q¾c ÙÛ e n Ù» u p a Ol e l l p œf a : HL V AdÉue z

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1 47 International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies,2013,Vol 1,No.1, Available online at Origin of Gharana System in Hindustani Classical Music: A Study. q¾c ÙÛ e n Ù» u p a Ol e l l p œf a : HL V AdÉue z Chatterjee (Mukherjee) Samarpita 1 and Sarkhel Sabyasachi 1 * 1 Department of Hindustani Classical Music Sangit-Bhavana,Visva-Bharati,Santiniketan,West Bengal,India Corresponding author : *Prof. Sabyasachi Sarkhel Received Nov 24, 2013 Accepted Dec 26, 2013 Abstract: Gharana, a term used to denote the style of singing of a Hindustani Classical musician which is learnt by his / her disciple to carry forward and the tradition goes on through the lineages. However, the origin of Shastriya Sangeet Gharana system has not been traced accurately.prabandha Yug or era, ancient Vedic period leaves hint of its origin.in the mediaeval period, a great decline of Dhrupad singing took place and Khayal was formed from Dhrupad.It is believed that, with the advent of Mughal era, Classical Gharana system was established.with the crowning of the emperor Aurangzeb,court musicians were banished to princely States. These cornered musicians established themselves through their talent of singing style and passed on to their disciple for furtherance.with the passage of time these singing styles reshaped into different Gharanas.In the present time, it seems that,gharana system has become outdated.but still today one can feel the flavour of style, voice throw, Gayaki etc, in pure traditional Hindustani Classical Music.This is because Gharanas still continues to influence Classical Singers.This present study, attempted to document and enlighten the origin of Gharana System. Keywords: Gharana,,Hindustani,Classical, Shastriya Sangeet i jl :- q¾c ÙÛ e n Ù» u p a pjnë h näl j dé l aæf ZÑ ÙÛ e A dl l L l R z i la u pwú«al HC fëhqj e d l V e e Eá he l p q ké, e e i h p a SNa L pjªü Ll Rz l - noé flçfl L ¾cÊL Ol e l fëqm el g m noé cl à l l l N ue nm l AiÉ p Hhw a lp esü N ue i l jnë Z q¾c ÙÛ e n Ù» u p a œ²jn : Eæa q u R z Ol e fëqm el g m n Ù» u p a r œ ea e HL h Q œl pw k Se q u R HLb pq SC Ae juz B m QÉ N hoz fœ V a Ol e l p œf a Li h q u Rm, p ho u B m Lf a Ll qm z Ol e në Vl AbÑ :- Ol e, EµQ p al r œ AaÉ ¹ l aæf ZÑ Hhw H V fëq l h Q œl pj q l pªø N ue fü al d l z "Ol e ' në Vl AbÑ "Ol'z fë Q e q¾c në "Ol' h "घर ' b L "Ol e ' në Vl Evf š h m j ell qu z Ol në Vl AbÑ qp h k c hwn dl qu, a q m "Ol e ' në bñ

2 48 "hwn h nøé' q a f l z 1 fël«af r H V HL V q¾c në z a h, Xx Evfm N ü j l j a 2 - ""pwú«a "Nªq' në V fë L«a NlÚq >h wm u Hhw q¾c a "Ol' në Vl pª ø z HC Ol hm a öd fë L ø eu pwp l, f lh l h hwnj h T u, p a, "Ol e ' n ël AbÑ hwn h nøé h T u z'' H r œ "Ol e ' A bñ L ¹ Ol h h pùû e eu, p a héfl A bñ "Ol e ' qm HL esüa pjªü ea e N ue nm, k L ej HL l h JÙ¹ cl hwn ab noé flçfl u Ae pªa z WL kj e i h HL V O ll j dé hph pl l f lh l Hhw f lh ll pcpé cl j dé j, a cl hwn h nøé ml j dé j Ol V üa» Hhw fªbl, WL pi hc p a "Ol e ' A bñ öd j œ l l hwns f œ-leé h BaÈ u iæ l l noé cl j dé l l ül u h nøé Vl fëqme quz HLLb u Ol e qm h no HLfËL l " e hw nl' A is aé f ZÑ "hwn h nøé' z Hhw héhq ll A bñ esüa h ül u e pjªü N ue nm h Style Abh N ue l a-fü az A id el AbÑ qp h X. hjm l u Hl j a- 3 ""Ol e - fë pü pwn a l hwn, p a -f lh ll N e- h nøé z pwn a -flçfl z e j h ÙÛ e à l Q q²a pwn a f lh lz'' X. Evfm N ü j l j a - N u Ll ül ua h es N ue nm, N ul l Style h "l a fü a'c Ol e l héhq ll AbÑ z 2 pwn a f l hn el HL V h no nm qm Ol e l i š z pwn a l L kb kbi h Ae lle h Ae ple Ll l à l l l N ue nm l LR V n oél j déj fkñh pa qu z HCi h l l b L n oél j dé c u l l esü N ue nm Ar æi h "flçfl 'l j dé j flhañ fëseè m aj fëh qa qu z ea e fës eèl nòf l Bh l a a esü B L fëk š² L l l l N ue nm L BlJ pjªü L l z Hi h Ol e fës eèl fl fëseè d l fëhqj e HL p a nm l d l z BiÉ ¹l e i h Hhw N t A bñ a C "Ol e ' Hhw "hwn h nøé' fë u pj bñl z Ol e l i š : nòf kme L ej HL V l N f l hne L le ame a a a l esüa pwk š² qu z Hl g m nòf i c HLC N e h iæ llj i h në a cl L R ea e Ae iä qu z L le nòf a l esü nòf pšä l Qa ea e h Q œl B Ll p Qe L le z nòf i c N ue i j J iæ qu z N ue i j l j dé l l N ue nm J fël na Lu z L ej p a e l h no h nøé f eñ N ue i j L "N ul ' hm qu z Øfø EµQ lz h Lãü ll e e EµQ l Zl h Qœa, dæ el fë u Nl i hfël n, ÙÛ u üleé pl l f, ül L el fe Ll, p ll fë u N, i hl p f r Amˆle, cjú MjÚ, fë hméa, ü ll AÒfšÄ, fëüe J A hl j h Rc Abh hl jl fë u N "N ul l' pª ø qu z 4 p a nòf l p a EfÙÛ fe Llh l rja, p l L fë u N Ll l Style, ül hù¹ l, a e p le, Bm f l a, l N f l hne CaÉ c a esü pªsen ma l fël n O V z a C Ol e l

3 49 AeÉaj Ef c e esü pªsen m N ue nm h üa» N ue fü a z ea e N ue fü a h nm l p l, EµQ le h nøé, ül rfe J AeÉ eé e pjªü N ul Ol e l üa» r œl p QLz N ul l j dé jj HL V Ol e l l Hhw a l noé cl j dé Ol e l nm V fëh qa qh l pju fë a r œ ül u h Q œ ea e šäl pw k Se qu k noé flçfl u Ae pªa qu z l l b L Bq la p a nm, N a Ae pªa-e ul [Ae Lle q a Nªq a nr ], fë ç pwn a e J n oél esü i h Ae o l jnë e pªø N ue nm flhañ fëseè m aj fëq ma qu z X. Hj. Bl. N±aj h m Re - ""...gayaki or style of singing assumed the status of a Gharana only when it was carried over faithfully for at least three successive generations-from father to son or from guru to sisya (teacher to pupil).'' 5 AbÑ v L ej l l N ul l noé flçfl u ae VfËSeÈ fkñ ¹ fëh qa q m a pc l l e j ˆa Ol e u f lea qu z a h Hje l l e j ˆa Ol e k l d l l Me a cl j dé LR mrej cm k u z X. p L j l l u h m Re - ""k l Ol e hs u l Me a l j m ea e pª øl L«a šäl pw N e S cl k š² l Me Hhw h nø j± ml pwn a l al - (1) hwnna QQÑ l A dl l (2) ÙÛ e u QQÑ l A dl l, a flçfl Na QQÑ l A dl l HC Ol e c l z k l Hl f A dl l Ol e c ll f f lq a qe a cl pwn a La m h nomrz cm k u z Hhw HC mre mc HLj œ h nøé z HC mre h Ol e l Qq² m hù¹, A Awn, l a h i Hhw N ue nm N ue L±nm fëi«al eh l f u el Efl eiñl L l z'' 6 L ej l h JÙ¹ cl hw nl p a Hhw noé cl IL ¹L fë Qø à l A SÑa p a hcé l kb kb i h fëqm el à l C Hl kb bña z N u Ll i hlòfe a l hé š²šä Hhw ea e nm l à l k h Q œl p Qe qu a l b LC flçf l l i š a Ol e V Qm a b L z Ol e l Evf š: Ol e l Evf š L m pð å p WL h e cø i h L ej abé m fhü ec z h cl, p j N el k N b LC p a Ol e i hl f lqu f Ju k u z pçfc u h nëe Na nr fü a, p a QQÑ Hhw AiÉ p Hl fëqme Rm ame b LC z p jn el k N pçfëc u Rm k f l L±b j, l e ue u J See u - HC ae V l f eu z 6 h±ü d jñj "jq k e ' n M u, Ol e l jae Ae n me fü a z çk NJ hë þe pçfëc u J BkÑhË þeé cl f±l el QQÑ u Hhw a l p b h Ü pwú«al e QN e Hl Ae n mš, j m i la u pwn al p b "l SeÉ h NÑl' Be L mé në a cl L R djñ u i h hn pçfæ ea e p a d l l fëqme Ll a f l Rm z k l b L HLfËL l pçfëc u L ¾cÊL " l j M ' hcé l Ai p f Ju k µr z h cl k Nl h iæ pçfëc ul l Nl Ne l fëqme Rm, HC l Nl fü a mc flhañ L m hù¹«a q u Rm z h cl j» EµQ le nr fü a aj l l L R noé cl hcé

4 50 nr ASÑe Hl f W mrée u z œ² j, h cl k Nl n o fëhå k Nl p Qe qu z p mnp t Hl dë hfc b L dë f cl pª ø qu z f hñl h iæ NË jl N kb -öü, iæ, N±s u, hpl, p d le fëi«a N al al fëi h dë f cl h iæ h e l Eáh qu z dë f cl X Nl h e, N±ql h e, M ä l J ešql HC Q l V h e l a, Hl h iæ R¾c, l Nl f lcnñe l f, ülfë u N fëi«al iæa Hhw B ml fëi hj iæ Rm z dë f cl h e ml L W l l a ml œ²j ejñ ma fëqm e L W l euje a h SÑa q ml Q ml Mu ml fëqme q a b L z HC fëp X. hjm l u h m Re - 7 "" R V R V Nä c u Ol h µræ N a nm m k l 15n Mªø ë n ol c L HL iä q u dë fc pª ø L l, H pª øl j mé k l Rm a l Ol e l d ll q mj hwns Ol e c l eu z a C a cl e j Ol e al qu e z Lwh pc në Vl fëqme qu e, q u Rm j p mj k Nl cªt fše qh l fl b L, lo l o frf a šäl p Qe b L z'' a q m dë f cl h e ml N ue fü a h L±n ml p b ea e nm l jnë e L WeÉ h SÑa Mu ml pjul m AbÑ v jdék N Ol e l Øfø Bi p f Ju k u z Ol e fëb l p b jdék Nl clh l p al O eø pçflñ f Ju k µr z avl m e fëq l p a l pj hn kb e ul N f m, N u mu ll l S j e pw a jl, hs h Jl, p hñ f l Bj l M pë±... pjù¹ e j Ll hé š²aæ i la u p a L ea e i h l f ue L le z n œ u p a h cn d l l jnë e p al Eæ a O V u ea e dl el p al p Qe fhñ Blñ qm z jdék N eh h h cn cl p a J pwú«al fªø f ola Hhw p a e cl Ad e p a nr m il fë a BNËq fëi«al g m l S clh l p a cl l aæ h s z h iæ eh h h noax BLh ll l SšÄL m n Ù» u p al pj cl qu, a h pc p a amej dë fc z 18n na ë a L WeÉ h SÑa dë fc b L Mu m N el fë a BLoÑe cm k u z Bj l M pë±, q pe n q nlñ, a e pe LeÉ hwns eu ja My (pc l )fëj M cl e j HfËp E õm k NÉ z ea edl el Hje p a në a cl jel e qa pq SC z gl l õ l "l N cfñe' NË ÛJ n S q el l SšÄ L m pi p a l Mu m f l hne Ll ae Hje Lb J hm B R z œ² j dë fc N el b L Mu ml Se fëua h s, nòf l dë f cl euji ül heé p Amˆ l fëi«al j dé j Mu m L pjªü L l n Ù» u p al ea e cn ¹l p Qe L le z nòf l a cl N ue nm l f lqu ül f ese j Abh B ml e j Ol e l f lqu c ae h iæ clh l p a f l hne L m z j p mj k Nl fš el pjul m HjeV cm k µr z Kl S hl l SaÆL m (1657 b L 1707) clh l p a cl O lal hfkñu cm k µrz 8 a e R me p a J pwú«al h l d z clh l p asel g m BnËuq e q u fë ¹ u l S -eh h cl BnË u Q m k e z fë b jl f hñ hn l i N p a l a e pe hwn u R me L ¹ H qe fë ¹ La l iæa a cl p a LJ h iæ h fªbl L l cu z Hi h Ol e fëb cªt qu z œ² j hë Vn cl Bœ²je L m Bh l f lhañe qu Hje AhÙÛ l z H fëp Ajm c nnjñ h m Re - 9 ""p a J m malm l r œ k plm l S J eh hl

5 51 amej fªù f ola Ll ae, ay cl Ef l e e hd fë ahål Hhw AaÉ Q l q a b L z g m nòf cl i NÉ Qlj c kñ N O e u B p z'' BnËuq e q u p a l c nl e e ÙÛ e B ml l S h n pl J S jc l cl BnË u Q m B pe z p a e cl Lm -L nma l QQÑ L ¹ AhÉ qa Rm z 10 de B ml n pl, S jc l hw n p a fªù f o Ll Ai h Rme z nòf cl hé š² h n ol AehcÉ Lm L±nm a cl hé š²na nm l f f l Q a m i Ll a öl L l a a B mla l fëi hj cm k u z e S cl p a d l L fëq ma l M l E Ÿ né l noé flçfl a p al a mj Qm a b L z noé fçfl u Ae pªa l j M hcé Hi h Ol e fch QÉ f lea qu z Efpwq l :- p d le në a h NÑl L R "Ol e ' qu a pllj l aæf ZÑ eu, L ¹ p a, p a nòf Hhw nr bñ cl L R Hl l aæ B R z Ol e héa a j NÑp al h Qœ Hhw öüa eø q a f l a, ea e šäl B L N ul l nm l QQÑ J l Üq a z Ol e Ae p l l Nl fël«a, Qme, ül rfe, N ue fü a, i o l fë u N fëi«al fªbla qa, h iæ Ol e l ea e dl el N ue nm në a l Ae ih Ll a f le BSJ z p al w Ol e fëb l fëqme BS qu a e b L mj, n Ù» u p a r œ H nr fëc e l a e b L m j NÑ p al höüa lr Hhw l Np al fë u Nl al h Qœa l fb Vl d l Ahl Ü qa z Ešl i la u l Np al A is aé h L± meéa HLj œ Ol e fëb l g mc pwl ra q u Rm z Ol e l fëi h hañj ej A e a n Ù» u p a nòf cl fëi ha L l Q m R z p al w n Ù» u pwn a r œ Ol e fëb Q m qju l HL V Af lp j j mé B R z NË Ûf 1z l u Q±d l h. z i la u p a L o z LmL a : p ÇfËaj fël ne, 1416 h ëz 2z N ü j CE. z i la u EµQ p a Evf š J œ²j hl nl d l z LmL a : c f ue, 1397 h ë z 3z l u h. z pwn a në L o, fëbj M z LmL a : hë þ jne fëp, 1386 h ëz 4z hs m He. p. z p a e ul, fëbj M z LmL a : g jñ L Hm Hj fë x mx, 1993 z 5z N±aj Hj. Bl. z c je SLÉ m q l VS AhÚ C u z ee cõ : A ieh f h ml LpeÚpÚ, 1980 z 6z l u Hp. z i la u p a C aq p J fü a z LmL a : g jñ L Hm Hj fë x mx, 1988 z 7z l u h. z dë fc fëp z C u : lp QÑ Ce ØV VEV Ah C u e je S L m S, 1394 h ë z 8z l u h. z i la u p a fëp, fëbj M z LmL a : S p, 1966 z 9z c nnjñ H. z fë Q e J eh e p a Hhw Ol e l C ahªš z LmL a : clh l fël ne, 1995 z 10z M e Hj. HCQ. z p a j ml z Y L : h wm HL Xj fëp, 1988 z

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