Airborne Holographic SAR Tomography at L- and P-band

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1 Airborne Holographic SAR Tomography at L- and P-band O. Ponce, A. Reigber and A. Moreira. Microwaves and Radar Institute (HR), German Aerospace Center (DLR). 1

2 Outline Introduction to 3-D SAR Holographic SAR Tomography (HoloSAR) Theory and Imaging Approaches Experimental Realizations Conclusions 2

3 Introduction 3-D SAR Imaging SAR Interferometry (InSAR) SAR Tomography (SARTom) z 1 B 2 z N n r n r x h y x h y 3

4 Introduction 3-D SAR Imaging SAR Interferometry (InSAR) SAR Tomography (SARTom) Retrieved Information: Retrieved Information: Height Complex reflectivity Single aspect angle Resolution in Single aspect angle Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Iceland,

5 Introduction 3-D SAR Imaging Circular SAR (CSAR) Holographic SAR Tomography (HoloSAR) z z n r N n x h y x h y r 5

Introduction 3-D SAR Imaging Circular SAR (CSAR) Retrieved

angles Sub- resolution in, Low resolution in Impulse Response

Retrieved angles Sub- resolution in, High resolution in Impulse

6 Introduction 3-D SAR Imaging Circular SAR (CSAR) Retrieved Information: Complex reflectivity Resolution in Multiple aspect angles Sub- resolution in, Low resolution in Impulse Response Function - Luneburg Lens Holographic SAR Tomography (HoloSAR) Retrieved Information: Complex reflectivity Resolution in Multiple aspect angles Sub- resolution in, High resolution in Impulse Response Function - Luneburg Lens 6

7 Introduction Linear SAR VS Circular SAR Stripmap SAR Circular SAR 7

8 Experimental Realizations - Circular SAR L-band Circular SAR Stripmap SAR Pauli basis, Coherent imaging, 500 m x 500 m, 0.06 m by 0.06 m sampling E SAR L Band, bandwidth 95MHz 8

9 Theory on HoloSAR Impulse Response Function Ambiguities Resolution Gatelli, et al, The wavenumber shift in SAR interferometry, IEEE TGRS, Reigber, et al, First demonstration of Airborne SAR Tomography using Multi-baseline L-band data, IEEE TGRS,

10 Theory on HoloSAR Impulse Response Function, IRF IRF Bandwidth enhancement F. Gatelli, et al, The wavenumber shift in SAR interferometry, IEEE TGRS,

11 Spectrum of HoloSAR - k space 11

12 Theory on HoloSAR Impulse Response Function 1 track 3 tracks, 150 m 19 tracks, 12 m 12

13 Theory on HoloSAR Imaging Approaches O. Ponce, et al, Analysis and optimisation of multi-circular SAR for fully polarimetric holographic tomography over forested areas, IGARSS O. Ponce, et al, Fully-Polarimetric High-Resolution 3-D imaging with CSAR at L-band, TGRS, 2014, in press. O. Ponce, et al, Polarimetric 3-D Reconstruction from Multi-Circular SAR at P-band, GRSL

Theory on HoloSAR Imaging Approaches.. Compressive Sensing (CS) Beamforming (BF).

14 Theory on HoloSAR Imaging Approaches.. Compressive Sensing (CS) Beamforming (BF) Coherent Addition - Fourier Generalized Likelihood Ratio (GLRT) Incoherent Addition Holographic SAR Tomogram O. Ponce, et al, Fully-Polarimetric High-Resolution 3-D imaging with CSAR at L-band, TGRS, 2014, in press. O. Ponce, et al, Analysis and optimisation of multi-circular SAR for fully polarimetric holographic tomography over forested areas, IGARSS O. Ponce, et al, Polarimetric 3-D Reconstruction from Multi-Circular SAR at P-band, GRSL

15 Experimental Realizations HoloSAR at P-band 3-D HoloSAR Tracks F-SAR System Campaign Polarisations Central Frequency Chirp Bandwidth PRF HH, HV, VH, VV P Band 20 MHz 500 Hz Circular passes 7 Max. Baseline [m] Radius avg. Region 110 m 3800 m Vordemwald, CH. 15

16 Experimental Realizations HoloSAR at P-band Pauli basis,. km diameter,. m by. m sampling 16

17 Forested area - tracks Span, slices Subaperture, Fourier + Incoherent Fourier + Incoherent 17

18 Forested area - tracks Span, slices CS + Incoherent Fourier + Incoherent 18

19 Forested area - tracks Span CS + Incoherent, slices Fourier + Incoherent 19

20 Forested area - tracks Fourier + Incoherent, slices Lexicographic (red line LIDAR) Span 20

21 Forested area - tracks CS + Incoherent, slices Lexicographic (red line LIDAR) Span 21

22 Forested area - tracks CS + Incoherent 3-D View 22

23 Experimental Realizations HoloSAR at L-band 3-D HoloSAR Tracks F-SAR System Campaign Polarisations Central Frequency Chirp Bandwidth PRF HH, HV, VH, VV L Band 50 MHz 500 Hz Circular passes 19 Max. Baseline [m] Radius avg. Region 285 m 3700 m Kaufbeuren, DE. 23

24 Experimental Realizations HoloSAR at L-band Pauli basis,. km diameter,. m by. m sampling 1) 15 x 15 x 50 m, 2) 300 x 300 x 50 m 24

25 Experimental Realizations HoloSAR at L-band Single Tree Pauli basis 15 x 15 x 50 m 1 track 3 tracks, 150 m 19 tracks, 12 m 2521

26 Experimental Realizations HoloSAR at L-band Forested Area Tracks - Pauli basis Compressive Sensing + GLRT Compressive Sensing + Incoherent Coherent 26 21

27 Forested area - tracks Pauli - 2-D slices. m Compressive Sensing + GLRT Compressive Sensing + Incoherent Coherent * red line LIDAR 27

28 Forested area - tracks Pauli - 2-D slices. m Compressive Sensing + GLRT Compressive Sensing + Incoherent Coherent 28

29 Forested area Pauli - tracks 2-D slices - / m Compressive Sensing + GLRT Compressive Sensing + Incoherent Coherent 29

30 Forested area Pauli - tracks 3-D view Compressive Sensing + Incoherent 3027

Conclusions HoloSAR offers unique means to get the full 3-D backscattering

Improvement of the effective BW by taking into account the several circular

Airborne acquisitions at L- and P-band over forests.

31 Conclusions HoloSAR offers unique means to get the full 3-D backscattering over 360. Improvement of the effective BW by taking into account the several circular passes with vertical or horizontal separation Theory is validated with Airborne acquisitions at L- and P-band over forests. HoloSAR can be used as a powerful tool to measure biophisical parameters, and to reduce uncertainties of conventional 3-D SAR modes Potential for Future Earth Observation Space Missions 31

32 L Band image with 6 cm sampling What are you seeing here? 32

33 DLR s airborne SAR L Band quad pol Pauli basis, 1.8 km diameter, 0.06 m by 0.06 m sampling 33

34 Thanks for your attention! 34

Model based forest height estimation with ALOS/PalSAR: A first study.

Model based forest height estimation with ALOS/PalSAR: A first study. K.P. Papathanassiou*, I. Hajnsek*, T.Mette*, S.R. Cloude** and A. Moreira* * (DLR) (DLR-HR) Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany ** AEL Consultants