Falk Amelung. Sang-Ho Yun. Thomas Walter. Asta Miklius. now at GFZ Potsdam. Hawaii Volcano Observatory. Stanford University
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1 Falk Amelung RSMAS - University of Miami Thomas Walter now at GFZ Potsdam Sang-Ho Yun Stanford University Asta Miklius Hawaii Volcano Observatory
2 Pinatubo 1991 Bautista et al., 98 Mount Pinatubo erupted 9 months after earthquake Luzon M7.8 earthquake 100 km Did the earthquake trigger the eruption, and how?
3 Karymksy 1996 Karymsky erupted 2 days after earthquake M earthquake 50 km
4 Karymksy 1996 Static stress changes due to earthquake Static stress changes may explain the eruption!
5 Galapagos Islands Fernandina ERS interferog 1995 radial dike Fernandina 2005 circumferential dike Jonsson et al., Isabela Island Eruptions in 1995, 13 May 2005 Fernandina
6 Galapagos Islands Fernandina ERS interferog 1995 radial dike Fernandina 2005 circumferential dike Jonsson et al., Isabela Island
7 Static stress changes Fernandina ERS interferog 1995 radial dike Modelling of changes in the stress field along calderabounding rift zone 2005 circumferential dike
8 3D view Static stress changes Fernandina ERS interferog 1995 radial dike Normal stress 2005 circumferential dike clamping unclamping
9 3D view Static stress changes Fernandina ERS interferog 1995 radial dike unclamping Normal stress clamping unclamping 2005 circumferential dike Conclusion: 2005 dike intruded in area unclamped by the 1995 dike!
10 Fernandina ERS interferog 1995 radial dike unclamping 2005 circumferential dike clamping unclamping
11 Sierra Negra volcano Fernandina and Isabela Islands - Ground Deformation Sierra Negra volcano trapdoor faulting in 1998 ERS interferograms Sill at 2 km depth 0
12 Sierra Negra volcano Fernandina and Isabela Islands - Ground Deformation trapdoor faulting in spring 200 Envisat interferograms 0
13 Sierra Negra volcano eruption 22 Oct 2005 trapdoor faulting in spring 20 eruptions 1979, 2005?, 1998, 2005 Envisat interferograms Simulation: Sang-ho Yun sill propagation model 0 north-south cross-section Conclusion: 2005 eruption site consistent with propagating sill model
14 Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii The Hawaiian Volcanoes Mauna Loa: eruptions in 1950, 1984 Kilauea: continuous eruption since 1983 Photos: HVO
15 Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii Radarsat A3 interferogram ALEP ELEP Inflation since May 2002 ~ 7 cm/yr extension across caldera
16 Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii Stacked Interferograms Ascending, stack of Beam 4 3 Interferograms ascending S3
17 una Loa volcano, Stacked stacks Interferograms of RSAT interferogra
18 una Loa volcano, Stacked stacks Interferograms of RSAT interferogra
19 una Loa volcano, Stacked stacks Interferograms of RSAT interferogra
20 Mauna Loa volcano: Kinematic Model 2-D velocity field from ~80 acquisitions
21 Mauna Loa volcano: Kinematic Model
22 Mauna Loa volcano: Kinematic Model
23 Mauna Loa volcano: Kinematic Model
24 Mauna Loa magma plumbing system Opening along Rift Zone Kinematic model Dynamic model variable magma excess pressure, point source, halfspace uniform magma excess pressure, finite source, topography (Williams & Wadge - maximum dike inflation south method) of caldera beneath summit rese deep rift intrusion, 0.25 m/yr opening magma chamber, 4.5 km depth, km radius
25 Mauna Loa magma plumbing system Opening along Rift Zone Dynamic model deep rift intrusion magma chamber km radius uniform magma excess pressure, finite source, topography (Williams & Wadge - maximum dike inflation south of caldera beneath summit rese method)
26 Status stress changes Opening along Rift Zone Inflation of magma plumbing System - maximum encourages dike decollement inflation south of caldera beneath summit rese faulting!
27 Conclusions Fernandina: stress-transfer model predict location of 2005 circumferential dike Sierra Negra: sill propagation model pre 2005 eruptive dike Mauna Loa: decollement slip consistent wit changes due to the inflation of model magmatic sy
28 Conclusions Fernandina: stress-transfer model predict location of 2005 circumferential dike Sierra Negra: sill propagation model pre 2005 eruptive dike Mauna Loa: decollement slip consistent wit changes due to the inflation of model magmatic sy job ad: grad. student, opportuniti
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