PHIL 1101: Introduction to Logic (3 credits)

Transcription

1 Date prepared: 11/16/17 Syllabus The University f New Orleans Dept. f Histry and Philsphy PHIL 1101: Intrductin t Lgic (3 credits) SECTION 001: LA 236, T/TH, 09:30 AM 10:45 AM Cntact Infrmatin Instructr: Dr. Rbert Stufflebeam Office: UNO: LA 385 Office Hurs: M-T-W-Th, 11:00 AM 1:00 PM (and by appintment) Office Phne: (504) rstuffle@un.edu (add 'PHIL 1101 t subject line) Curse Webpage: Mdle lgin page Required Text [1] Stufflebeam, R. (frthcming). Intrductin t lgic. [Available n Mdle.] CATALOG DESCRIPTION: An intrductin t infrmal lgic, classical lgic, and sentential lgic. Curse Descriptin COURSE OVERVIEW: Lgic is the study f the principles and methds used t distinguish "gd" reasning frm "bad" reasning. As it is thrugh gd reasning that we plan, explain, persuade, cnvince, slve, and prve things successfully thrugh language, gd reasning matters. S t d arguments, fr they are the main medium thrugh which we reasn. Thrugh the study f infrmal lgic, nt nly will yu learn that a gd argument is cgent and a bad argument is fallacius, yu will learn hw t tell whether any argument is cgent r fallacius. But just as English is nt always the best language thrugh which t d mathematics, English is nt always the best language thugh which t d lgic. Fr this reasn, in additin t infrmal (nnsymblic) lgic, yu will learn bth classical symblic lgic and mdern sentential symblic lgic. When ur attentin turns t classical lgic, ur fcus will be n evaluating syllgisms cmpsed f general statements. When ur attentin shifts t sentential lgic, the emphasis will be n deducing claims frm their evidence via natural deductin (prfs). The central questin in this curse is "Des this (a claim) fllw frm that (its evidence)?" By the end f this curse, yu will have learned a hst f frmal methds fr settling that questin and thers that bear upn the cnstructin and evaluatin f arguments.

2 PHIL 1101 (FALL 2017), p. 2 Upn successfully cmpleting this curse, students will be able t d the fllwing: Student Learning Outcmes t understand the nature f lgic and frmal systems t understand and t apply the principles f gd deductive reasning (bth in English and symblically) t understand the fllwing distinctins: bject language vs. metalanguage infrmal lgic vs. frmal lgic deductive lgic vs. inductive lgic sentences vs. statements statements vs. statement frms arguments vs. argument frms cgency vs. validity assumptins vs. presumptins implying vs. inferring mediate inference vs. immediate inference t knw the different types f statements (atmic and cmpund), their anatmy, and the cnditins accrding t which any given statement is true r false t recgnize arguments expressed in prse and t recnstruct them in standard frm t understand the RIFUT Rule and all f the fallacies assciated with vilating it t evaluate the cgency f an argument fully t determine whether a claim fllws frm its evidence (i.e., whether an argument is valid) using truth-tables and prfs t translate statements frm English int the frmal languages f C-lgic and/r S-lgic (and vice versa) t demnstrate whether a statement is lgically true, lgically false, r cntingent t knw the lgical relatins amng statements (e.g., validity, invalidity, cnsistency, etc.) t knw the rules f natural deductin and t be able t use them bth symblically and in English t read, t understand, and t cnstruct frmal prfs t prve that a statement (r statement frm) is a therem t cnstruct cgent arguments and prfs in English

3 PHIL 1101 (FALL 2017), p. 3 Grades will be based n a cumulative 100 pint scale distributed as fllws: Requirement Acknwledgement statement (1%) 1 pint Quizzes (39%) 39 pints Exam 1 (15%) 15 pints Exam 2 (15%) 15 pints Exam 3 (30%) 30 pints A B C D F Final grade pints pints pints pints pints Curse Requirements ACKNOWLEDGEMENT STATEMENT: Each student must acknwledge knwing that each exam must be submitted by 11:55 p.m. CT n the days identified n the Game Plan. Each student must als acknwledge having read UNO s Academic Dishnesty Plicy and pledge t abide by it in this curse. Yu must cmplete the acknwledgment statement fr the quizzes t becme available t yu. Cmpleting the acknwledgment statement n Mdle is wrth 1% f yur final grade. QUIZZES: There are a series f quizzes n Mdle fr each exam. Mst quizzes may be cmpleted multiple times and yur highest scre will be recrded. Yu must receive a grade n each f the quizzes befre an exam will becme available t yu. The quizzes are wrth 39% f yur final grade. EXAMS: There will be 3 exams. Yu MAY use yur text and ntes, but yu may NOT use any ther resurces. Exam 1 cvers infrmal lgic, Exam 2 cvers classical lgic, Exam 3 cvers sentential lgic. The exams are nt weighted evenly. Each exam (like each quiz) is cmpsed f cnceptual questins as well as thse that crrespnd t the exercises fr that prtin f the curse. Everything yu will see n the exams (and quizzes) crrespnds t what yu will see in the exercises. The exams are wrth 60% f yur final grade. EXTRA CREDIT: 10 pints extra credit is available by cmpleting a fallacy recgnitin / evaluatin assignment. Each submissin is wrth 1 percentage pint. Extra credit must be cmpleted and submitted in accrdance with the guidelines that are n Mdle.

4 PHIL 1101 (FALL 2017), p. 4 What fllws are my class plicies. If fr any reasn yu are unable t abide by these plicies, yu shuld withdraw frm my curse. Curse Plicies ACADEMIC DISHONESTY: AUDITS: DISABILITIES: INCOMPLETES: LANGUAGE: LATE WORK: PROCTORING: WITHDRAWALS: Academic hnesty is fundamental t the prcess f learning and t evaluating academic perfrmance. Academic dishnesty will nt be tlerated. Academic dishnesty includes, but is nt limited t, the fllwing: cheating, plagiarism, tampering with academic recrds and examinatins, disseminating any part f an exam, falsifying identity, and being an accessry t acts f academic dishnesty. Refer t the Student Cde f Cnduct fr further infrmatin. The Cde is available n Mdle and nline at Each student is required t pledge that all cmpleted wrk will be submitting accrding t the principles f academic integrity as defined in the statement n Academic Dishnesty in the UNO Student Cde f Cnduct Whether an audit is successful will depend nly n yur class participatin perfrmance. It is University plicy t prvide, n a flexible and individualized basis, reasnable accmmdatins t students wh have disabilities that may affect their ability t participate in curse activities r t meet curse requirements. Students with disabilities shuld cntact the Office f Disability Services as well as their instructrs t discuss their individual needs fr accmmdatins. Fr mre infrmatin, please g t Incmpletes are STRONGLY discuraged. Shuld yu need t take an incmplete, arrangements must be made with me well befre the last class meeting. Feel free t say anything t me r t yur peers, but tailr yur remarks s as nt t be uncivil, abusive, r inapprpriate. I will nt tlerate ANY abusive behavir, s d nt engage in any persnal attacks r name calling. (See my 'warning' belw.) The quizzes cvering an exam will becme unavailable at the same time an exam must be submitted. N late quizzes will be given. Exams must be submitted by 11:55 p.m. CST n the day f the exam (see Game Plan), therwise it will be impssible t submit an exam fr grading. Late exams will nt be accepted. T ensure academic integrity, all students enrlled in distance learning curses at the University f New Orleans may be required t participate in additinal student identificatin prcedures. At the discretin f the faculty member teaching the curse, these measures may include n-campus prctred examinatins, ff-site r nline prctred examinatins, r ther reasnable measures t ensure student identity. Authenticatin measures fr this curse may include Prctr U and any fees assciated are the respnsibility f the student. University f New Orleans partners with Prctr U, a live, nline prctring service that allws students t cmplete exams frm any lcatin using a cmputer, webcam, and reliable internet cnnectin. Yu may withdraw frm this curse fr any reasn. Withdrawal is strictly up t yu and nne f my business. Lk in the last page fr the last day t withdraw withut a penalty a 'W' appearing n yur transcript. WARNING! Ding lgic requires a willingness t think critically. Critical thinking des nt cnsist in merely making claims. Rather, it requires ffering reasns/evidence in supprt f yur claims. It als requires yur willingness t entertain criticism frm thers wh d nt share yur assumptins. Yu will be required t d lgic in this class. Ding lgic can be hazardus t yur cherished beliefs. Cnsequently, if yu are unwilling t subject yur views t critical analysis, t explre arguments in defense f psitins yu d n hld, r t use cmputers, then my curse is nt fr yu.

5 PHIL 1101 Game Plan (subject t revisin) PHIL 1101 (FALL 2017), p. 5 WEEK TOPIC READ itunes U LECTURE QUIZ (1) Th Aug. 17 Welcme 01 Intrductin t lgic gd reasning matters (2) T Aug. 22 the nature f lgic and types f lgic the nature f arguments deductive arguments vs. inductive arguments the prblem f inductin Ch Q1 INFORMAL LOGIC What is a statement? (3) Th Aug. 24 functins f language 03 sentences vs. statements types f statements and their truth-cnditins Ch. 2 Q2 truth-functinal cmpund statements (4) T Aug types f cnditins 04 cnceptual analysis Recgnizing arguments premise = assumptin = evidence cnclusin = inference = deductin = claim (5) Th Aug. 31 evidence + claim = argument indicatrs useful generalizatins writing arguments in standard frm Ch Q3 Evaluating arguments infrmally What des it mean fr a claim t fllw frm its (6) T Sep. 05 evidence? deductin vs. inductin, valid vs. strng, invalid vs. weak 06 the principles f gd reasning Ch. 4 (7) Th Sep. 07 The RIFUT Rule: the evidence must be Relevant t the claim lgically, Independent f the claim, Free f dubius assumptins, Unambiguus, and True 07 Q4 (8) T Sep. 12 fallacies f relevance, independence, presumptin, and ambiguity 08 Q5 (9) Th Sep. 14 Review: Exam 1 due -- 11:55 p.m. CT n Friday, 09/15 (10) T Sep. 19 (11) Th Sep. 21 CLASSICAL LOGIC (C-lgic) Statements A, E, I, and O standard general statement frms translatin Venn diagrams the lgical relatins between standard general statements captured in the traditinal square f ppsitin immediate inferences bversin, cnversin, and cntrapsitin cmplements Ch Q6

6 (12) T Sep. 26 (13) Th Sep. 28 (14) T Oct. 03 Evaluating standard frm categrical syllgisms (SFCS's) syllgisms, categrical syllgisms, SFCS's cnstruct cunterexample methd rule methd distributin Venn diagram methd match syntax methd (15) Th Oct. 05 Review: Exam 2 due -- 11:55 p.m. CT n Friday, 10/06 (16) T Oct. 10 (17) T Oct. 17 (18) Th Oct. 19 (19) T Oct. 24 (20) Th Oct. 26 SENTENTIAL LOGIC (S-lgic) Statements and statement frms S-lgic alphabet and translatin statement frms and substitutin instance negatins, cnjunctins, disjunctins, cnditinals, and bicnditinals lgical equivalence lgical prperties f statements Truth-table methds anatmy f truth-tables Is this statement lgically true, lgically, false r cntingent? Are these tw statements lgically equivalent? Is this set f statements cnsistent? Is this argument valid? cnstruct cunter-example methd "lng" seek cunter-example methd "shrt" seek cunter-example methd PHIL 1101 (FALL 2017), p. 6 (21) T Oct. 31 Prf methd What is required t prve smething? natural deductin 19 rules f inference (22) Th Nv. 02 frmal prfs Ch (23) T Nv. 07 rules f replacement 21 Q12 (24) Th Nv. 09 strategy hints 22 Q13 (25) T Nv. 14 practice prfs (26) Th Nv. 16 cnditinal prf rule S-lgic is cmplete (27) T Nv. 21 indirect prf rule (28) T Nv. 28 practice prfs using CP & IP Ch. 6 Ch. 7 Ch. 8 Ch. 10 (29) Th Nv. 30 prving therems 25 Th Dec. 07 Exam 3 & EC due 11:55 p.m. CT Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q14 Q15