GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology
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1 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology Lecture 7: Sedimentary Sections Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick
2 Last Time (online) 1. Models of traction structures 2. Sediment transport versus aggregation 3. Wave ripples 4. Erosional features 5. Surface features 6. Intrusive (dewatering & loading) structures 7. Really diagnostic structures (just a couple!)
3 Models of Traction Structures From Reineck, H.-E. and Singh, I.B Depositional Sedimentary Environments. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 549p.
4 Models of Traction Structures 1) Small current ripples current 15 cm Harms, J.C., Southard, J.B., Spearing, D.R. and Walker, R.G., Depositional Environments as Interpreted from Primary Sedimentary Structures and Stratigraphic Sequences. SEPM Short Course 2.
5 Models of Traction Structures 1) Small current ripples (Linguoidal) 10 cm From Reineck, H.-E. and Singh, I.B Depositional Sedimentary Environments. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 549p.
6 Models of Traction Structures 1) Small current ripples (lunate) 30 cm From Reineck, H.-E. and Singh, I.B Depositional Sedimentary Environments. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 549p. 100 cm
7 Migration versus aggregation current aggregation migration
8 Transport versus aggregation Climb angle
9 Wave ripples From Reineck, H.-E. and Singh, I.B Depositional Sedimentary Environments. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 549p.
10 Erosional structures Rip up clasts Scours Channels Flute marks Tool marks From Lucchi, F.R.,1995. Sedimentographica. Second Edition. Columbia University Press. 255p.
11 Surface features Rain drop imprints Mudcracks Modern Ancient (Triassic) 75 cm
12 Surface features Rain drop imprints Mudcracks Beastie trails Parting lineations Ancient (Permian) Modern 75 cm
13 Intrusive structures Loads From Lucchi, F.R.,1995. Sedimentographica. Second Edition. Columbia University Press. 255p.
14 Intrusive structures Loads Ball and pillows Sand dykes (dewatering)
15 Really diagnostic sedimentary structures 1) Beach environments Low angle crossstratification Both from: Harms, J.C., Southard, J.B., Spearing, D.R. and Walker, R.G., Depositional Environments as Interpreted from Primary Sedimentary Structures and Stratigraphic Sequences. SEPM Short Course 2.
16 Really diagnostic sedimentary structures 2) Muddy tidal environments flaser bedding wavy bedding lenticular bedding All from Reineck, H.-E. and Singh, I.B Depositional Sedimentary Environments. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 549p.
17 Really diagnostic sedimentary structures 4) Deep marine environments (density currents) Graded bedding HCS (hummocky cross-stratification) From: Harms, J.C., Southard, J.B., Spearing, D.R. and Walker, R.G., Depositional Environments as Interpreted from Primary Sedimentary Structures and Stratigraphic Sequences. SEPM Short Course 2.
18 Today s Agenda Sedimentary sections 1. Important sedimentary data 2. Examples of sedimentary sections 3. Local clay pit/st. Stephen s Quarry trips
19 Important sedimentary data This is the stuff that you need to record in the field in that hard notebook I told you to buy. Pay careful attention to what follows Chalk Board
20 Important sedimentary data Scale (always use the metric system)
21 Important sedimentary data Scale (always use the metric system) Grain size (clay, silt, sand, gravel)
22 Important sedimentary data Scale (always use the metric system) Grain size (clay, silt, sand, gravel) Lithology (quartz arenite vs. litharenite vs shale etc.)
23 Important sedimentary data Scale (always use the metric system) Grain size (clay, silt, sand, gravel) Lithology (quartz arenite vs. litharenite vs shale etc.) Mineralogy (when important variations occur)
24 Important sedimentary data Scale (always use the metric system) Grain size (clay, silt, sand, gravel) Lithology (quartz arenite vs. litharenite vs shale etc.) Mineralogy (when important variations occur) Paleontology
25 Important sedimentary data Scale (always use the metric system) Grain size (clay, silt, sand, gravel) Lithology (quartz arenite vs. litharenite vs shale etc.) Mineralogy (when important variations occur) Paleontology Sedimentary and biogenic structures
26 Important sedimentary data Scale (always use the metric system) Grain size (clay, silt, sand, gravel) Lithology (quartz arenite vs. litharenite vs shale etc.) Mineralogy (when important variations occur) Paleontology Sedimentary and biogenic structures Palaeocurrent orientations
27 Important sedimentary data Obvious sedimentary trends (e.g., fining upward sequences)
28 Important sedimentary data Obvious sedimentary trends (e.g., fining upward sequences) Bedding/Bed thickness (thin, medium, thick)
29 Important sedimentary data Obvious sedimentary trends (e.g., fining upward sequences) Bedding/Bed thickness (thin, medium, thick) Lamination (thin, medium, thick)
30 Important sedimentary data Obvious sedimentary trends (e.g., fining upward sequences) Bedding/Bed thickness (thin, medium, thick) Lamination (thin, medium, thick) Bedding contacts (sharp, gradational, scoured)
31 Important sedimentary data Obvious sedimentary trends (e.g., fining upward sequences) Bedding/Bed thickness (thin, medium, thick) Lamination (thin, medium, thick) Bedding contacts (sharp, gradational, scoured) Lateral variations (e.g., channels etc.)
32 Important sedimentary data Obvious sedimentary trends (e.g., fining upward sequences) Bedding/Bed thickness (thin, medium, thick) Lamination (thin, medium, thick) Bedding contacts (sharp, gradational, scoured) Lateral variations (e.g., channels etc.) Facies interpretations
33 Important sedimentary data Obvious sedimentary trends (e.g., fining upward sequences) Bedding/Bed thickness (thin, medium, thick) Lamination (thin, medium, thick) Bedding contacts (sharp, gradational, scoured) Lateral variations (e.g., channels etc.) Facies interpretations Anything else that you can think of
34 Sedimentary Sections So what makes a good section good and a bad section bad?
35 Sedimentary Sections So what makes a good section good and a bad section bad? 1) Accuracy. Does the section convey the important info?
36 Sedimentary Sections So what makes a good section good and a bad section bad? 1) Accuracy. Does the section convey the important info? 2) Clarity. Can you see what the author wants you to see without clutter?
37 Sedimentary Sections So what makes a good section good and a bad section bad? 1) Accuracy. Does the section convey the important info? 2) Clarity. Can you see what the author wants you to see without clutter? 3) Attractiveness. Do you want to put it up over your Justin Bieber poster above your bed?
38 Sedimentary Sections So what makes a good section good and a bad section bad? 1) Accuracy. Does the section convey the important info? 2) Clarity. Can you see what the author wants you to see without clutter? 3) Attractiveness. Do you want to put it up over your Justin Bieber poster above your bed? 4) Correct format. Follow the rules!
39 Sedimentary Sections
40 Sedimentary Sections
41 Sedimentary Sections
42 Sedimentary Sections
43 Sedimentary Sections
44 Sedimentary Sections
45 Sedimentary Sections
46 Our Next Field Excursion 1 Sun Feb 11: 9:00 am to 5:00 pm Depart: LSCB Parking Lot Destination: Perdido, AL Purpose: Group work, real outcrop access Limited Van Space: sign up sheet will be posted Bring: Sturdy boots, hard covered note book, hammer, pencils, hand lens, tape measure, small ruler, back pack. Lunch, water, bug spray, digital camera, $$$.
47 Upcoming Stuff Homework 1) Activity 2 (Rock descriptions Due Now) 2) Writing Assignment 2-redo (Hypothesis and methods: Due Now) Today s Lab Grain size analysis Online: Lecture 6: More Sedimentary Structures Next Tuesday: Lecture 8: Sedimentary Facies
48 GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology Lecture 7: Sedimentary Sections Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposed. For personal use only.
GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology Lecture 6: Primary and Diagnostic Sedimentary Structures Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Today s Lecture 1. Models of traction structures 2.
GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology Lecture 8: Sedimentary Facies Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time Sedimentary sections 1. Important sedimentary data 2. Examples of sedimentary
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