ILLINOIS GROUNDWATER - BEDROCK

Transcription

1 ILLINOIS GROUNDWATER - BEDROCK Northern Illinois Fresh Water Water Supply Shallow Bedrock Aquifers < 500 depth Deep Bedrock Aquifers > 500 depth Southern Illinois Saline water Oil Fracking Coal Waste injection Carbon Sequestration Natural Gas Storage Fresh Saline

2 Reinertsen et al., 1984, ISGS Field Trip Guidebook 1984A.

3 BEDROCK GEOLOGY Illinois State Geological Survey

4 GEOLOGIC COLUMN Glacial deposits Herrin Coal New Albany Shale Silurian dolomite Maquoketa Shale St Peter sandstone Ironton-Galesville sandstone Mt Simon sandstone

5 Outcrop of fractured Galena Dolomite

6 Regional Bedrock Geology St Peter Ironton- Galesville Mt Simon Geologic Materials Glacial Deposits Shales Carbonates Sandstones Potentiometric Surfaces

7 Source of Community Water Supplies

8 Treated Water Distribution Network for Lake Michigan Water

9 Current surface water users Most of the current use in the Joliet Area is for power plants Open-loop (oncethrough) withdrawals from the river Cooling Ponds and Makeup Water

10 Shallow Groundwater Withdrawals Sand and Gravel Aquifer Rate (Mgd) Carbonate Aquifer Bedrock Surface Carbonate Shale Sandstone Rivers Aquifer Faults

11 Deep Groundwater Withdrawals Sandstone Aquifer Rate (Mgd) Historical Withdrawals (Mgd) Rivers Faults 2012 Joliet area pumping Public Supply = 27 MGD Joliet = 16 MGD Industry = 12 MGD

12 2014 Mass Measurement 675 wells Collaboration with Wisconsin Survey Static water levels under non-pumping conditions Reported pumping water levels can be ft lower

13 2014 Potentiometric Surface

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15 Why have the decreases continued? 1. Withdrawal rates still above the capacity of the aquifer to transmit water from the west 2. The shale overlying the sandstones effectively shuts off local recharge 3. Newer wells are near the Sandwich Fault which acts as a flow barrier and magnifies drawdown 4. Newer wells completed only in the Ironton-Galesville which magnifies local drawdown 5. Dropping transmissivity as sandstone desaturates

16 KENDALL COUNTY, SANDWICH FAULT

17 Bedrock Units in Kendall County St Peter Sandstone Maquoketa Shale Silurian Dolomite Galena- Platteville Dolomite Pennsylvanian Shales

18 Water Level Elevations in the Deep Sandstone Aquifer

19 Sandwich Fault Elevation (ft asl) EAST-WEST CROSS SECTION ACROSS THE FAULT West Fox R. Potentiometric Surface of the Ancell Ancell Galena Platteville Well East Prairie du Chein Potosi - Franconia Ironton-Galesville Eau Claire Mt Simon

20 Observation well in Kendall County 1180 feet deep

21 Desaturation of sandstone aquifers

22 Desaturation before 1980 High capacity wells in use before 1980 were generally open to both the St. Peter and Ironton-Galesville Sandstones. The St. Peter Sandstone was at greatest risk of desaturation

23 Desaturation after 1980 Since 1980, most active wells have been cased through the Ironton- Galesville Sandstone, but the cross-connected wells are still present The St. Peter Sandstone is at greatest risk of desaturation

24 Observed risk of desaturation: 2014 : Observed head is less than 200 ft above the St. Peter : Observed head is ft below the top of the St. Peter : Observed head is more than 200 ft below the top of the St. Peter

25 DATA TRENDS IN THE JOLIET REGION (HEAD REMAINING ABOVE THE TOP OF THE IG) A new well field near the center of the cone of depression will accelerate the loss in available head

26 GROUNDWATER FLOW MODEL: TEST DIFFERENT PUMPING SCENARIOS Kendall County Joliet

27 Risk of desaturation: 2050 scenarios Uses a groundwater flow model designed to investigate the sandstone aquifers in Kendall and Will Counties (Roadcap et al. 2013)

28 2050 risk of desaturation scenarios: Both scenarios are possible Neither solves the problem alone

29 TWO METHODS FOR ESTIMATING WHEN THE IRONTON-GALESVILLE WILL START TO DESATURATE TRENDS IN WATER LEVELS <25 YEARS GROUNDWATER FLOW MODEL YEARS Actual time-frame will be shortened with the construction of new well fields

30 Location of Future Water Demand Can we improve on the location of hypothetical wells by identifying lands annexed by municipalities? Who will expand in Kendall County? Oswego or Yorkville (groundwater/fox River?) Joliet (groundwater/kankakee River?) Plainfield (Lake Michigan)

31 Groundwater Flow and Ore Genesis

32 Distribution of Oil Reservoirs and Mature Devonian Source Rocks Bethke et al. (1991)

33 HERRIN COAL Groundwater issues: Brine disposal Strip mine reclamation Wetland restoration Acid mine drainage

34 Fracking for Natural Gas

35 Deep Waste Injection USEPA

36 Waste Injection Wells Salinity (mg/l) Fresh Depth ,900 2,700 34, , ,800 3,600 ISGS

37 Potential CO 2 Storage Reservoirs

38 Depth to the Top of the Mt Simon Thickness of the Mt Simon

39 CARBON SEQUESTRATION

40 Manlove Natural Gas Storage Field Champaign County Wiki

41 ISGS