Advanced SAR 2 Polarimetry

Transcription

1 Advanced SAR Polarimetry Eric POTTIER Monday 3 September, Lecture D1Lb5-3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 1

2 $y RADAR POLARIMETRY $x r Ezt (, ) $z Radar Polarimetry (Polar : polarisation Metry: measure) is the science of acquiring, processing and analysing the polarization state of an electromagnetic field Radar Polarimetry deals with the full vector nature of polarized electromagnetic waves 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER

3 RADAR POLARIMETRY The POLARISATION information Contained in the waves backscattered from a given medium is highly related to: its geometrical structure reflectivity, shape and orientation its geophysical properties such as humidity, roughness, 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 3

4 APPLICATIONS OF RADAR POLARIMETRY IN REMOTE SENSING (EARTH MONITORING) AGRICULTURE LAND USE METEOROLOGY HYDROLOGY GEOLOGY FORESTRY SEA / ICE OCEANOGRAPHY TOPOGRAPHY CARTOGRAPHY SECURITY HUMANITARIAN DEMINING 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 4

5 SCATTERING COEFFICIENT R X T A X X X T X X X X TRANSMITTER: RECEIVER: X X R X SXX SXX SXX SXX SCATTERING COEFFICIENT S XX 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 5

6 $y $x POLARISATION ELLIPSE r Ezt (, ) $z r E REAL ELECTRIC FIELD VECTOR ( z,t) E = E E x y z = E = E = x y cos cos ( ωt kz δ ) x ( ωt kz δ ) y 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 6

7 $y $x POLARISATION ELLIPSE r Ezt (, ) $y r Ez ( t), $x z $z THE REAL ELECTRIC FIELD VECTOR MOVES IN TIME ALONG AN ELLIPSE E E x x E E x x E E y y cos y ( δ ) + = sin ( δ ) 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 7 E E y With: δ = δ y δ x

8 $y $y r Ezt (, = ) $x A φ α $,$ zn φ τ $x φ : ORIENTATION ANGLE A : WAVE AMPLITUDE π π φ α : ABSOLUTE PHASE τ : ELLIPTICITY ANGLE π τ 4 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 8

9 POLARISATION HANDENESS ROTATION SENSE: LOOKING INTO THE DIRECTION OF THE WAVE PROPAGATION $y $x +τ τ $z ANTI-CLOCKWISE ROTATION CLOCKWISE ROTATION LEFT HANDED POLARISATION RIGHT HANDED POLARISATION ELLIPTICITY ANGLE : τ > π π τ 4 4 ELLIPTICITY ANGLE : τ < 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 9

10 HORIZONTAL POLARISATION STATE $y $z r Ezt (, ) $x H JONES VECTOR 1 = φ = τ = VERTICAL POLARISATION STATE $y $z r Ezt (, ) $x V = 1 π φ = τ = LEFT CIRCULAR POLARISATION STATE $y $z r E( z, t) $x 1 1 LC = j π π φ + π τ = + 4 RIGHT CIRCULAR POLARISATION STATE $y $z r E( z, t) $x 1 1 RC = j π π φ + π τ = 4 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 1

11 R X X X T T R Y A X A Y X X X X R X S XX S XX S XX S XX R Y TRANSMITTER: RECEIVERS: X X & Y S YX S YX S YX S YX JONES VECTORS 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 11 E S = WAVE POLARIMETRY S S XX YX

12 R X X Y T T R Y A X A Y X Y X Y R X S XX S XY S XX S XY R Y TRANSMITTER: RECEIVERS: X & Y X & Y S YX S YY S YX S YY SINCLAIR MATRICES 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 1 [ S] = S S XX YX SCATTERING POLARIMETRY S S XY YY

13 POLARIMETRIC AIRBORNE SAR SENSORS AES1 InterMap Technologies (D) GulfStream Commander X-Band (HH), P-Band (Quad) AIRSAR NASA / JPL (USA) DC8 P, L, C-Band (Quad) AuSAR - INGARA D.S.T.O (Aus) DC3 (97) KingAir 35 () Beach 19C X-Band (Quad) DOSAR EADS / Dornier GmbH (D) DO 8 (89), C16 (98), G () S, C, X-Band (Quad), Ka-Band (VV) ESAR DLR (D) DO 8 P, L, S-Band (Quad) C, X-Band (Sngl) EMISAR DCRS (DK) G3 Aircraft L, C-Band (Quad) MEMPHIS / AER II-PAMIR FGAN (D) Transal C16 Ka, W-Band (Quad) / X-Band (Quad) STORM UVSQ / CETP (F) Merlin IV C-Band (Quad) PHARUS TNO - FEL (NL) CESSNA Citation II C-Band (Quad) PISAR NASDA / CRL (J) GulfStream L, X-Band (Quad) RAMSES ONERA (F) Transal C16 P, L, S, C, X, Ku, Ka, W-Band (Quad) SAR58 Environnement Canada (CA) Convair CV-58 C, X-Band (Quad) 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 13

14 POLARIMETRIC SPACEBORNE SAR SENSORS SIR-C NASA / JPL (USA) April 1994 (1 days) October 1994 (1 days) L, C-Band (Quad) ENVISAT / ASAR ESA (EU) C-Band (Sngl / Twin) ALOS / PALSAR JAXA (J) January 6 L-Band (Sngl / Twin / Quad) TerraSAR-X DLR / EADS-ASTRIUM / InfoTerra GmbH June 7 X-Band (Sngl / Twin / Quad?) RADARSAT CSA / MDA (CA) 7 C-Band (Quad) 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 14

15 ESAR DO 8 P, L, S-Band (Quad) C, X-Band (Sngl) P-Band Experimental Synthetic Aperture Radar System X-Band L-Band C-Band Courtesy of 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 15

16 ALLING P-Band C-Band L-Band Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik und Radarsysteme Google Earth 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 16

17 ALLING Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx HH db HV db VV db -3dB -15dB db 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 17

18 Google Earth HH HV VV 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 18

19 H V POLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORS [S] SINCLAIR Matrix S S HH HV [ S] = VH S S VV TRANSMITTER: RECEIVERS: H & V H & V k [T] Target Vector 3x3 COHERENCY Matrix 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 19

20 BACKSCATTERING MATRIX or SINCLAIR MATRIX RECIPROCITY THEOREM S = BSA XY S BSA YX E E s X s Y = e r jkr S S XX XY S S XY YY E E i X i Y DEFINED IN THE LOCAL COORDINATES SYSTEM [S] IS INDEPENDENT OF THE POLARISATION STATE OF THE INCIDENCE WAVE [S] IS DEPENDENT ON THE FREQUENCY AND THE GEOMETRICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SCATTERER TOTAL SCATTERED POWER ([ S] ) = Trace [ S][ S] ( T* ) = S + S S Span + 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER XX XY YY

21 S S VECTORIZATION OF [S] S HH HV [ S] = k = V ([ S] ) = Trace( [ S][ ψ ]) HV S VV SET OF x COMPLEX MATRICES FROM THE PAULI MATRICES GROUP 1 [ ] ψ P = 1, 1 1, TARGET VECTOR 1 k = S + S S S S [ ] HH VV HH VV HV FROBENIUS NORM = SPAN [S] ( ) ([ ]) [ ][ ] T* * HH HV VV k = k k = span S = Trace S S = S + S + S 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 1 T

22 TARGET VECTOR k 1 k = S + S S S S [ ] HH VV HH VV HV T COHERENCY MATRIX [T] [ T] * T = k k = A C jd H + jg C + jd B + B E+ jf H jg E jf B B HERMITIAN MATRIX - RANK 1 A, B+B, B-B : HUYNEN TARGET GENERATORS [T] is closer related to Physical and Geometrical Properties of the Scattering Process, and thus allows a better and direct physical interpretation 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER

23 TARGET GENERATORS PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION SINGLE BOUNCE SCATTERING (ROUGH SURFACE) DOUBLE BOUNCE SCATTERING VOLUME SCATTERING T + 11 = A = SHH SVV T = 33 = B B SHV T = B + B = SHH SVV 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 3

24 ALLING HH+VV db HV db HH-VV db -3dB -15dB db 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 4

25 Google Earth HH+VV HV HH-VV T 11 =A T 33 =B -B T =B +B 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 5

26 ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION [ S ] ( B,B ) U( A,A ) a( B,B ) SINCLAIR MATRIX [ ] T [ S ][ ] ( A,A ) U( A,A ) a( B, ) = B CON-SIMILARITY TRANSFORMATION [ U ] ( A,A ) a( B, ) B [ T ] ( B,B ) U 3( A,A ) a( B,B ) U() SPECIAL UNITARY ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION MATRIX COHERENCY MATRIX [ ][ ][ ] T 1 ( A,A ) U 3( A,A ) ( B,B ) = a SIMILARITY TRANSFORMATION [ U ] 3 ( A,A ) a( B, ) B U(3) SPECIAL UNITARY ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION MATRIX 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 6

27 ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION [ U] = cos sin SPECIAL UNITARY SU() GROUP jα ( φ ) sin( φ ) cos( τ ) j sin( τ ) e ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) jα φ cos φ j sin τ cos τ e [ U ( φ )] [ U ( τ )] [ ( α )] U 1 cos ( ) ( ) ( ) ( α ) ( ) ( α ) cos τ j sin τ cos α j sin ( φ ) sin( φ ) 1 j sin α cos ( φ ) cos( φ ) ( ) ( ) j sin τ cos τ [U 3 (φ)] [U 3 (τ)] [U 3 (α)] sin ( φ τ, α ) SPECIAL UNITARY SU(3) GROUP, POLARIZATION ELLIPSE PARAMETERS 1 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 7

28 ELLIPTICAL BASIS TRANSFORMATION $y $x $z Pauli Color Coding (H,V) Pauli Color Coding (+45,-45) Ernst LÜNEBURG (PIERS95 - Pasadena) Pauli Color Coding (L,R) 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 8

29 POLARIMETRIC TARGET DIMENSION POLARIMETRIC GOLDEN NUMBER 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 9

30 S S XX XY [ S] = YX S S YY 5 DEGREES OF FREEDOM S φ XX, XY XX S XY, φ, S YY YY XX COHERENCY MATRIX [T] 9 HUYNEN REAL PARAMETERS (A, B, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) TARGET MONOSTATIC POLARIMETRIC «DIMENSION» = = 4 TARGET EQUATIONS 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 3

31 [ T ] PURE TARGET MONOSTATIC CASE = k k *T A = C + jd H jg C jd B E + B jf H + jg E + jf B B 3x3 HERMITIAN MATRIX - RANK 1 A C H ( B + B) C D = A ( B B) A DG ( B B) EH GF = D( B B) A F CG DH = G( B + B) ( B + B) CE DF = E + CH 9 PRINCIPAL MINORS = = F 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 31 B B G E H = = + FH GE = + FC ED =

32 S φ XX, XY XX S XY, φ, S YY YY XX S S XX XY [ S] = 5 DEGREES OF FREEDOM COHERENCY MATRIX [T] YX S S YY 9 HUYNEN REAL PARAMETERS (A, B, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) TARGET MONOSTATIC POLARIMETRIC «DIMENSION» = = 4 TARGET EQUATIONS A A ( B + B) ( B B) A E A F = C = G + D + H = CH DG = CG + DH 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 3

33 POLARIMETRIC REMOTE SENSING POLARIMETRIC SAR DATA SET(S) POLSAR - POLINSAR DATA PROCESSING QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS TWO-STEP INVERSION PROCEDURE POLARIMETRIC DESCRIPTORS EXTRACTION BIO and GEO PHYSICAL PARAMETERS MODEL-BASED PHYSICAL PARAMETER INVERSION QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 33

34 YY YX XY XX POL-SAR PROCESSING PHENOMENOLOGIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS POLARIMETRIC SPECKLE FILTERING POLARIMETRIC TARGET DECOMPOSITION POLARIMETRIC CLASSIFICATION MONO/DUAL CHANNELS 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 34

35 YY YX XY XX POL-SAR PROCESSING PHENOMENOLOGIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS POLARIMETRIC SPECKLE FILTERING POLARIMETRIC TARGET DECOMPOSITION POLARIMETRIC CLASSIFICATION MONO/DUAL CHANNELS 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 35

36 SPECKLE FILTERING SPECKLE PHENOMENON DISTORTION OF THE INTERPRETATION SPECKLE FILTERING HOMOGENEOUS AREA HETEROGENEOUS AREA SPECKLE REDUCTION (RADIOMETRIC RESOLUTION) DETAILS PRESERVATION (SPATIAL RESOLUTION) 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 36

37 SPECKLE FILTERING SPECKLE FILTER AVERAGING DATA [ ] T = *T kk SECOND ORDER STATISTICS COHERENCY MATRICES 1 N N [ T ] = i= 1 *T k i k i SMOOTHING AVERAGING CONCEPT OF THE DISTRIBUTED TARGET 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 37

38 TARGET DECOMPOSITIONS PURE TARGET COHERENCY MATRIX [T] POLARIMETRIC DISTRIBUTED TARGET «DIMENSION»= 5 9 REAL DEPENDANT HUYNEN PARAMETERS (A,B,B,C,D,E,F,G,H) 9-5 = 4 TARGET EQUATIONS A A ( B + B) ( B B) A E A F = C = G + H 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 38 + D = CH DG = CG + DH

39 TARGET DECOMPOSITIONS DISTRIBUTED TARGET COHERENCY MATRIX <[T]> POLARIMETRIC DISTRIBUTED TARGET «DIMENSION»= 9 9 REAL INDEPENDANT HUYNEN PARAMETERS (<A>,<B>,<B>,<C>,<D>,<E>,<F>,<G>,<H>) 9 TARGET INEQUATIONS ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) A B + B C + D H B + B C E + D F A B B G + H G B + B C F D E A E C H D G C B B H E + F G A F C G + D H D B B F H G E B B + E + F 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 39

40 TARGET DECOMPOSITIONS [ S ] 1 [ T ] 1 [ S ] [ T ] [ S ] 3 [ T ] 3 [ S ] N [ T ] N DECOMPOSITION THEOREM 1 N i = N i= 1 [ T ] = [ ] [ T ] T i DISTRIBUTED TARGET or AVERAGED TARGET MEAN TARGET 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 4

41 YY YX XY XX POL-SAR PROCESSING PHENOMENOLOGIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS POLARIMETRIC SPECKLE FILTERING POLARIMETRIC TARGET DECOMPOSITION POLARIMETRIC CLASSIFICATION MONO/DUAL CHANNELS 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 41

42 [ S ] COHERENT DECOMPOSITION [ T ] [ C ] AZIMUTHAL SYMMETRY E. KROGAGER (199) W.L. CAMERON (199) EIGENVECTORS BASED DECOMPOSITION S.R. CLOUDE (1985) MODEL BASED DECOMPOSITION A.J. FREEMAN S.L. DURDEN (199) Y. YAMAGUSHI (5) [ K ] TARGET DICHOTOMY W.A. HOLM (1988) EIGENVECTORS / EIGENVALUES ANALYSIS & MODEL BASED DECOMPOSITION J.J. VAN ZYL (199) J.R. HUYNEN (197) R.M. BARNES (1988) EIGENVECTORS / EIGENVALUES ANALYSIS ENTROPY / ANISOTROPY / ALPHA S.R. CLOUDE - E. POTTIER ( ) 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 4

43 THE H / A / α POLARIMETRIC TARGET DECOMPOSITION THEOREM S.R. CLOUDE - E. POTTIER ( ) 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 43

44 λ1 1 T = U U = u u u 1 3 λ u u u λ3 [ ] [ 3][ Σ][ 3] H / A / α TARGET VECTOR LOCAL ESTIMATE OF THE COHERENCY MATRIX DECOMPOSITION 1 k = S + S S S S EIGENVECTORS / EIGENVALUES ANALYSIS ORTHOGONAL EIGENVECTORS [ XX YY XX YY XY ] 1 N 1 N N N i= 1 i= 1 * [ T] = ki k T i = [ Ti ] 1 3 REAL EIGENVALUES λ > λ > λ 1 3 P λ i i = 3 λ k k= 1 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 44 T * T

45 H / A / α DECOMPOSITION [ U 3 ] = PARAMETERISATION OF THE SU(3) UNITARY MATRIX cos( α 1) cos( α ) cos( α 3) j sin( )cos( )e 1 j α sin( )cos( )e sin( )cos( )e 1 β1 α β α 3 β3 j sin( 1)sin ( 1 )e 1 j α β sin( α ) sin ( β)e sin( α 3)sin( β3)e δ δ jδ3 γ γ jγ 3 3 ROLL INVARIANT PARAMETERS ENTROPY 3 H = Pi log 3( Pi ) i= 1 α PARAMETER α = P α α P P3 α 3 ANISOTROPY A = λ λ3 λ + λ 3 S.R. CLOUDE - E. POTTIER ( ) 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 45

46 H / A / α DECOMPOSITION λ 1 1 T = U U = u u u 3 3 u u u 1 3 λ λ 3 [ ] [ ][ Σ ][ ] ORTHOGONAL EIGENVECTORS REAL EIGENVALUES λ 1 > λ > λ * T PARAMETERISATION OF THE SU(3) UNITARY MATRIX [ U 3 ] = cos( α 1) cos( α ) cos( α 3) j sin( )cos( )e 1 j α sin( )cos( )e sin( )cos( )e 1 β1 α β α 3 β3 j sin( 1)sin ( 1 )e 1 j α β sin( α ) sin ( β)e sin( α 3)sin( β3)e δ δ jδ3 γ γ jγ 3 TARGET 1 TARGET TARGET 3 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 46

47 H / A / α DECOMPOSITION ROLL INVARIANCE PROPERTY ORIENTED (θ ) COHERENCY MATRIX SU(3) UNITARY ROTATION MATRIX (θ ) [ ( )] = ( ) [ ] [ ] [ ( )] T θ U θ T U θ R R 1 1 U R ( θ ) = cosθ sinθ sinθ cos θ [ ] EIGENVECTORS / EIGENVALUES ANALYSIS [ T ( θ) ] = [ U ( θ) ][ Σ ] U ( θ) 3 3 [ ] 1 EIGENVALUES λ 1 λ λ 3 : ROLL INVARIANT PROBABILITIES P 1 P P 3 : ROLL INVARIANT 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 47

48 H / A / α DECOMPOSITION EIGENVECTORS UNITARY MATRIX [ ( θ) ] = ( θ) [ ][ ] U U U 3 R 3 PARAMETERIZATION OF THE UNITARY MATRIX cos( α 1) cos( α ) cos( α 3) U 3 = j sin( )cos( )e 1 j α1 β1 sin( α)cos( β )e sin( α 3)cos( β 3)e j sin( 1)sin ( 1 )e 1 j α β sin( α) sin ( β )e sin( α 3)sin( β 3)e [ ] δ δ jδ 3 γ γ jγ 3 α = P α + P α + P α : ROLL INVARIANT PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 48

49 H / A / α α = P α + P α + P α DECOMPOSITION : ROLL INVARIANT PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION SINGLE BOUNCE SCATTERING (ROUGH SURFACE) DOUBLE BOUNCE SCATTERING VOLUME SCATTERING a a b ν a α a a a b ε a π α a a >> b ε ν π α a 4 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 49

50 α PARAMETER HH+VV HV HH-VV T 11 =A T 33 =B -B T =B +B /9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 5

51 H / A / α DECOMPOSITION EIGENVALUES λ 1 λ λ 3 : ROLL INVARIANT PROBABILITIES P 1 P P 3 : ROLL INVARIANT ENTROPY (DEGREE OF RANDOMNESS STATISTICAL DISORDER) 3 H= Pi log 3( Pi) i= 1 PURE TARGET λ 1 =SPAN λ = λ 3 = H = DISTRIBUTED TARGET λ 1 = λ = λ 3 = SPAN / 3 H = 1 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 51

52 ENTROPY (H) HH+VV HV HH-VV T 11 =A T 33 =B -B T =B +B /9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 5

53 SEGMENTATION OF THE H / α SPACE 9 MULTIPLE SCATTERING VOLUME SCATTERING SURFACE SCATTERING Alpha (α) DIPOLE 1 DIHEDRAL SCATTERER 4 7 BRAGG SURFACE FORESTRY DBLE BOUNCE 5 VEGETATION 8 SURFACE ROUGHNESS PROPAGATION EFFECTS BRANCH / CROWN STRUCTURE CLOUD OF ANISOTROPIC NEEDLES NO FEASIBLE REGION Entropy (H) LOW ENTROPY PERTURBATION OF 1st ORDER SCATTERING THEORIES DUE TO nd ORDER EVENTS MEDIUM ENTROPY HIGH ENTROPY DEGREE OF ARBITRARINESS (SCATTERING PROCESSES RANDOM NOISE 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 53

54 POLSAR DATA DISTRIBUTION IN THE H / α PLANE.5 1. H Alpha ( α ) Entropy (H) 45 9 α 1 n 1 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 54

55 H - α classification HH+VV HV HH-VV T 11 =A T 33 =B -B T =B +B 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 55

56 H / A / α DECOMPOSITION DIFFICULT MECHANISM DISCRIMINATION WHEN : H >.7 ANISOTROPY (EIGENVALUES SPECTRUM) A = λ λ λ3 + λ 3 λ 1 λ λ 3 COMPLEMENTARY TO ENTROPY DISCRIMINATION WHEN H >.7 ROLL INVARIANT 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 56

57 H / A / α DECOMPOSITION 1. λ λ λ λ A = H = λ λ A = /9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 57

58 ANISOTROPY (A) HH+VV HV HH-VV T 11 =A T 33 =B -B T =B +B /9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 58

59 (1-H)(1-A) H(1-A) 1 MECHANISM 3 MECHANISMS A(1-H) HA MECHANISMS MECHANISMS.5.5 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 59

60 H / A / α DECOMPOSITION H = ENTROPY 3 i= 1 P log i 3 ( P i ) α PARAMETER α = P α α P P3 α 3 ANISOTROPY A = λ λ3 λ + λ 3 3 ROLL INVARIANT PARAMETERS I = α H A H( 1 A) ( 1 H ) A ( )( ) 1 H 1 A PHYSICAL SCATTERING MECHANISM TYPE OF SCATTERING PROCESS SEGMENTATION / CLASSIFICATION 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 6

61 YY YX XY XX POL-SAR PROCESSING PHENOMENOLOGIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS POLARIMETRIC SPECKLE FILTERING POLARIMETRIC TARGET DECOMPOSITION POLARIMETRIC CLASSIFICATION MONO/DUAL CHANNELS 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 61

62 Questions? 3/9/7 Lecture D1Lb5- Advanced SAR - Polarimetry Eric POTTIER 6