rbiæånaetr gæpw nari pãs g p c L j m

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1 1 rbiæånaetr gæpw nari pãs g p c L j m h ¾c l c paål a h ¾c L h e u R c p p u l e l j e ah J jlz ho, a ol B e A ¹l f s, LR ac ü Ù¹ j m e, c u l e l aejqm l h s qsj L lj e, c u l e k ec l d l Qy f N Rl R u u L y sol a m Afl Sa l l f Bl n MQ œ²l Bmfe u e hs p M B R! NSc ¹l cju m c u, j š² l Te L f cèl j m Hhw n Ml ys u p gc j Tl L y sol h e u c mj p u l e l j e p M H m e z c u l e l j a Lmp L M Sm a mj n ¹ q m e, n m L g m h el gm r al n L R m a m H e M Ju mj e z p u l e l j e jlzlø z l S l L R Aaxfl a l Bë l, c u l e l c xm a l Q C z k c x Ml h y n a h S h p Ml p l z p u l e a S e e flnð L al, DoÑ fl je e u p e l hy n a gy c mj p l M m e, hlw Nm ho L l z e l L Bd l L l lh ¾cÐe b e anòf p u l e l p d m M Re h wm 1327 p m z C ¹L ml hr l mm BlJ HL V e anòf l Sl e z S el l S l e a m n Ll Re, L b u jm h l S l fr¾cj gl l e! j», c a L lj Jfl a l ilp e C z e SC k Q C h R C L l e he z l S S e c a plm a o j c AiÉÙ¹, h s u hm l fðhª š a cl S¾jNa, a e h Üj e, eé ufl uz, phl, c l cm a f le AbÑ v c lcnñ, fðs l A ii hl, fê u DnÄla mé z cl hn-pæé p l pp p S l S hl q me, fðb jc A c n, p c nl l SLeÉ pæé p l L R Bë l Llm Q M- i m e p S k a l S l SnÄ ll c m By M a dy d m N k u zpæé p S e a Q u Bl LR C Q C e? l SLeÉ l Bl LR l cll l e C z RcÈ h n l S N me h c n z pæé p l e jx L ö e l SLeÉ pæé p L cnñe c u j el Lb S ql L l, a l Bë l Hje L ãl S eé k l j cla u ""L e k u i l, j b k u O l, je qu Eam --z B j k hm C a C h me z''1 l S N me L m, l SLeÉ j»z Ll R L L l L Su L l p c nl j qo l j b qyv L l a L h y c h e u f u amjcñ el L S m N u c h z pæé p l Mhl f u l SLeÉ a L X L f W u, a l Bë l hn S l m z l SLeÉ k L h u Ll h ""ay l f ul L R h s h s l Sh¾c l q a S s L l b L h, Bl l S l j ul h ¾ce q u LEh Q jl c m h, LEh Rœ d l b L h z''1 pæé p f b h l u hm me, dlú z j L, ü bñfl, qwpë, DoÑ a l e l l SeÉ a l j e Ll Z q m z j eh u e a-c hñma fðl n e l C h T k NÉf œ z a h JC l S Qm a Qm a HL h e H p på e f u R me fzñ L V ll HL h ml l, k l q c u l u R ALª œj pàq jja, fðu h i NÀl Ql ¹e l f z AfÐa m n L æ BN º Ll p b i N L l M a p fðù¹ a z h wm R VNÒf öd eu hnä p q aél N Òfl Evp qp h A el f ÕQj N holj "S al' "f a»'- L A NË NZe L l b Le z S al, f a» q a f cn CaÉ c Ešj ZÑl L R b L C u l f NËqZ L l R z jé Lp j m l, he g, Lm l J L b fðj M N hol H pð å j rj p réfðj Z q Sl L l Re z 1859 MË ø ë AdÉ fl b u X l he g, m f SN b L f a»l Ae h c fðl n L l C u l f u m Lp q aél p a me j ml hé fl B m Qe Blñ L le z AhnÉ Ae h c J B m Qe B l f hñc p Qa q u Rm A l u¾v møv cl q a z That the migration of fables was originally from East to West and not vice versa--.''2 p k C q L, H fðh å pc hù¹ l M h Sl l eu, HV L l E õm HSeÉC k lh ¾cÐe bj S al f a» CaÉ cl Ešl dl l hqe L le Hhw a e k bø f lj Z fði ha q u R me z S al f a» CaÉ c pwnë ql

2 2 e anòfpj q fð Z J je oé i šl z lh ¾cÐe bj m M Re JC c 'll j z R VN Òfl C aq p J p±¾ckña šæl Jfl e l uz N f dé ul Ap d lz NË Û "p q aé R VNÒf', EvpNÑ L l Re "NÒf l jq L h lh ¾cÐe b L' z pc NË Û e l uz E õm L l Re, ""Bd el i la u p q aéj S a Ll fði h LaM e a l fðj Z lh ¾cÐe b üuw z h±ü-p q aél HC j Z-j o b LC a e a m e u Re "L n S al'-n s E W R "l S ' "Al flae'; "né j S al' b L S¾j e u R "f l n d' "né j ' z3 Hl L ul fªù B NC e l uz hm Re, ""e an Òfl pqs J plm NÒf ml f n pj S ÙÛ al L¾cÐh añe e l Q lœ ü i hl i hc H p R z expw L Q hm k a f l, S a LC q L Bl f a»c q L- HC L qe m e l l fð a nðü h dl eu z e l e¾c u f a» f j M q u Re Nªq ho njñ (f a»l lqe L l J pwlml); p al w hl NÉhÐa h±ü pæé p l J k Ù» -S a L hohv f lq l L le-h pçf ZÑ ü i hl z''4 fð, A i a u f ZÑ lh ¾cÐe b öd "S al hæe ' h "f a»'l fði hc JC dl el e anòf gy ce e, ay l c nñ ela, pj S pwp l pçf LÑ d lz, i lp jé lr l esü pj LlZJ œ²u n m Rm z AeÉ N Òfl A ¹l fð cn cm l B N ay l Q ¹ j ml fðh ål ašæa m n L l eu k L km e a e e l l nr, je, E Qv Ae Qv e u hù¹l m M Re z " m fl ' "NÒfpÒf'l NÒf m mm l AÒf LR B N lh ¾cÐe b h wm 1322 p m Ù» nr houl HL V l aåf ZÑ fðhå m Me z A i a l hi h Bl k š²l S m Ù» nr l ül f a e p e cñø Ll a Qø L l Re JC fðh å z hañj el A abd el h S l i šl pj S héhùû kje ph dl el L S LC h no LlZ L l g m R, pj ul a me u ANËpl L h lh ¾cÐe bj Q ll s hrl B N nr L m i šl hi Se L l e u R me z a e h me, ""k q LR S eh l k NÉ a q C hcé, a q f l o LJ S e a qc h j u LJ S e a qc h z öd L S M V Ch l SeÉ k a q eu, S eh l SeÉC z''5 S e a Q Ju j e ol djñ z JC mü e fð u Nl r œ öd f l oc fð u N Ll h z pj S j u cl pc nr fð u N Ll l p k N e C z ""h p Ll j b l Efl fª bh e C H MhlV f C m j u cl j u mi h''6 eø qju l L e Bnˆ a e Ll Re e z JC j u mi hv M h Sl l! j u mi h S epv Lje? k LR S eh l a S eh l A dl l j u cl c mj HLb pèlz L l c a i me e, ""a C h mu nr fðz m a j u f l o L b J L e ic b L h e, H Lb h m m hd a L Aj eé Ll qu z j u cl j e o qc a nm Ch l SeÉ höü el nr Q C, L º a l Efl j u cl j u qc a nm Ch l SeÉ k héhq ll nr a l HLV h noaå B R z''6 pj S "" j u cl pð å euj i m h p l euj z --a l Hje L lu L S L l h ke a l pwp l L i m h p a R z h f j i C h e ü j J R m j ul ph a l L l h z a cl L S i m h p l L S, HV C a cl BcnÑ z --pwp l L p i m h p L Bl e h p L a l BQlZ L L ou c Mh l I HL Vj œ L øf bl B R--z i m h p l djñc BaÈpjfÑ Z, p al w a l N±lh a q ac z --pj S j ul k héhq ll rœ V A dl l L lu R pm e üi hhnac a l Bf ec B pu f±y Ru R, h q ll L e AaÉ Q l a q cn L h dé L l e C z''6 lh ¾cÐe bl fõq a pqpë pqpë hrl d l BQ l hd el c s a gy pm N Bq S l dä ea pwp l pj S e l e S LC e S H e a m R! p c u e l l! pm e e l i m h p l c paå hlz L l e u R! L h glq c jsq ll Hh cae j l HL V nô L HM e hn k vpc, ""h ¾c l c paål a h ¾c L h e u R c p z''7 lh ¾cÐe b j e L l R me e l l p j SL AhÙÛ e l l nl ll j a C hd a l q a Ns z h C ll L e AaÉ Q l a L h dé Ll u e z lh ¾cÐe bl S ¾jl hý B N Fe hwn na ë l fðbji N l j j qe a yl L ml Q ¹ b L A el c l ANËpl q a f l R me z n Ù»l B e b L e l L hy Q u Re, m L l Se a a e l l fl i a L ZW p AhÙÛ J ay l AS e eu z a e pc L mj j e L le e, e l e SC e Sl i NÉl SeÉ c u z l j j qe m M Re, Ù» m L L k fkñé ¹ c o eäa Bf e L q me, a q üi h pü e q z ---Ù» m Ll n l ll fl œ² j f l o qc a fð u e Ée qu, Cq a f l ol a q cn L Bfe qc a c îñm S eu k c C Ešj fch l fð ç a a q l üi ha k NÉ Rm, a q qc a Eq l c Nl f îñ fl h a L lu B p a Re z f l L qe, k üi ha a q l pc fc fð çl k NÉ e q z''8 Bl lh ¾cÐe bl kme ea ¹ h ml hup, pc 1871-H DnÄlQ¾cÐ hcé p Nl e l l Ad ea pçf LÑ m M Re, ""Ù» S a-- p j SL

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11 11 Bl jª¾ju l CµR eu, k a ANË qé Ll C LaÑhÉ z j u cl Q u R m cl p bc a l i h z N R Qs, py a l L V e e llj A j u m üi hl SeÉ ph C Jl Jfl hlš² z p kme h H f n Ll k h Ll h pl O l BVL fsm, üi hac a l cj BV L B p, ü j m L V L a l j VC fr¾c q m e, a l je Q m q u b L hå l M ml SeÉ z LR V qa n u LR V cll l LmL a u Q m k Ju l pju Af hñ jª¾ju L hmm, ""ka ce e a j Bph l SeÉ Q W mm h, B j Bph e z''47 HC A ij e jª¾ju l LR B p k u e, Hje L a j ""CµR L lu i m h pu Bj L HL V Q ðe c J''47 HC Bë lj q p E s u cm z Af hñ L ml a Q m k Ju l fl j l h s a jª¾ju l j e fðbj c m, HL Af hñ nql Z a l M h gy L m N z hd a LMe ay l p rè alh l c u ""jª¾ju l h mé k±h el j TM e BO a L lu Rm p S e a f l e C z BS Lje L lu e s f Cu h mé Awn k±he qc a hq Éa qcu f sm z HMe n ö s LJ jª¾ju h T a f lm, n ös J jª¾ju L Q e a f l me; al l p qa n M fðn M l kl f jm, pjù¹ OlLæ aj e fløfl AMäp Çj ma qcu Nm z''48 AbÑ v pc L ra e l l B hiñ h OVm, pj S pwp l k l i jl S hfðlª al à l ÙÛl fð aù! jª¾ju nl l k Qae Ae ih L l a ü i hl, L º p p h ÜlJ L hup h s a e C! nl ll Qae R s JC HLC S hl fðhª š R s jª¾ju l ial Bl L e h dl p l q a f l e! jª¾ju L º elrl eu, p mm a S e fs a f l, JC a l p j eé mm a S e e uj lh ¾cÐe b LR lp a l L le z jª¾ju l h h Dn eq¾cð c l L n N HLV R V Q L l L l z j u L p hýh l Q W m M R, j u Q Wl A fr J L l z L º j u jª¾ju kme Q W m M, a l i o k C q L e Le, p L S e h e, " mg g u' e j WL e mm a qu! jª¾ju l HC WL e mmh l e b L V L M h Aü i hl q a! k±hefð ç e l l JC HL VC L jé, LMe AåL l ü j l B m e BVL fs h Hhw a l j dé j OV h L n l-l j l L ml pj ç, e l S h elj pj ç L! àa u n -j j cl Bs Cna hvpl fð Q e fð p cl O l O l k fða-baè cl hm f Bq S l, pc fða m J e l, hm f Bq S l AeÉ L e AaÉ Q ll L l Z eu, Blh Cl e ljz Aaªç L je l SÅ m u j l k uj f s R z r da f o Z (1302)-Hl hªü L lj My S e µr, ""--JC fð p c A el Aaªç h pe A el E¾jš p ñ Nl nm B m sa qca, pc plm Qšc q, pc plm eøgm L je l A in f HC fð p cl fð aél fðù¹lmä r d añ aªo añ qcu B R, ps h j e o (f l o) f C m a L m m ua fn Q l j a M Cu g m a Q u z''49 Nue m i i a j Zj ml L c M R z e l j l k uj Aaªç L je l SÅ m u Lje iuˆl " fn Q ' q u EW a f l a l hzñe fm j r da f o Z N Òf z r da f o Z- Hl r d ljz l AaªçL j r d z "e l f l ae z' B cj Sh- Qae h ""j w pl Qae b L huú h Ü a h s JW ''50 l g lpv fm e! p œ e cñn 1 l Sl e, NÒf pòf, lh ¾cÐ-lQe hm œ u cn Mä, hnäi la, p mi pwúlz 1402, fª: e l uz N f dé u, p q aé R VNÒf X.Hj.m C hðl, LmL a, 1369, fª:42 3 I fª: 40 4 I fª: 27 5 lh ¾cÐe b W L l, Ù» nr, h Qœ h wm cn pwúlz, AÒfLb, 1399, fª: I fª: glq c jsq l, Hh cae j fð afr, Y L, 1396, : 15 8 "pqjlz hou fðhañl J ehšñ Ll pð c 1818'l j j qe lqe hm qlg fðl ne, LmL a, 1973, fª: "hý hh q l qa qju E Qa Le Ha àoul hq l 1871' DnÄlQ¾cÐ hcé p Nl lqe hm a m-lmj, LmL a 1987, fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "f el hª š' m fl œ u cn Mä hnäi la, p mi pwúlz 1402, fª: 358

12 12 11 lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "M a ' NÒf µr hnäi la, 1398 fª: I fª: I fª: "f ÕQj-k œ l X u l' lh ¾cÐ-lQe hm cnj Mä, hnäi la p mi pwúlz fª: I fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "n Ù¹' NÒf µr hnäi la, 1398, fª: I fª: I fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "O Vl Lb ' NÒf µr hnäi la,1398, fª: 4 20 I fª: 7 21 "hý hh q l qa qju E Qa Le Ha àoul hq l 1871' DnÄlQ¾cÐ hcé p Nl lqe hm a m-lmj, LmL a, 1987, fª: "l e im le ' hnj l Lu lqe hm h wm HL Xj, Y L,1973, fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "fð a h ne ' NÒf µr hnäi la,1398, fª: "f ÕQj-k œ l X u l' lh ¾cÐ-lQe hm cnj Mä, hnäi la p mi pwúlz fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "j Zq l ' NÒf µr hnäi la,1398, fª: I fª: I fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "pwú l' NÒf µr hnäi la,1398, fª: I fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "f œ f œ ' NÒf µr hnäi la,1398, fª: I fª: I fª: "e l ' L m ¹l, lh ¾cÐ-lQe hm, à cn Mä, hnäi la, p mi pwúlz fª: I fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, " R VNÒf' NÒf µr hnäi la,1398, fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "mé h lv l' NÒf µr hnäi la,1398, fª: I fª: I fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "NË Û f lqu' NÒf µr hnäi la,1398, fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "Ù» l fœ' NÒf µr hnäi la,1398, fª: I fª: pl S m Cpm j Q±d l, "h P ml pwúª a a e l ' h wm cn H nu VL p p C Vl f œl 2u pwmé, f±o 1405, fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "Ù» l fœ' NÒf µr hnäi la,1398, fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "hce j' NÒf µr hnäi la,1398, fª: I fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "NË Û f lqu' NÒf µr hnäi la,1398, fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "pj ç' NÒf µr hnäi la,1398, fª: I fª: lh ¾cÐe b W L l, "pj ç' NÒf µr hnäi la,1398, fª: glq c jsq l, Hh cae j fð afr, Y L, 1396, : 8 Vera prunw rbiæånaetr ŸcaeK nari : hw ûmayun Vjad