Electric Fields and Electric Forces
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1 Cpyight, iley 006 (Cutnell & Jhnsn 9. Ptential Enegy Chapte 9 mgh mgh GPE GPE Electic Fields and Electic Fces 9. Ptential Enegy 9. Ptential Enegy 9. The Electic Ptential Diffeence 9. The Electic Ptential Diffeence DEFINITION OF ELECTRIC POTENTIL The electic ptential at a given pint is the electic ptential enegy f a small test chage divided by the chage itself: V The ptential enegy pe unit chage is called the electic ptential. SI Unit f Electic Ptential: jule/culmb vlt (V V V ( Pepaed by ssc. Pf. D. JJ., FSG, UiTM
2 Cpyight, iley 006 (Cutnell & Jhnsn 9. The Electic Ptential Diffeence 9. The Electic Ptential Diffeence Example k, Ptential Enegy, and Electic Ptential The wk dne by the electic fce as the test chage (+.0x0-6 C mves fm t is +5.0x0-5 J. Find the diffeence in between these pints. (b Detemine the ptential diffeence between these pints. (b V V J V C J V V 9. The Electic Ptential Diffeence 9. The Electic Ptential Diffeence Cnceptual Example The cceleatins f Psitive and Negative Chages psitive test chage is eleased fm and acceleates twads. Upn eaching, the test chage cntinues t acceleate twad C. ssuming that nly mtin alng the line is pssible, what will a negative test chage d when eleased fm est at? psitive chage acceleates fm a egin f highe electic ptential twad a egin f lwe electic ptential. negative chage acceleates fm a egin f lwe ptential twad a egin f highe ptential. 9. The Electic Ptential Diffeence e nw include electic ptential enegy as pat f the ttal enegy that an bject can have: E mv + Iω + mgh + kx + 9. The Electic Ptential Diffeence Example 4 The Cnsevatin f Enegy paticle has a mass f.8x0-5 kg and a chage f +3.0x0-5 C. It is eleased fm pint and acceleates hizntally until it eaches pint. The nly fce acting n the paticle is the electic fce, and the electic ptential at is 5V geate than at C. hat is the speed f the paticle at pint? (b If the same paticle had a negative chage and wee eleased fm pint, what wuld be its speed at? One electn vlt is the magnitude f the amunt by which the ptential enegy f an electn changes when the electn mves thugh a ptential diffeence f ne vlt. ev V Pepaed by ssc. Pf. D. JJ., FSG, UiTM
3 Cpyight, iley 006 (Cutnell & Jhnsn 9. The Electic Ptential Diffeence 9. The Electic Ptential Diffeence mv + mv + mv ( V V v ( V V m mv mv + ( 0 C( 5 V (.8 0 kg 9.m s 3.0 mv mv + ( V V v ( V V m ( C( 5 V (.8 0 kg 9.m s 9.3 The Electic Ptential Diffeence Ceated by Pint Chages 9.3 The Electic Ptential Diffeence Ceated by Pint Chages k V V k k k Example 5 The Ptential f a Pint Chage Using a ze efeence ptential at infinity, detemine the amunt by which a pint chage f 4.0x0-8 C altes the electic ptential at a spt.m away when the chage is psitive and (b negative. Ptential f a pint chage k V 9.3 The Electic Ptential Diffeence Ceated by Pint Chages 9.3 The Electic Ptential Diffeence Ceated by Pint Chages k V 9 ( N m C ( C. m V Example 6 The Ttal Electic Ptential t lcatins and, find the ttal electic ptential. (b V 300 V Pepaed by ssc. Pf. D. JJ., FSG, UiTM 3
4 Cpyight, iley 006 (Cutnell & Jhnsn 9.3 The Electic Ptential Diffeence Ceated by Pint Chages 9.3 The Electic Ptential Diffeence Ceated by Pint Chages V V 9 9 ( N m C ( C ( N m C ( C V 0.0 m 0.60 m 9 9 ( N m C ( C ( N m C (.0 0 C + 0 V 0.40 m 0.40 m Cnceptual Example 7 hee is the Ptential Ze? Tw pint chages ae fixed in place. The psitive chage is + and the negative chage is. On the line that passes thugh the chages, hw many places ae thee at which the ttal ptential is ze? 9.4 Euiptential Sufaces and Thei Relatin t the Electic Field 9.4 Euiptential Sufaces and Thei Relatin t the Electic Field n euiptential suface is a suface n which the electic ptential is the same eveywhee. k V The electic field ceated by any chage gup f chages is eveywhee pependicula t the assciated euiptential sufaces and pints in the diectin f deceasing ptential. The net electic fce des n wk n a chage as it mves n an euiptential suface. 9.4 Euiptential Sufaces and Thei Relatin t the Electic Field 9.4 Euiptential Sufaces and Thei Relatin t the Electic Field E s Pepaed by ssc. Pf. D. JJ., FSG, UiTM 4
5 Cpyight, iley 006 (Cutnell & Jhnsn 9.4 Euiptential Sufaces and Thei Relatin t the Electic Field 9.4 Euiptential Sufaces and Thei Relatin t the Electic Field Example 9 The Electic Field and Ptential e Related The plates f the capacit ae sepaated by a distance f 0.03 m, and the ptential diffeence between them is V -V -64V. etween the tw euiptential sufaces shwn in cl, thee is a ptential diffeence f -3.0V. Find the spacing between the tw cled sufaces. 64 V 3 E.0 0 V m s 0.03 m.0 V s E.0 0 V m 3 3 m 9.5 Capacits and Dielectics 9.5 Capacits and Dielectics paallel plate capacit cnsists f tw metal plates, ne caying chage + and the the caying chage. It is cmmn t fill the egin between the plates with an electically insulating substance called a dielectic. THE RELTION ETEEN CHRGE ND POTENTIL DIFFERENCE FOR CPCITOR The magnitude f the chage in each place f the capacit is diectly pptinal t the magnitude f the ptential diffeence between the plates. CV The capacitance C is the pptinality cnstant. SI Unit f Capacitance: culmb/vlt faad (F 9.5 Capacits and Dielectics 9.5 Capacits and Dielectics THE DIELECTRIC CONSTNT If a dielectic is inseted between the plates f a capacit, the capacitance can incease makedly. Dielectic cnstant E κ E Pepaed by ssc. Pf. D. JJ., FSG, UiTM 5
6 Cpyight, iley 006 (Cutnell & Jhnsn 9.5 Capacits and Dielectics 9.5 Capacits and Dielectics THE CPCITNCE OF PRLLEL PLTE CPCITOR E V E κ d E ( ε Cnceptual Example The Effect f a Dielectic hen a Capacit Has a Cnstant Chage n empty capacit is cnnected t a battey and chaged up. The capacit is then discnnected fm the battey, and a slab f dielectic mateial is inseted between the plates. Des the vltage acss the plates incease, emain the same, decease? κε V d Paallel plate capacit filled with a dielectic κε C d 9.5 Capacits and Dielectics 9.5 Capacits and Dielectics Example Cmpute Keybad One cmmn kind f cmpute keybad is based n the idea f capacitance. Each key is munted n ne end f a plunge, the the end being attached t a mvable metal plate. The mvable plate and the fixed plate fm a capacit. hen the key is pessed, the capacitance inceases. The change in capacitance is detected, theeby ecgnizing the key which has been pessed. The sepaatin between the plates is 5.00 mm, but is educed t 0.50 mm when a key is pessed. The plate aea is 9.50x0-5 m and the capacit is filled with a mateial whse dielectic cnstant is Detemine the change in capacitance detected by the cmpute. κε C d κε C d ( ( ( ( C N m m F m ( ( ( ( C N m m F m C F 9.5 Capacits and Dielectics 9.6 imedical pplicatins f Electical Ptential Diffeences ENERGY STORGE IN CPCITOR Enegy CV Vlume d Enegy κε d ( Ed Enegy density Enegy Vlume κε E Pepaed by ssc. Pf. D. JJ., FSG, UiTM 6
7 Cpyight, iley 006 (Cutnell & Jhnsn 9.6 imedical pplicatins f Electical Ptential Diffeences 9.6 imedical pplicatins f Electical Ptential Diffeences 9.6 imedical pplicatins f Electical Ptential Diffeences 9.6 imedical pplicatins f Electical Ptential Diffeences 9.6 imedical pplicatins f Electical Ptential Diffeences Pepaed by ssc. Pf. D. JJ., FSG, UiTM 7
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