Disaster Mitigation Efforts in Indonesia

Transcription

1 State Ministry of Research and Technology Republic of Indonesia Disaster Mitigation Efforts in Indonesia presented at Second Asian Science and Technology Forum Tokyo, 8 September 2006 by Dr. Idwan Suhardi Deputy Minister for Utilization and Dissemination of Research and Technology State Ministry of Research and Technology Republic of Indonesia page 1

2 OUTLINE 1. INTRODUCTION 2 RECENT DISASTER 3. CURRENT STATUS OF INDONESIAN TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS 4. END-TO TO-END TSUNAMI SIMULATION IN PADANG CITY ON 26 DECEMBER 2005 page 2

3 1. INTRODUCTION page 3

4 Tectonic Setting and Seismicity of Indonesia The Indonesian region very complicated plates convergence : subduction, collision, back-arc thrusting, back-arc and opening faults Moving relatively to each other the India-Australia plate : moving northward the Philippine sea plate : moving west-northwestward. the Caroline plate : moving east-southeastward (near Aru) and west-northwestward (near Yap trench) Every year about 460 earthquakes (M > 4.0 ) page 4

5 Earthquake and Tsunami History EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE WITH WITH M M RS RS IN IN INDONESIA, INDONESIA, A. A. TOTAL TOTAL :: B. B. IN IN THE THE SEA SEA C. C. SHALLOW SHALLOW IN IN THE THE SEA SEA :: (( % % )) D. D. GENERATED GENERATED TSUNAMI) TSUNAMI) :: (( % % )) :: (( % % )) modified from : Latif and Guisakof page 5

6 Earthquake Events in Indonesia EARTHQUAKE with MAGNITUDE 7.0 RS ( ) TOTAL NUMBER OF Earthquakes = 1968 event 212 event 11% Indonesia 1756 event 89% Out of Indonesia page 6

7 2. Recent Disaster Aceh Tsunami Merapi Eruption Jogja Earthquake Pangandaran Tsunami page 7

8 Tsunami Aceh : a brief reminder 132,000 confirmed dead 37,000 missing 572,000 displaced 1.3 million homes and buildings destroyed 8 ports and 4 fuel deports damaged 85% of the water and 92% of the sanitation system broke down 120 km of roads and 18 main bridges demolished total losses amount to US$ 4.5 billion, which represents 2.2% of National GDP and 97% of Aceh s GDP page 8

9 the causes Catastrophic earthquake Scale 9 with shallow epicenter offshore Very strong ground shaking for 4 minutes felt in many areas People moved out of their houses out of fear Followed by a tsunami Wave height ranging from 4 35 m Most people have never seen such calamity in their lives Did not know what to do chaotic No warning was issued page 9

10 What remains page 10

11 Volcanic Eruption : Mount Merapi page 11

12 The Merapi Cycle During the period of 1006 to 2001 Mount Merapi has erupted 82 times. Short cycle 2-5 years Medium cycle 5-7 years The last three eruptions (1997, 1998, 2001) no casualties, but two people died during 2006 eruption. page 12

13 The Jogja Earthquake, 27 May 2006 Earthquake with 5.9 SR 6,234 people died 7,057 houses collapse, including several historical sites Jogja airport was closed for several days Total losses is estimated at US$ 3 billion page 13

14 Earthquake and Tsunami, 17 July 2006 page 14

15 the victims page 15

16 maximum : 7 m wave Location Longitude Latitude Inundation height Pameungpeuk 107:41:26.6E 7:40:05.9S 5.20m Sindangkerta 108:03:35.7E 7:45:52.8S 3.74m+ 108:24:09.9E 7:48:56.0S 3.67m 108:26:32.1E 7:49:10.2S 5.9m Batukaras 108:29:51.3E 7:44:48.6S 2.12m Batu Hiu 108:32:09.4E 7:41:31.9S 5.34m Bulak Laut 108:36:43.3E 7:41:01.2S 7.67m Pangandaran 108:39:06.0E 7:41:37.6S 4.69m Widara Payung 109:15:51.8E 7:41:53.2S 6.70m+ page 16

17 2. CURRENT STATUS OF INDONESIAN TEWS page 17

18 in response to Aceh tsunami, Government formed the Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Agency (BRR) Ministry of Research and Technology responsible in coordinating various agencies in the Development of Tsunami Warning Systems throughout Indonesia KLH DEPLU ESDM KOMINFO BAPPENAS BAKORNAS PBP BAKOSURTANAL BPPT LAPAN LIPI BMG DKP ITB page 18

19 Summary of Grand-scenario Geo Input Sensing Devices : Seismometer Accelerometer OBU : - Seismometer - Accelerometer - Pressure GPS Transmit Data : Bottom to Surface, Surface to center Processing Center Transmit Information : SR/MMI Location (LS+BT) Depth Time Predict : Tsunami? Recipients : Bakornas Satkorlak Satlak Media Recipients : Bakornas Satkorlak Satlak Media COMMUNITY page 19

20 Schematic Diagram of Basic Design page 20

21 Satellite in Indian Ocean Satellite in Pacific system HAA GTS or ACeS Regional/National Center GPS Coastal station Coastal station Seismograph Buoy Tide gage Bottom pressure gauge OBS Indian Ocean Plate Jan Sopaheluwakan, 2005 page 21

22 System Elements Seismic Monitoring Seismograph Accelerograph Database of Tsunami Modeling Sea level monitoring DART - BUOY Tide Gauge Information and Communication Technology Crustal Deformation Monitoring GPS Geospatial Information Satellite Imagery Topographic and Bathymetric map Community Preparedness Capacity Building page 22

23 Seismic Monitoring NO DEVICE PLANNED EXISTING 1 SEISMOGRAPH 160 units scattered in 10 Regional Offices issue warning within 5 minutes 58 units scattered in 5 Regional Offices issue warning within minutes 2 ACCELEROGRAPH 500 Units 9 Units page 23

24 Sea level Monitoring DEVICE EXISTING PLAN TIDE GAUGE 60 units (35 analog graphical chart and 25 digital tidal recording) 120 units of digital tidal recording page 24

25 Oceanographic Monitoring DEVICE EXISTING PLANNED DART-BUOY 12 Units to only monitor sea environment 22 Units of Ocean Bottom Pressure Sensors page 25

26 Crustal Deformation Monitoring Plan to install Continuous GPS ( 27 GPS near tide gauges and 10 GPS near Buoys) page 26

27 Tsunami Modeling 16 of 109 tsunamis have been simulated 1. The 1797 West Sumatran Tsunami 2. The 1818 Bali Tsunami 3. The 1820 Bima Tsunami 4. The 1833 Bengkulu Tsunami 5. The 1883 Krakatau Volc Tsunami 6. The 1935 North Sumatera Tsunami 7. The 1969 Mandar Tsunami 8. The 1992 Flores Tsunami 9. The 1994 East Java Tsunami 10. The 1996 Toli-Toli Tsunami 11. The 1996 Biak Tsunami 12. The 1998 PNG Tsunami 13. The 2000 Banggai Tsunami 14. The 2004 Aceh Tsunami 15. The 2005 Nias Tsunami 16. The 2006 Pangandaran Friday, 8 September Tsunami 2006 page 27

28 The 2004 Aceh Tsunami Tsunami Height Distribution Tsunami Inundation Latief, Aditya, Haris, (2005) page 28

29 page 29

30 Numerical Modeling (Pangandaran 17 July 2006) page 30

31 End-to to-end Tsunami Simulation in Padang City on 26 December 2005 page 31

32 Tsunami Prone Area in the World PADANG City (Source : Geographica) page 32

33 Community Preparedness Tsunami in Indonesia are local type Generated very close to coastal communities Insufficient time to accurately assess the risk Less time to disseminate warnings and carry out orderly evacuation page 33

34 Seismological Summary of Sumatera Padang (Natawidjaya, 2002) Several big earthquake have been recorded in the West Coast of Sumatra (e.g. 1833, 1935 and 2004) and initiated tsunami disaster. Based on paleo-tsunami research, the next big earthquake with tsunami is forecasted to occur at Padang page 34

35 page 35

36 Statistics of Padang City Geographical Position : S Area : km2 Inhabitants : 901,488 people Coast length : +/- 84 km Number of surrounding rivers : 21 Altitude : 0 10 m (60%) page 36

37 Public Education Materials page 37

38 National Media Campaign page 38

39 Local Media Campaign page 39

40 Distributed Materials and Previous Exercise Hazard Map Evacuation Routes Learning media Earthquake and tsunami drill page 40

41 Increasing Awareness for Government Officers page 41

42 Workshop for Developing Evacuation Map page 42

43 TOT for Local Officers, Students, NGO and Public page 43

44 TOT for Local Officers, Students, NGO and Public page 44

45 Tsunami Model for Padang City Tsunami numerical simulation is under-development for Padang area based on the 1833 earthquake. The model would be able to simulate tsunami run-up and predicts the available time for evacuation purposes Please wait take some time to run the program page 45

46 Elevation of Padang City : 0-5 mdpl : 5 10 mdpl : mdpl : mdpl : > 100 mdpl : Danger Zone : Alert Zone : Safe Zone : Relocation Zone : Relocation Zone Safe Area: > 5 meters above sea-level Kogami page

47 Evacuation Map and Sign Boards Documentation LIPI page 47

48 Evacuation Routes and Escape Building page 48

49 Evacuation Routes and Escape Building KAMPUS UNAND INDARUNG BY PASS TELUK BAYUR LUBUK BEGALUNG SIMPANG HARU JL. RADEN SALEH PUSAT KOTA page 49

50 Evacuation Routes and Escape Building BY-PASS/BALAI BARU BY-PASS RAWANG PANJANG SITEBA TUNGGUL HITAM LAPAI ULAK KARANG TABING/AIR TAWAR page 50

51 Evacuation Routes and Escape Building LUBUK MINTURUN BY PASS PARAK BURUAK ANAK AIR SIMPANG TABING BY PASS BY PASS SIMPANG LALANG LUBUK BUAYA SIMPANG KALUMPANG SIMPANG DUKU BEBERAPA JALUR DAN TITIK EVAKUASI SUMBER: Dinas Prasarana Jalan Propinsi Sumbar page 51

52 DTM of Padang page 52

53 Commemoration of One-year Tsunami Disaster Sending warning from National Center (BMG) to Major of Padang City (Authorized person) by Pushing Red Button People went to the designed evacuation place (Pangilun Mountain) Activities at the Evacuation Place page 53

54 Real time Earthquake Monitoring Indonesia, with the aids from several other countries, have established additional 11 seismometer stations (Nias, Yogyakarta, Banda Aceh, Jambi, Padang Panjang, Bengkulu, Bandung, Palu, Waingapu, Denpasar, Tangerang) as a part of INA-TWS. Utilizing the global network, INA-TWS has capacity to distribute earthquake information in less than 10 minutes after earthquake occurs. This has been demonstrated by an end-to-end simulation on December 2005 to commemorate one-year of the Aceh-tsunami page 54

55 Real-time Sea-level Monitoring System for sea level monitoring in Padang has been established and directly connected with BMG on real time basis for tsunami warning confirmation. page 55

56 Tsunami Warning Message Content via SMS : Terjadi gempa kuat 26 Desember 2005; WIB; 125 km barat daya Kota Padang. Potensi timbulkan tsunami, segera tinggalkan pantai Kota Padang dan sekitarnya. (BMG) A strong earthquake has occurred on December 26, 2005; WIB; 125 km South-West of Padang City It potentially can trigger tsunami, please evacuate yourself immediately from coasts of Padang City and its surrounding page 56

57 Dissemination of Warning Information From National Center (BMG-Jakarta) to Major of Padang via SMS From Major of Padang to Critical Posts by Siren, HT, Local Communication. The Critical Posts include: The Center of Operational Control Fire Brigade Police Indonesian Red Cross Mosques Churches page 57

58 SITUATION DURING TSUNAMI DRILL page 58

59 Spatial Plan Principles for Padang City : page 59

60 the way forward Tsunami early warning systems cannot be handled by a single country. Strong cooperation is needed among all countries over the globe, especially those who have coastal areas threatened by tsunami. Such cooperation can be classified into two main groups, i.e. : structure (relating to establishment of sensing devices) and culture (relating to building resilient communities) The cooperation can be in the form of : A. STRUCTURE Funding for sensing equipment and installation, including data sharing and information exchange Operation and maintenance of the systems for both financial and technological aspects Development of robust communication infrastructure page 60

61 the way forward B. CULTURE Capacity building in human resource development, joint research program and institutional development Empowering domestic resources in instrumentation industries and facilities Strengthening the regional network Enhancing the community preparedness together with public awareness towards community-based disaster management Development of redundancy in warning dissemination Development of formal education in disaster management page 61

62 Closure Thank You page 62