paper available.
More informationSodium D-line doublet. Lectures 5-6: Magnetic dipole moments. Orbital magnetic dipole moments. Orbital magnetic dipole moments
Lectures 5-6: Magnetic diple mments Sdium D-line dublet Orbital diple mments. Orbital precessin. Grtrian diagram fr dublet states f neutral sdium shwing permitted transitins, including Na D-line transitin
More informationBeam Combining and Atmospheric Propagation of High Power Lasers
Naval Research Labratry Washingtn, DC 0375-530 NRL/MR/6790--11-9371 Beam Cmbining and Atmspheric Prpagatin f High Pwer Lasers Phillip Sprangle Jseph Peñan Beam Physics Branch Plasma Physics Divisin Bahman
More informationElectromagnetic Radiation
CLASSICALLY -- ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION Maxwell (1865) Electrmagnetic Radiatin http://apd.nasa.gv/apd/astrpix.html Classically, an electrmagnetic wave can be viewed as a self-sustaining wave f electric
More informationCHM112 Lab Graphing with Excel Grading Rubric
Name CHM112 Lab Graphing with Excel Grading Rubric Criteria Pints pssible Pints earned Graphs crrectly pltted and adhere t all guidelines (including descriptive title, prperly frmatted axes, trendline
More informationExperiment #3. Graphing with Excel
Experiment #3. Graphing with Excel Study the "Graphing with Excel" instructins that have been prvided. Additinal help with learning t use Excel can be fund n several web sites, including http://www.ncsu.edu/labwrite/res/gt/gt-
More informationIntroduction to Three-phase Circuits. Balanced 3-phase systems Unbalanced 3-phase systems
Intrductin t Three-hase Circuits Balanced 3-hase systems Unbalanced 3-hase systems 1 Intrductin t 3-hase systems Single-hase tw-wire system: Single surce cnnected t a lad using tw-wire system Single-hase
More informationEdexcel GCSE Physics
Edexcel GCSE Physics Tpic 10: Electricity and circuits Ntes (Cntent in bld is fr Higher Tier nly) www.pmt.educatin The Structure f the Atm Psitively charged nucleus surrunded by negatively charged electrns
More informationIntroduction to Spacetime Geometry
Intrductin t Spacetime Gemetry Let s start with a review f a basic feature f Euclidean gemetry, the Pythagrean therem. In a twdimensinal crdinate system we can relate the length f a line segment t the
More informationProgress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 9, 9 20, 2009
Prgress In Electrmagnetics Research M, Vl. 9, 9 20, 2009 WIDE-ANGLE REFLECTION WAVE POLARIZERS USING INHOMOGENEOUS PLANAR LAYERS M. Khalaj-Amirhsseini and S. M. J. Razavi Cllege f Electrical Engineering
More informationAQA GCSE Physics. Topic 7: Magnetism and Electromagnetism. Notes. (Content in bold is for Higher Tier only)
AQA GCSE Physics Tpic 7: Magnetism and Electrmagnetism Ntes (Cntent in bld is fr Higher Tier nly) Magnets - Nrth and Suth Ples - Same Ples repel - Oppsite ples attract Permanent Magnets - Always magnetic,
More informationFaculty of Engineering and Department of Physics Engineering Physics 131 Midterm Examination February 27, 2006; 7:00 pm 8:30 pm
Faculty f Engineering and Department f Physics Engineering Physics 131 Midterm Examinatin February 27, 2006; 7:00 pm 8:30 pm N ntes r textbks allwed. Frmula sheet is n the last page (may be remved). Calculatrs
More informationLecture 5: Equilibrium and Oscillations
Lecture 5: Equilibrium and Oscillatins Energy and Mtin Last time, we fund that fr a system with energy cnserved, v = ± E U m ( ) ( ) One result we see immediately is that there is n slutin fr velcity if
More informationOptical property of Few-Mode Fiber with Non-uniform Refractive Index for Cylindrical Vector Beam Generation
Optical prperty f Few-Mde Fiber with Nn-unifrm Refractive Index fr ylindrical Vectr Beam Generatin Hngye Li a, Hngdan Wan* a, Zuxing Zhang* a, b, Bing Sun a, Lin Zhang a, b a Nanjing University f Psts
More informationLab 1 The Scientific Method
INTRODUCTION The fllwing labratry exercise is designed t give yu, the student, an pprtunity t explre unknwn systems, r universes, and hypthesize pssible rules which may gvern the behavir within them. Scientific
More informationFebruary 28, 2013 COMMENTS ON DIFFUSION, DIFFUSIVITY AND DERIVATION OF HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS DESCRIBING THE DIFFUSION PHENOMENA
February 28, 2013 COMMENTS ON DIFFUSION, DIFFUSIVITY AND DERIVATION OF HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS DESCRIBING THE DIFFUSION PHENOMENA Mental Experiment regarding 1D randm walk Cnsider a cntainer f gas in thermal
More informationCHAPTER 4 Dynamics: Newton s Laws of Motion /newtlaws/newtltoc.html
CHAPTER 4 Dynamics: Newtn s Laws f Mtin http://www.physicsclassrm.cm/class /newtlaws/newtltc.html Frce Newtn s First Law f Mtin Mass Newtn s Secnd Law f Mtin Newtn s Third Law f Mtin Weight the Frce f
More informationModule 4: General Formulation of Electric Circuit Theory
Mdule 4: General Frmulatin f Electric Circuit Thery 4. General Frmulatin f Electric Circuit Thery All electrmagnetic phenmena are described at a fundamental level by Maxwell's equatins and the assciated
More informationChapter 16. Capacitance. Capacitance, cont. Parallel-Plate Capacitor, Example 1/20/2011. Electric Energy and Capacitance
summary C = ε A / d = πε L / ln( b / a ) ab C = 4πε 4πε a b a b >> a Chapter 16 Electric Energy and Capacitance Capacitance Q=CV Parallel plates, caxial cables, Earth Series and parallel 1 1 1 = + +..
More informationNon-Linear Interaction Mechanisms of an Ultra-lntense Laser Pulse with an Underdense Plasma
J. Plasma Fusin Res. SRS, Yl2 (1999) 19-24 Nn-Linear nteractin Mechanisms f an Ultra-lntense Laser Pulse with an Underdense Plasma ADAM Jean C., HRON Anne, LAVAL Guy and MORA Patrick Centre de Physique
More informationQ1. A) 48 m/s B) 17 m/s C) 22 m/s D) 66 m/s E) 53 m/s. Ans: = 84.0 Q2.
Phys10 Final-133 Zer Versin Crdinatr: A.A.Naqvi Wednesday, August 13, 014 Page: 1 Q1. A string, f length 0.75 m and fixed at bth ends, is vibrating in its fundamental mde. The maximum transverse speed
More information39th International Physics Olympiad - Hanoi - Vietnam Theoretical Problem No. 1 /Solution. Solution
39th Internatinal Physics Olympiad - Hani - Vietnam - 8 Theretical Prblem N. /Slutin Slutin. The structure f the mrtar.. Calculating the distance TG The vlume f water in the bucket is V = = 3 3 3 cm m.
More informationChapter 14. Nanoscale Resolution in the Near and Far Field Intensity Profile of Optical Dipole Radiation
Chapter 4 Nanscale Reslutin in the Near and Far Field Intensity Prfile f Optical Diple Radiatin Xin Li * and Henk F. Arnldus Mississippi State University * xl@msstate.edu hfa@msstate.edu Jie Shu Rice University
More informationChapter 2 SOUND WAVES
Chapter SOUND WAVES Intrductin: A sund wave (r pressure r cmpressin wave) results when a surface (layer f mlecules) mves back and frth in a medium prducing a sequence f cmpressins C and rarefactins R.
More informationPhysics 212. Lecture 12. Today's Concept: Magnetic Force on moving charges. Physics 212 Lecture 12, Slide 1
Physics 1 Lecture 1 Tday's Cncept: Magnetic Frce n mving charges F qv Physics 1 Lecture 1, Slide 1 Music Wh is the Artist? A) The Meters ) The Neville rthers C) Trmbne Shrty D) Michael Franti E) Radiatrs
More informationCollective effects in Beam Dynamics
Cllective effects in Beam Dynamics Givanni Ruml, Hannes Bartsik and Kevin Li USPAS, ne-week curse, 19-24 January, 2015 http://uspas.fnal.gv/index.shtml January 2015 USPAS lectures 2 Particle beam Nminal
More informationREADING STATECHART DIAGRAMS
READING STATECHART DIAGRAMS Figure 4.48 A Statechart diagram with events The diagram in Figure 4.48 shws all states that the bject plane can be in during the curse f its life. Furthermre, it shws the pssible
More informationSupporting information
Electrnic Supplementary Material (ESI) fr Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics This jurnal is The wner Scieties 01 ydrgen perxide electrchemistry n platinum: twards understanding the xygen reductin reactin
More informationElectric Current and Resistance
Electric Current and Resistance Electric Current Electric current is the rate f flw f charge thrugh sme regin f space The SI unit f current is the ampere (A) 1 A = 1 C / s The symbl fr electric current
More informationk T t T PHYS 2015 Week 13 E-M Waves, Interference Reading Journals Tuesday WebAssign due WEDNESDAY night
PHYS 015 Week 13 -M Waves, Interferene Reading Jurnals Tuesday WebAssign due WDNSDAY night Test Friday: Chap 3 (Magneti indutin); Chap 33.1-4 (Indutane, self and mutual, energy, RL iruits). Chap 34 (Waves,
More information4 electron domains: 3 bonding and 1 non-bonding. 2 electron domains: 2 bonding and 0 non-bonding. 3 electron domains: 2 bonding and 1 non-bonding
[4.3D VSEPR] pg. 1 f 7 Curriculum The use f VSEPR thery t predict the electrn dmain gemetry and the mlecular gemetry fr species with tw, three and fur electrn dmains. Shapes f species are determined by
More informationNUMBERS, MATHEMATICS AND EQUATIONS
AUSTRALIAN CURRICULUM PHYSICS GETTING STARTED WITH PHYSICS NUMBERS, MATHEMATICS AND EQUATIONS An integral part t the understanding f ur physical wrld is the use f mathematical mdels which can be used t
More informationYou need to be able to define the following terms and answer basic questions about them:
CS440/ECE448 Sectin Q Fall 2017 Midterm Review Yu need t be able t define the fllwing terms and answer basic questins abut them: Intr t AI, agents and envirnments Pssible definitins f AI, prs and cns f
More informationHarmonic Motion (HM) Oscillation with Laminar Damping
Harnic Mtin (HM) Oscillatin with Lainar Daping If yu dn t knw the units f a quantity yu prbably dn t understand its physical significance. Siple HM r r Hke' s Law: F k x definitins: f T / T / Bf x A sin
More informationChapter 3 Forensic Laboratory Techniques Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Chapter 3 Frensic Labratry Techniques Intrductin Objectives 1. Distinguish between physical and chemical prperties. 2. Describe presumptive and cnfirmatry tests. 3. Cmpare and cntrast different types f
More informationChapter Summary. Mathematical Induction Strong Induction Recursive Definitions Structural Induction Recursive Algorithms
Chapter 5 1 Chapter Summary Mathematical Inductin Strng Inductin Recursive Definitins Structural Inductin Recursive Algrithms Sectin 5.1 3 Sectin Summary Mathematical Inductin Examples f Prf by Mathematical
More informationHz transmission peak, is : F 100
LASER PHYSICS I PH 481/581-VT (MIROV) Exam II (10/26/15) STUDENT NAME: Key STUDENT id #: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More information