ECEN326: Electronic Circuits Fall 2017
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1 ECEN6: Electnic Cicuits Fall 07 Lectue : Diffeential Aplifies Sa Pale Anal & Mixed-Sinal Cente Texas A&M Uniesity
2 Annunceents Lab Use the updated Lab specs psted n the website Get the actual 6 lab kit f the MSC Bkste HW is psted n the website and due 0/4 eadin azai Chapte 0
3 Aenda Geneal cnsideatins Bipla diffeential pai MOS diffeential pai Cascde diffeential aplifies Cn-de ejectin Diffeential pai with actie lad
4 Audi Aplifie Exaple An audi aplifie is cnstucted abe that takes n a ectified AC ltae as its supply and aplifies an audi sinal f a icphne. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 4
5 Huin Nise in Audi Aplifie Exaple Undesied pwe supply nise cpnent Desied utput sinal in, DC in ut CC C C A in CC Hwee, CC cntains a ipple f ectificatin that leaks t the utput and is peceied as a huin nise by the use. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 5
6 Supply ipple ejectin X Y X A Y in A in Since bth nde X and Y cntain the ipple,, thei diffeence will be fee f ipple. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 6
7 ipple-fee Diffeential Output Since the sinal is taken as a diffeence between tw ndes, an aplifie that senses diffeential sinals is needed. Hw can we cnstuct this diffeential aplifie? CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 7
8 Cn nputs t Diffeential Aplifie X Y X A in A in 0 Y Sinals cannt be applied in phase t the inputs f a diffeential aplifie, since the utputs will als be in phase, pducin ze diffeential utput. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 8
9 Diffeential nputs t Diffeential Aplifie X A in Y A in X Y A in When the inputs ae applied diffeentially, the utputs ae 80 ut f phase; enhancin each the when sensed diffeentially. Pides twice the utput swin f the iinal aplifie CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 9
10 Diffeential Sinals A pai f diffeential sinals can be eneated, an the ways, by a tansfe. Diffeential sinals hae the ppety that they shae the sae aeae alue t und and ae equal in anitude but ppsite in phase. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 0
11 Sinle-ended s. Diffeential Sinals Sinle-Ended Sinals Measued with espect t the cn und eside n ne line nde Diffeential Sinals Measued between tw ndes eside n tw diffeential lines ndes ut sint CM sint CM sint CM sint CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies
12 Sinle-Ended & Diffeential Sinals A sinle-ended sinal is easued with espect t a fixed ptential (und) A diffeential sinal is easued between tw equal and ppsite sinals which swin aund a fixed ptential (cn-de leel) Yu can decpse diffeential sinals int a diffeential de (diffeence) and a cn-de (aeae) Sinle-Ended Sinal Diffeential Sinal DM ut ut CM ut ut
13 Sinle-Ended & Diffeential Aplifies Diffeential sinalin adantaes Cn-de nise ejectin Hihe (ideally duble) ptential utput swin Siple biasin ped lineaity Main disadantae is aea, which is uhly duble Althuh, t et the sae pefance in sinle-ended desins, we ften hae t incease the aea daatically DD Max Output Swin DD Max Output Swin GS Tn GS Tn
14 Cn-Mde Leel Sensitiity A desin which uses tw sinle-ended aplifies t ealize a diffeential aplifie is ey sensitie t the cn-de input leel The tansists bias cuent and tanscnductance can ay daatically with the cn-de input pacts sall-sinal ain Chanes the utput cn-de, which ipacts the axiu utput swin 4
15 Aenda Geneal cnsideatins Bipla diffeential pai MOS diffeential pai Cascde diffeential aplifies Cn-de ejectin Diffeential pai with actie lad 5
16 Diffeential Pai With the additin f a tail cuent, the cicuits abe peate as an eleant, yet bust diffeential pai. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 6
17 Cn-Mde espnse Assuin f siplicity EE EE BE C X C Y BE EE CC C EE CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 7
18 Cn-Mde ejectin Due t the fixed tail cuent suce, the input cn-de alue can ay withut chanin the utput cnde alue. Lwe liit f CM als ccus due t the equieent f a iniu cpliance ltae Assuin BC =0 f satuatin ( CE ~0.7) acss a eal cuent suce Often we allw f BC =0.4 CE ~0. and still cnside actie de peatin, althuh this is fally sft satuatin n any pbles, ll ake it clea what assuptins t use CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 8
19 Diffeential espnse Bi Diffeential nput Cutff EE ~. C C X Y 0 EE CC CC C EE CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 9
20 Diffeential espnse Bi Diffeential nput Cutff ~. EE C C Y X 0 EE CC CC C EE CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 0
21 Diffeential Pai Chaacteistics Tansist Cuents Output Cn Mde Output ltaes CC C EE Nne-ze diffeential input pduces aiatins in utput cuents and ltaes, wheeas cn-de input pduces n aiatins. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies
22 Sall-Sinal Analysis C C EE EE Since the input t Q and Q ises and falls by the sae aunt, and thei bases ae tied tethe, the ise in C has the sae anitude as the fall in C. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies
23 CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies itual Gund F sall chanes at inputs, the s ae the sae, and the espectie incease and decease f C and C ae the sae, nde P ust stay cnstant t accdate these chanes. Theefe, nde P can be iewed as AC und. C C P 0 Because C C P C P C
24 CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 4 Sall-Sinal Diffeential Gain Since the utput chanes by - C and input by, the sall sinal ain is C, siila t that f the CE stae. Hwee, t btain sae ain as the CE stae, pwe dissipatin is dubled. C C diff Y X A C Y C X C C
25 CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 5 Lae Sinal Analysis ln ln ln KL aund the input netwk Witin a. ln ln Usin. C C T S C T S C T BE BE in in BE in P BE in S C T BE S C T BE S C e T BE
26 Lae Sinal Analysis C. Witin a KCL at nde P C C exp EE C exp in in T T C 4. Cbinin peius KL equatin with the KCL in in exp EE in EE C T EE in 5. F cicuit syety exp exp EE in in T T in in CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 6
27 nput/output Chaacteistics C C EE exp exp exp in in EE in T T T in in in ut in in tanh CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 7 C EE ut f in - in 4 T = 04, the ajity f the cuent is steeed thuh Q T
28 Linea/Nnlinea eins The left clun peates in linea ein, wheeas the iht clun peates in nnlinea ein. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 8
29 Sall-Sinal Mdel We can use the itual GND cncept discussed in Slide 4 t siplify this CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 9
30 itual GND Pf 0 0 that which iplies and usin the abe KL, peatin F diffeential and F sall sinals 0 KCL at nde P. KL aund the input netwks. in P in in in in P in
31 Half Cicuits ut ut ut in ut ut ut in C C in in C Since P is unded, we can teat the diffeential pai as tw CE half cicuits, with half the utput swin n eithe side f the cicuit is syetical, we can just analyze the half-cicuit with a itual und t et the ain equatin CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies
32 Exaple: Diffeential Gain w/ finite ut in ut in O CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies
33 Extensin f itual Gund Syety Axis X 0 t can be shwn that if =, and pints A and B up and dwn by the sae aunt espectiely, X des nt e. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies
34 Half Cicuit Exaple A CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 4 O O
35 Half Cicuit Exaple A CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 5 O O
36 Half Cicuit Exaple assuin f siplicity A CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 6 E C
37 Half Cicuit Exaple assuin f siplicity A E CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 7 C
38 BJT Diffeential Pai nput esistance 8 n de t btain the diffeential input esistance, apply a test diffeential ltae X and find the deelped cuent i X i i i X X in X X X Diffeential
39 Aenda Geneal cnsideatins Bipla diffeential pai MOS diffeential pai Cascde diffeential aplifies Cn-de ejectin Diffeential pai with actie lad 9
40 MOS Diffeential Pai s Cn-Mde espnse SS SS X Y DD D SS Siila t its bipla cuntepat, MOS diffeential pai pduces ze diffeential utput as CM chanes. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 40
41 Equilibiu Oedie ltae Usin Satuatin D nc x W L GS TH SS SS GS TH equil C n SS x W L The equilibiu edie ltae is defined as the edie ltae seen by M and M when bth cay an SS / cuent Lae tail cuent salle W/L esults in a lae equilibiu edie ltae CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 4
42 Miniu Cn-de Output ltae DD D SS CM TH n de t aintain M and M in satuatin, the cnde utput ltae cannt fall belw the alue abe. This alue usually liits ltae ain. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 4
43 Diffeential espnse CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 4
44 Sall-Sinal espnse 0 A P D Siila t its bipla cuntepat, the MOS diffeential pai exhibits the sae itual und nde and sall sinal ain. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 44
45 Pwe and Gain Tadeff n de t btain the suce ain as a CS stae, a MOS diffeential pai ust dissipate twice the aunt f cuent (assuin the sae MOSFET edie ltae). This pwe and ain tadeff is als eched in its bipla cuntepat. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 45
46 MOS Diffeential Pai s Lae-Sinal espnse. Witin a in D Usin in in GS D in in in nc GS Squain bth sides KL aund the input netwk GS. Witin a KCL at the tail nde D SS x C n W L GS x W L GS D TH C n x D W L and GS D D D CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 46 TH D C n x n C W L D x W L SS D D
47 MOS Diffeential Pai s Lae-Sinal espnse Afte se alebaic anipulatins (see azai0..), can shw that D D D SS SS D in in nc 4 4 x in in W L C n C SS in n x x W L W L in 4 4 SS 4 n SS C C x n C W L n x CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 47 x W L W L in in in in in in *Nte, this equatin is nly alid f a cetain axiu input diffeential ltae in in
48 Maxiu Diffeential nput ltae ncx W 4 D D in in L W ncx L The abe equatin is nly alid when bth This stps when GS TH C n GS SS x SS W L TH and GS M in and M suppts a full in SS ae n. alue. Thee exists a finite diffeential input ltae that cpletely stees the tail cuent f ne tansist t the the. This alue is knwn as the axiu diffeential input ltae. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 48 in in ax GS TH equil C n SS x W L
49 Cntast Between MOS and Bipla Diffeential Pais MOS Bipla ut ut D nc x W L SS in in 4 C n x W L in in ut ut C EE in in tanh T n a MOS diffeential pai, thee exists a finite diffeential input ltae t cpletely switch the cuent f ne tansist t the the, wheeas, in a bipla pai that ltae is infinite. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 49
50 The effects f Dublin the Tail Cuent Since SS is dubled and W/L is unchaned, the equilibiu edie ltae f each tansist ust incease by t accdate this chane, thus in,ax inceases by as well. Mee, since SS is dubled, the diffeential utput swin will duble. Sall sinal ain als inceases by Linea input ane inceases, assuin D alue is sall enuh t keep tansists in satuatin CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 50
51 The effects f Dublin W/L Since W/L is dubled and the tail cuent eains unchaned, the equilibiu edie ltae will be lweed by t accdate this chane, thus in,ax will be lweed by as well. Mee, the diffeential utput swin will eain unchaned since neithe SS n D has chaned Sall sinal ain inceases by Linea input ane deceases CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 5
52 Sall-Sinal Analysis f MOS Diffeential Pai nc x W L D SS SS SS C in D in nc 4 C n x x W L W L in n in x W L 4 C n x W L in in in in in in When the input diffeential sinal is sall cpaed t 4 SS / n C x (W/L), the utput diffeential cuent is linealy pptinal t it, and sall-sinal del can be applied. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 5
53 itual Gund and Half Cicuit ut ut ut ut C C in in 0 A P C Applyin the sae analysis as the bipla case, we will aie at the sae cnclusin that nde P will nt e f sall input sinals and the cncept f half cicuit can be used t calculate the ain. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 5
54 Sall-Sinal pedance: Siple Cuent Suce (Finite ) ut 54
55 Sall-Sinal pedance: Dide Lad (Finite ) ut 55
56 Sall-Sinal pedance: Lkin nt Suce (Finite and b ) 56 b b ut b b i
57 Sall-Sinal pedance: Lkin nt Suce w/ D (Finite and b ) ut b D 57
58 CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 58 MOS Diffeential Pai Half Cicuit Exaple 0 O O A ut
59 MOS Diffeential Pai Half Cicuit Exaple A CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 59 0
60 MOS Diffeential Pai Half Cicuit Exaple A 0 CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 60 SS DD
61 Aenda Geneal cnsideatins Bipla diffeential pai MOS diffeential pai Cascde diffeential aplifies Cn-de ejectin Diffeential pai with actie lad 6
62 Maxiu Diffeential Aplifie Gain w/ finite ut in ut in O With ideal cuent suce lads, the diffeential ain is liited by the intinsic tansist ain ( ) Hw t incease the ain futhe? Use a tply which bsts the utput esistance 6
63 Bipla Cascde Tply 6 x x 0 KCL at the utput nde Witin a ut x x x i i i i i i The dinant te is the btt effectie esistance bsted by the ain f the tp tansist ( )
64 CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 64 Bipla Cascde Diffeential Pai ut Cascde Output esistance A Gain is uhly squaed elatie t the siple diffeential pai Tade-ff is educed utput ltae swin ane Sliht appxiatin hee. Me when we study Cascdes in detail.
65 CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 65 Bipla Telescpic Cascde A
66 CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 66 Exaple: Bipla Telescpic Paasitic esistance p O O O O O O O p A ) (
67 MOS Cascde Tply 67 0 KCL at the utput nde Witin a ut x x x i i i i i i The dinant te is the btt effectie esistance bsted by the ain f the tp tansist ( ) x x
68 CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 68 MOS Cascde Diffeential Pai A ut Cascde Output esistance Gain is uhly squaed elatie t the siple diffeential pai Tade-ff is educed utput ltae swin ane
69 MOS Telescpic Cascde A CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 69 ( 5 O5 7 O O O )
70 CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 70 Exaple: MOS Telescpic Paasitic esistance p A
71 Aenda Geneal cnsideatins Bipla diffeential pai MOS diffeential pai Cascde diffeential aplifies Cn-de ejectin Diffeential pai with actie lad 7
72 Effect f Finite Tail pedance C ut, CM in, CM Assuin = f the tail cuent suce is nt ideal, then when a input CM ltae is applied, the cuents in Q and Q and hence utput CM ltae will chane. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 7 EE C / /
73 nput CM Nise with deal Tail Cuent CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 7
74 nput CM Nise with Nn-ideal Tail Cuent Cn-de nise is nw tansfeed t the sinle-ended utputs Hwee, utput diffeential sinal is still ideally unaffected by cnde nise CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 74
75 Cpaisn As it can be seen, the diffeential utput ltaes f bth cases ae the sae. S f sall input CM nise, the diffeential pai is nt affected. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 75
76 CM t DM Cnesin, A CM-DM f finite tail ipedance and asyety ae bth pesent, then the diffeential utput sinal will cntain a ptin f input cn-de sinal. ut D Assuin hih CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 76 ut D CM CM ut ut D A net cuent f ut CM in the diff. pai tansists and D D will flw thuh GS D GS D SS D D D CM D SS CM SS SS D SS D GS D SS GS D D
77 CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 77 Exaple: A CM-DM A C ut C CM ut DM CM
78 CM C C CM C C EE A A CM DM C DM C C EE CM defines the ati f wanted aplified diffeential input sinal t unwanted cneted input cn-de nise that appeas at the utput. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 78
79 Aenda Geneal cnsideatins Bipla diffeential pai MOS diffeential pai Cascde diffeential aplifies Cn-de ejectin Diffeential pai with actie lad 79
80 Diffeential t Sinle-ended Cnesin Siple OpAp Many cicuits equie a diffeential t sinle-ended cnesin, hwee, the abe tply is nt ey d. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 80
81 Supply Nise Cuptin The st citical dawback f this tply is supply nise cuptin, since n cn-de cancellatin echanis exists. Als, we lse half f the sinal. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 8
82 Gain eductin in in in ut ut in in in C in in in in in C C The st citical dawback f this tply is supply nise cuptin, since n cn-de cancellatin echanis exists. Als, we lse half f the sinal. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 8
83 Bette Altenatie Cuent Mi Actie Lad This cicuit tply pefs diffeential t sinle-ended cnesin with n lss f ain. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 8
84 Actie Lad ~ EE With cuent i used as the lad, the sinal cuent pduced by the Q can be eplicated nt Q 4. This type f lad is diffeent f the cnentinal static lad and is knwn as an actie lad. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 84
85 Diffeential Pai with Actie Lad EE ut L The input diffeential pai deceases the cuent dawn f L by and the actie lad pushes an exta int L by cuent i actin; these effects enhance each the. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 85
86 Actie Lad s. Static Lad Actie Lad Static Lad The lad n the left espnds t the input sinal and enhances the sinle-ended utput, wheeas the lad n the iht des nt. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 86
87 MOS Diffeential Pai with Actie Lad ut L SS SS SS Siila t its bipla cuntepat, MOS diffeential pai can als use actie lad t enhance its sinle-ended utput. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 87
88 Asyetic Diffeential Pai Because f the astly diffeent esistance anitude at the dains f M and M, the ltae swins at these tw ndes ae diffeent and theefe nde P cannt be iewed as a itual und. CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 88
89 Theenin Equialent f the nput Pai T Find The The The N N CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 89 N ( ) in in
90 CH 0 Diffeential Aplifies 90 Siplified Diffeential Pai with Actie Lad ) ( OP ON N in in ut P N N in in ut P ut The ut The P P The ut The ut The The The The ut ut A The ut The A E A and and and since 0 0 KCL at the utput nde Witin a diided esin f can be iewed as a
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