GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology
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1 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology Lecture 13: Immature Siliciclastic Sedimentary Environments Alluvial Fans, Braided Streams Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick
2 Last Time Immature siliciclastic sediment and sedimentary rocks 1. Immature siliciclastic sediment 2. Immature siliciclastic sedimentary rocks 3. Point counting (for this or the next lab assignment)
3 Siliciclastic Sedimentary Rocks Q Immature rocks (mineralogically unstable) Enriched in feldspars and unstable rock fragments F R Source: Blatt, H., Middleton, G and Murray, R., 1980: Origin of Sedimentary Rocks. Prentice Hill, 782 p.
4 Important Grain Parameters Grain Size (energy of deposition) Rounding (degree of wear) Sorting (energy of deposition)
5 Immature Siliciclastic Sediment Is usually more diverse (mineralogy-wise) than mature sediment. Grains include: Plagioclase feldspar Orthoclase Microcline Micas Lithics Quartz XN 250 μm
6 Lithic Fragments
7 Lithic Fragments
8 Thin-section Photomicrographs Arkose plagioclase ppl xn 750 m
9 Today s Agenda Immature siliciclastic sediment and sedimentary rocks Pictorial overview Alluvial fans Braided rivers
10 Alluvial Fans 1 km
11 Alluvial Fans 1 km
12 Alluvial Fans
13 Alluvial Fans
14 Alluvial Fans Fan head mid fan Alluvial plain Fan toe
15 Alluvial Fans
16 Alluvial Fans
17 Alluvial Fans wind
18 Alluvial Fans
19 Alluvial Fans
20 Alluvial Fans
21 Alluvial Fans
22 Alluvial Fans
23 Alluvial Fans - view from the top
24 Alluvial Fans Fan-shaped deposits of siliciclastic sediment deposited at the base of mountains Gravel to clay sized Angular to sub rounded immature
25 Alluvial Fans Best developed in arid regions
26 Alluvial Fans Best developed in arid regions Best developed in tectonically active areas From Walker, R.G Facies Models. Geological Association of Canada
27 Alluvial Fans Best developed in arid regions Best developed in tectonically active areas From Walker, R.G Facies Models. Geological Association of Canada Lateral fining
28 Alluvial Fans Best developed in arid regions Best developed in tectonically active areas Formed primarily through the action of water flow, but there are also mass flow deposits
29 Alluvial Fans Best developed in arid regions Best developed in tectonically active areas Formed primarily through the action of water flow, but there are also mass flow deposits Debris flows, fluidized flow and sieve deposits Chalk Board
30 Alluvial Fan Facies Walker, R.G. and James, N.P., Facies Models. Response to Sea Level Change.Geological Association of Canada, 409p.
31 Alluvial Fan Facies gravel Walker, R.G. and James, N.P., Facies Models. Response to Sea Level Change.Geological Association of Canada, 409p.
32 Alluvial Fan Facies sand Walker, R.G. and James, N.P., Facies Models. Response to Sea Level Change.Geological Association of Canada, 409p.
33 Alluvial Fan Facies mud Walker, R.G. and James, N.P., Facies Models. Response to Sea Level Change.Geological Association of Canada, 409p.
34 Alluvial Fan Facies Walker, R.G. and James, N.P., Facies Models. Response to Sea Level Change.Geological Association of Canada, 409p.
35 Alluvial Fan Facies Debris flows Walker, R.G. and James, N.P., Facies Models. Response to Sea Level Change.Geological Association of Canada, 409p.
36 Alluvial Fan Facies Channel deposits Walker, R.G. and James, N.P., Facies Models. Response to Sea Level Change.Geological Association of Canada, 409p.
37 Alluvial Fans - sed. sections Nemec, W. and Steel, R.J., Alluvial and coastal conglomerates: their significant features and some comments on gravelly mass-flow deposits. In Koster, E.H. and Steel, R. eds), Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Mem. 10, 1-31.
38 Alluvial Fans - sed. sections Nemec, W. and Steel, R.J., Alluvial and coastal conglomerates: their significant features and some comments on gravelly mass-flow deposits. In Koster, E.H. and Steel, R. eds), Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Mem. 10, 1-31.
39 Alluvial Fans - sed. sections Interbedded gravel/ sand beds Nemec, W. and Steel, R.J., Alluvial and coastal conglomerates: their significant features and some comments on gravelly mass-flow deposits. In Koster, E.H. and Steel, R. eds), Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Mem. 10, 1-31.
40 Alluvial Fans - sed. sections Lenticular, scoured sediment bodies
41 Braided Streams
42 Braided Streams Braided Meandering
43 Braided Streams Best developed in alluvial plains with steep gradients (1 to 3 degrees of slope); frequently in mountainous areas
44 Stream morphology Braided Anastomosing Meandering Walker, R.G. and James, N.P., Facies Models. Response to Sea Level Change.Geological Association of Canada, 409p.
45 Braided Streams Facies Walker, R.G. and James, N.P., Facies Models. Response to Sea Level Change. Geological Association of Canada, 409p.
46 Braided Streams Facies Gravel beds comprise the majority of channel and bar facies, but sand and mud are also common (flood plain facies) Walker, R.G. and James, N.P., Facies Models. Response to Sea Level Change. Geological Association of Canada, 409p.
47 Hein, F.J Deep-sea and fluvial braided channel conglomerates: a comparison of two case studies. In Koster, E.H. and Steel, R. eds), Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Mem. 10, Braided Streams Facies
48 Braided Stream sed sections Walker, R.G. and James, N.P., Facies Models. Response to Sea Level Change. Geological Association of Canada, 409p.
49 GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology Lecture 13: Alluvial Fans Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes. For personal use only.
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