NC Earth Science Essential Standards
|
|
- Emily Stokes
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 NC Earth Science Essential Standards EEn. 2.1 Explain how processes and forces affect the Lithosphere. EEn Explain how the rock cycle, plate tectonics, volcanoes, and earthquakes impact the Lithosphere. EEn Predict the locations of volcanoes, earthquakes, and faults based on information contained in a variety of maps. EEn Explain how natural actions such as weathering, erosion (wind, water, and gravity), and soil formation affect Earth s surface. EEn Explain the probability of and preparation for geohazards such as landslides, avalanches, earthquakes, and volcanoes in a particular area based on available data. [National Science Content Standards:] UPC.1, UCP.2, UCP.3, UPC.4, UPC.5; A.1, A.2; B.4, B.6; D.1, D.2, D.3; F.4, F.5, F.6; G.3;
2 Reading Assignment: Read ; pages: Objective: Vocabulary: Explain how the rock cycle, plate tectonics, volcanoes, and earthquakes impact the Lithosphere. Predict the locations of volcanoes, earthquakes, and faults based on information contained in a variety of maps. viscosity Pluton Batholith Stock Laccolith Sill Dike Vent Crater Caldera Shield volcano Cinder-cone volcano Tephra Pyroclastic flow Hot spot
3 Volcanic Activity The ash that spews from some volcanoes can form billowy clouds that travel around the world before raining back down to Earth. In the last years, more than 1500 different volcanoes have erupted-providing evidence that Earth is indeed geologically active.
4 How Magma Forms All volcanoes are fueled by magma deep beneath Earth s surface. Magma is a mixture of molten rock, suspended minerals, and dissolved gases and forms when temperatures are high enough to melt rocks. Depending on their composition, most rocks melt at temperatures between 800ºC 1200ºC. These temperatures exist at the base of the lithosphere and in the asthenosphere (plastic like portion of the mantle), beneath the lithosphere. The other factors that affect the formation of magma beside temperature are pressure and water.
5 Pressure Pressure, which increases with depth, is one factor that determines whether rocks will melt to form magma. As pressure increases, the temperature at which a substance melts also increases. Due to the effects of pressure, most of the rocks in Earth s lower crust and upper mantle do not melt to form magma. 1100
6 Magma Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Lesson 2b Volcanic Activity EEn and Water The presence of water also influences whether a rock will melt. At any given pressure, a wet mineral or rock will melt at a lower temperature than the same mineral or rock under dry conditions.
7 Types of Magma Magma The three major types of magma are: basaltic magma, andesitic magma, and rhyolitic magma. Basaltic magma has the same composition as basalt and fuels the volcanoes that make up the Hawaiian Islands and Surtsey, which is south of Iceland. Andesitic magma has the same composition as andesite and fuels Mount St. Helens in Washington State and Tambora in Indonesia. Rhyolitic magma has the same composition as granite and fueled the dormant volcanoes in Yellowstone National Park.
8 According to the map the most active volcanoes are located on the edges of the Pacific Ocean plate.
9 Magma Composition A number of factors determine the composition of magma. Viscosity is the internal resistance to flow; the higher the viscosity, the slower the flow. Flows like: Warm honey Room temp. honey Chilled honey The hotter the magma/lava is, the lower the viscosity; and the easier it flows; Magmas/lavas high in silica have higher viscosities; and resist flowing; The amount of silica content in magma/lava increases the viscosity; high in silica produce higher viscosities;
10 Basaltic Magma (Hawaiian Islands) Basaltic magma typically forms when rocks in the upper mantle melt. Most basaltic magma rises relatively rapidly to Earth s surface and reacts very little with crustal rocks due to its low viscosity (this magma flows quickly). Basaltic magma contains small amounts of dissolved gases and silica due to its low viscosity Basaltic lava temperatures: 1000ºC 1250ºC
11 Andesitic Magma (Mount St Helen s) Andesitic magma is found along continental margins, where oceanic crust is subducted into Earth s mantle. The source material for this magma can be either oceanic crust or oceanic sediments. Andesitic magma contain about 60% silica, the high content results in having an intermediate viscosity, Volcanoes having andesitic magma are said to have intermediate eruptions. Andesitic magma temperatures: 800ºC 1000ºC
12 Rhyolitic Magma (Yellowstone Calderas) Rhyolitic magma forms when molten material rises and mixes with the overlying silica- and water-rich continental crust. The high viscosity of rhyolitic magma inhibits its movement (very slow moving magma/lava). The resistance to flow, along with the large volume of trapped gasses within this magma, makes these volcanoes very explosive! Rhyolitic magma temperatures: 650ºC 800ºC
13 Intrusive Activity Magma, because it is molten, is less dense than surrounding rocks. This density difference forces magma to move upward and eventually come into contact with, or intrude into, the overlying crust.
14 Intrusive Activity Intruding magma can affect the crust in several ways: A. Magma can force the overlying rock apart and enter the newly formed fissures. B. Magma can cause blocks of rock to break off and sink into the magma, melting or partially melting rock. C. Magma can melt the rock into which it intrudes.
15 Plutons Cooling magma forms minerals; over a very long period of time, minerals combine to form intrusive igneous rock bodies. Plutons are intrusive igneous rock bodies that can be exposed at Earth s surface as a result of uplift and erosion and are classified based on their size, shape, and relationship to surrounding rocks.
16 Batholiths, the largest plutons, Irregularly shaped masses of coarse-grained igneous rocks; Covering at least 100 km 2 and take millions of years to form. Common in the interior of major mountain chains, many batholith in North America are composed primarily of granite, most common rock found in plutons Gabbro, diorite, basalt, and andesite may also be found in batholiths.
17 Stocks are irregularly shaped plutons that are similar to batholiths but smaller in size Both batholiths and stocks cut across older rocks and generally form km beneath Earth s surface.
18 Laccolith are a mushroom-shaped pluton with a round top and flat bottom resulting from a magma intrusion into parallel rock layers close to Earth s surface. When magma intrudes into parallel rock layers close to Earth s surface, some of the rocks bow upward due to the intense heat and pressure and, a laccolith forms. Compared to batholiths and stocks, laccoliths are relatively small; they are, at most, up to 16 km wide. Laccoliths exist in the Black Hills of South Dakota, Henry Mountains of Utah, and Judith Mountain of Montana.
19 Sills and Dikes A sill forms when magma intrudes parallel to layers of rock, and can range from a few cm to hundreds of meters A dike is magma that cuts across preexisting rocks (not parallel) and ranges from a few cm to several meters wide and up to tens of kilometers long While the textures of sills and dikes vary, many are coarse grained, indicating they were formed deep in Earth s crust, where magma cooled relatively slowly.
20 Plutons and Tectonics Many plutons, especially batholiths, are formed as the result of mountain-building processes. Batholiths are thought to have formed as a result of continental-continental and oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries. The plutons that form deep beneath Earth s surface represent the majority of igneous activity on our planet.
21 Anatomy of a Volcano When magma reaches Earth s surface it is called lava. A vent is where lava erupts through an opening in the crust. As lava flows out onto the surface, it cools and solidifies around the vent, eventually accumulating to form a mountain known as a volcano. A crater is a bowl-shaped depression at the top of a volcano that is connected to the magma chamber by a vent.
22 Anatomy of a Volcano Volcanic craters are usually less than 1 km in diameter. Calderas are large depressions up to 50 km in diameter that can form when the summit or the side of a volcano collapses into the magma chamber that once fueled the volcano.
23 How Calderas form: Due to repeated volcanic eruptions The underlying magma chamber begins to empty. The emptied magma chamber no longer able to carry the weight of the overlying volcano, And the roof of the chamber collapses, The caldera, can fill with water and eventually form into a lake.
24 Types of Volcanoes The appearance of a volcano depends on two factors: The type of material that forms the volcano The type of eruptions that occur Based on these two criteria, three major types of volcanoes have been identified: Shield volcanoes Cinder-cone volcanoes Composite volcanoes
25 Shield Volcanoes (largest volcanoes) A shield volcano a mountain with broad, gently sloping straight sides, and a nearly circular base that forms when layer upon layer of basaltic lava accumulates during nonexplosive eruptions. Basaltic lava have low viscosity and are less explosive due to a relatively small amount of gasses and silica Shield volcanoes are by far the largest; and have straight, gentle slopes. Shield Volcano: Mauna Loa
26 Cinder-Cone Volcanoes (smallest volcanoes) A cinder-cone volcano is a generally small, steepsided, concave sloped, volcanos that forms when material ejected high into the air falls back to Earth and piles up around the vent. The magma that fuels these volcanoes contains more water and silica than shield volcanoes, which makes them more explosive in nature. Cinder-cone volcanoes are the smallest; and have steep concave slopes. Cinder-Cone Volcano: Izalco Volcano Most are less than 500 m high.
27 Composite Volcanoes Composite volcanoes (also known as a stratovolcano) are large, concave sloped, volcanoes that form when layers of volcanic fragments alternate with lava. The magma that forms composite volcanoes commonly contains large amounts of silica, water, and gases, making these volcanoes violently explosive. Composite volcanoes also have concave slopes. Composite Volcano: Mt Rainier
28 Volcanic Material Tephra are rock fragments thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption and can cause tremendous damage and kill thousands of people. Tephra are classified by size, the smallest being dust (less than 0.25 mm) and ash ( mm). Somewhat larger fragments are called lapilli, or little stones (2 64 mm in diameter). The largest tephra thrown from a volcano include angular volcanic blocks and may be cooled to form rounded or streamlined volcanic bombs, both of which can be the size of a house or larger.
29 Pyroclastic Flows A pyroclastic flow is a cloud of volcanic gas, dust, and other tephra traveling at speeds of nearly 200 km/h. The temperature at the center of a pyroclastic flow can exceed 700ºC (1292ºF). One of the most widely known and deadly pyroclastic flows occurred in 1902 on Mount Pelée on the island of Martinique in the Caribbean. More than 29,000 people died due to suffocation or burns.
30 Where do volcanoes occur? Most volcanoes form at plate boundaries. About percent of all volcanoes are found along convergent boundaries. About 15 percent are found along divergent boundaries. Only about 5 percent of extrusive igneous activity occurs far from any plate boundary.
31 Convergent Volcanism Volcanoes Convergence involving oceanic plates creates subduction zones, and the magma generated is forced upward through the overlying plate and forms volcanoes when it reaches the surface. The volcanoes associated with convergent plate boundaries form two major belts: The larger belt, the Circum- Pacific Belt, is also called the Pacific Ring of Fire. The smaller belt is called the Mediterranean Belt.
32 Divergent Volcanism (15% formed) At divergent plate boundaries (where plates are moving apart), magma is forced upward into the fractures and faults that form as the plates separate. These areas of major faults/fractures are called rift zones. Most of the world s rift volcanism occurs under water along ocean ridges. This type of volcanism results in the formation of new ocean floor during the seafloor spreading process.
33 Hot Spots (5% formed) Some volcanoes are located far from plate boundaries and form as the result of hot spots. Hot spots are unusually hot regions of Earth s mantle where high-temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface A plume does not move laterally, which results in a trail of progressively older volcanoes that formed as a plate moved over a hot spot.
34 Hot Spots The Hawaiian Islands continue to rise above the ocean floor as the Pacific Plate moves slowly over a hot spot. The rate and direction of plate motion can be calculated from the positions of volcanoes in a chain that has formed over a hot spot.
35 Hot Spots Note that Meiji is at one end of the Emperor Seamounts, while Hawaii is at the southern most end of the Hawaiian Islands. The bend in the chain of islands at Daikakuji Seamount records a change in the direction of the Pacific Plate that occurred about 43 million years ago.
36 Flood Basalts In addition to seamount chains, hot spots can result in the formation of flood basalts. Flood basalts erupt from fissures rather than a central vent and form flat plains or plateaus rather than volcanic mountains. The volume of basalt in these eruptions can be tremendous, as seen in the Columbia River Basalts in the Northwestern United States and the Deccan Traps in India.
37 Magma Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Lesson 2b Volcanic Activity EEn and Section Assessment 1. Match the magma types with their characteristics. B basaltic A andesitic C rhyolitic A. intermediate viscosity content, forms from oceanic crust and oceanic sediments B. low viscosity and gas content, forms from rocks in the upper mantle C. high viscosity, forms from continental crust materials
38 Magma Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Lesson 2b Volcanic Activity EEn and Section Assessment 2. What would be the likely effect if the volcano at Yellowstone National Park were to erupt? Why? It would most likely be a devastating eruption because it would be fueled by rhyolitic magma, which has a very high viscosity and gas content.
39 Magma Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Lesson 2b Volcanic Activity EEn and Section Assessment 3. Identify whether the following statements are true or false. true It is unlikely that Mount Kilauea in Hawaii will explosively erupt. true Wet granite will melt at a lower temperature than dry granite. false A liquid with a high viscosity will also have a high flow rate. true Major eruptions of Mount St. Helens in Washington state and Mount Fuji in Japan would probably be similar in nature.
40 Intrusive Activity Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Lesson 2b Volcanic Activity EEn and Section Assessment 1. Match the following terms with their definitions. D batholith B stock E laccolith A sill dike C A. a pluton that forms when magma intrudes parallel to layers of rock B. an irregularly shaped pluton that is similar to a batholith but smaller in size C. a pluton that cuts across preexisting rocks D. an irregularly shaped pluton that covers at least 100 km 2 E. a mushroom-shaped pluton with a round top and flat bottom
41 Intrusive Activity Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Lesson 2b Volcanic Activity EEn and Section Assessment 2. How do sills and laccoliths differ? Sills and laccoliths both result from magma intrusions that are parallel to existing rock. Laccoliths push the overlying layers upward, creating a distinct mushroom-shape when they cool and solidify. Sills are generally thinner and do not cause a noticeable bump in the surface.
42 Intrusive Activity Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Lesson 2b Volcanic Activity EEn and Section Assessment 3. What surface feature are batholiths most associated with? Batholiths are found at the cores of many of Earth s mountain ranges.
43 Volcanoes Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Lesson 2b Volcanic Activity EEn and Section Assessment 1. Match the following terms with their definitions. A vent C crater D tephra E pyroclastic flow caldera B A. an opening in the crust from which lava flows B. depression caused by a collapsed magma chamber C. a bowl-shaped depression around an opening in the crust D. volcanic materials that are thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption E. a cloud of rapidly moving, extremely hot volcanic material
44 Volcanoes Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Lesson 2b Volcanic Activity EEn and Section Assessment 2. How can chains of volcanoes that form over a hot spot track plate movement? The hot spot is in a fixed location. All of the volcanoes in the chain were over the hot spot when they formed. The volcanoes movement and the direction of the chain s alignment indicates the movement of the plate.
45 Volcanoes Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Lesson 2b Volcanic Activity EEn and Section Assessment 3. Identify whether the following statements are true or false. true Many cinder-cone volcanoes are less than 500 m high. false Volcanism is more common along divergent boundaries as compared to convergent boundaries. false The Mediterranean Belt is also known as the Ring of Fire. true It can be 700ºC in the center of a pyroclastic flow.
46 Chapter Assessment Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Lesson 2b Volcanic Activity EEn and Multiple Choice 1. Andesitic magma has a silica content of about percent. a. 50 c. 70 b. 60 d. 80 Basaltic magma has a silica content of about 50%. Rhyolitic magma has a silica content of about 70%.
47 Multiple Choice Chapter Assessment 2. Which of the following is the largest type of pluton? a. stock c. batholith b. laccolith d. sill Batholith plutons are common in the interiors of many mountain chains and are the result of the magma generated during subduction at convergence zones.
48 Multiple Choice Chapter Assessment 3. Shield cone volcanoes are fueled by what kind of magma? a. basaltic c. tephra b. andesitic d. rhyolitic Basaltic magma has a low viscosity and erupts with low explosiveness. This allows the lava to flow down the mountain s slopes and continually add to the mountain.
49 Multiple Choice Chapter Assessment 4. Where is divergent volcanism generally found? a. ocean rifts c. ocean trench b. mid-plate d. Abyssal plains Divergent volcanism is almost entirely found underwater (Iceland is the major exception) at ocean rifts. Through divergent volcanism, new sea floor is created as the plates spread apart.
50 Multiple Choice Chapter Assessment 5. Where are most active volcanoes located? a. divergent c. hot spots boundaries b. convergent d. transform boundaries boundaries Most active volcanoes are in the either the Circum-Pacific or Mediterranean Volcanic Belts, which are located on convergent boundaries.
51 Short Answer Chapter Assessment 6. How does the presence of water influence whether a rock will melt? At any given pressure, a wet mineral or rock will melt at a lower temperature than the same mineral or rock under dry conditions.
52 Short Answer Chapter Assessment 7. What is the relationship between viscosity and the temperature of magma or lava? The hotter the magma or lava, the lower the viscosity.
53 True or False Chapter Assessment 8. Identify whether the following statements are true or false. false Andesitic magma has more explosive potential than rhyolitic magma. false A dike forms when magma intrudes parallel to layers of rock. true Cinder-cone volcanoes can form on the flanks of a shield volcano. true Many of the volcanoes in the Cascade range are composite volcanoes. true The hot spot under Hawaii has existed for at least 75 million years.
54 Section 18.1 Study Guide Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Lesson 2b Volcanic Activity EEn and Section 18.1 Main Ideas Temperature, pressure, and the presence of water are factors that affect the formation of magma. As pressure increases, the temperature at which a substance melts also increases. At any given pressure, the presence of water will cause a substance to melt at a lower temperature than the same substance under dry conditions. There are three major types of magma: basaltic magma, andesitic magma, and rhyolitic magma. These magmas differ in the source rock from which they form, viscosity, silica content, gas content, and explosiveness. Basaltic magma is the least explosive magma; rhyolitic magma is the most explosive.
55 Section 18.2 Study Guide Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Lesson 2b Volcanic Activity EEn and Section 18.2 Main Ideas Magmatic intrusions affect the crust in several ways. Magma can force overlying rock apart and enter the newly formed fissures. Magma can also cause blocks of rock to break off and sink into the magma chamber. Magma can melt the rock into which it intrudes. Batholiths, stocks, sills, dikes, and laccoliths are plutons that are classified according to their size, shape, and relationship to surrounding rocks. Batholiths are the largest plutons and often form the cores of many of Earth s major mountain chains.
56 Section 18.3 Study Guide Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Lesson 2b Volcanic Activity EEn and Section 18.3 Main Ideas Lava flows onto Earth s surface through a vent. Over time, multiple lava flows may accumulate to form a volcano. A crater is a depression that forms around the vent at the summit of a volcano. A caldera is a large crater that forms when a volcano collapses during or after an eruption. There are three types of volcanoes: shield volcanoes, cinder-cone volcanoes, and composite volcanoes. Rock fragments ejected during eruptions are called tephra.
57 Section 18.3 Study Guide Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Lesson 2b Volcanic Activity EEn and Section 18.3 Main Ideas Most volcanoes form along convergent and divergent plate boundaries. Volcanoes also form over hot spots, which are unusually hot areas in the mantle that are stationary for long periods of time. Flood basalts form when lava flows from fissures to form flat plains or plateaus.
Magma. Objectives. Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Vocabulary.
Magma Objectives Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Vocabulary viscosity Magma Magma The ash that spews from some volcanoes can form
More informationMagma. Objectives. Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Vocabulary.
Magma Objectives Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Vocabulary viscosity Magma Magma The ash that spews from some volcanoes can form
More informationGoal 2.1 Forces in the Lithosphere. Volcanic Activity
Goal 2.1 Forces in the Lithosphere Volcanic Activity Lesson 3 Volcanoes, Part 1 Think About It What happens when you shake a can of soda and then open it? Focus Question How does the composition of magma
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 10 Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity 10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions Factors Affecting Eruptions Factors that determine the violence of an eruption
More informationChapter 18 - Volcanic Activity. Aka Volcano Under the City
Chapter 18 - Volcanic Activity Aka Volcano Under the City 18.1 Magma Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Temperature and pressure increase
More informationVolcano: a weak spot in the crust where molten material or magma comes to the surface
Chapter 7 Volcano: a weak spot in the crust where molten material or magma comes to the surface Magma: a molten mixture of rock forming substances, gases and H 2 O from the mantle Volcanic Belts: Form
More informationFoundations of Earth Science, 6e Lutgens, Tarbuck, & Tasa
Foundations of Earth Science, 6e Lutgens, Tarbuck, & Tasa Fires Within: Igneous Activity Foundations, 6e - Chapter 7 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College The nature of volcanic eruptions Characteristics
More informationStudy guide chapter 9
Study guide chapter 9 1. What are the three ways solid mantle material can change phase to a liquid? Associate a boundary/hot spot to each way mantle material changes phase. 1. A decrease in pressure which
More informationEarth has more than 600 active volcanoes. An active volcano is one that has erupted within recorded history.
Volcanoes A volcano is an opening in Earth s surface that erupts gases, ash, and lava. These materials pile up in layers around the opening, forming volcanic mountains. Earth has more than 600 active volcanoes.
More informationGEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 12
UNDERSTANDING EARTH, SIXTH EDITION GROTZINGER JORDAN GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 12 Volcanoes 2010 W.H. Freeman and Company Plate tectonics explains the global pattern of volcanism. Key Figure 12.20 (page
More informationWHAT IS A MAGMA. Magma is a mixture of molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth.
UNIT - 8 VOLCANOES WHAT IS A MAGMA Magma is a mixture of molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth. In some instances, it solidifies within the crust to form plutonic
More informationChapter 7: Volcanoes 8/18/2014. Section 1 (Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics) 8 th Grade. Ring of Fire
Section 1 (Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics) Chapter 7: Volcanoes 8 th Grade Ring of Fire a major belt of es that rims the Pacific Ocean Volcanic belts form along the boundaries of Earth s plates as they
More informationVolcanoes. Volcanic eruptions can be more powerful than the explosion of an atomic bomb.
Ch. 13 Volcanoes Volcanoes Volcanic eruptions can be more powerful than the explosion of an atomic bomb. Many of these eruptions are caused by the movement of tectonic plates. Volcanism Volcanism-any activity
More informationOverview of Ch. 4. I. The nature of volcanic eruptions 9/19/2011. Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity Chapter 4 or 5
Overview of Ch. 4 Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity Chapter 4 or 5 I. Nature of Volcanic Eruptions II. Materials Extruded from a Volcano III.Types of Volcanoes IV.Volcanic Landforms V. Plutonic (intrusive)
More informationMultiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
volcano sample test Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Volcanic belts form along a. islands in the Pacific Ocean. b. North American
More informationMagma vs. Lava. Molten rock below Earth s surface is called magma. The magma that reaches the surface and erupts out of a volcano is called lava.
CH. 10.1 Be able to Explain the factors that determine the type of volcanic eruption. List the 3 types of volcanoes Describe the features of a volcano. What is a Volcano? Volcanoes are sites where molten
More informationThe Nature of Igneous Rocks
The Nature of Igneous Rocks Form from Magma Hot, partially molten mixture of solid liquid and gas Mineral crystals form in the magma making a crystal slush Gases - H 2 O, CO 2, etc. - are dissolved in
More informationEffects of Eruptions. Most active in the world Kilauea, Hawaii.
Inside of Old Smokey, All covered with snow, Lurk tons of hot magma, Getting ready to blow, Objectives: From deep in the chamber, Describe how volcanoes can affect people. Up a vent to the top, Describe
More informationDirected Reading. Section: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics 1. Some volcanic eruptions can be more powerful than a(n) a. hand grenade. b. earthquake. c. geyser. d. atomic bomb. 2. The cause
More informationObjectives: Describe how volcanoes can affect people. Describe conditions that cause volcanoes. Describe the relationship between volcanoes and Earth
Objectives: Describe how volcanoes can affect people. Describe conditions that cause volcanoes. Describe the relationship between volcanoes and Earth s moving plates. Inside of Old Smokey, All covered
More informationWhen Mount St. Helens erupted, trapped gases caused the north side of the mountain to explode. Volcanic ash was ejected high into the atmosphere.
When Mount St. Helens erupted, trapped gases caused the north side of the mountain to explode. Volcanic ash was ejected high into the atmosphere. A volcano is a mountain that forms when magma reaches the
More informationVisualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. Volcanoes and Eruption Types. By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner. Chapter 9 Volcanism and Other
Visualizing Earth Science By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner Chapter 9 Volcanism and Other Igneous Processes Volcanoes types and effects of eruption Chapter Overview Melting and cooling of rocks Geological
More information180 points. 1. Lava erupts through an opening in Earth s crust called a. 2. A bowl-shaped depression that forms around the vent of a volcano is a
CHAPTER 18 Volcanism SECTION 18.1 Volcanoes In your textbook, read about the anatomy of a volcano and volcanic material. Completes each statement or answer the question. 25 points 180 points volcano. In
More informationUnit 4 Lesson 4 Volcanoes. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Magma Magic What is a volcano? A volcano is any place where gas, ash, or melted rock come out of the ground. Many volcanoes are dormant, meaning an eruption has not occurred in a long period of time. What
More informationA Volcano is An opening in Earth s crust through
Volcanoes A Volcano is An opening in Earth s crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt. Also, the landform that develops around this opening. Kinds of Eruptions Geologists classify volcanic
More informationThe locations of volcanoes are mostly determined by plate tectonics. convergent: tending to move toward one point or to approach each other
Ch. 22.6 Volcanoes The locations of volcanoes are mostly determined by plate tectonics. Review Vocabulary convergent: tending to move toward one point or to approach each other IntroVolcanoes348 I. Zones
More information! Profile of Mauna Loa in Hawaii. Mauna Loa is one of five huge shield volcanoes that make up the island of Hawaii.
- Shield Volcanoes - Low, rounded profiles; slope angles 2-10 ; composed of numerous flows of mafic composition and little explosive activity - Largest of all volcanoes! Shield volcanoes consist of numerous
More informationGEOL1 Physical Geology Laboratory Manual College of the Redwoods Lesson Five: Volcanoes Background Reading: Volcanoes Volcanic Terms: Silca:
Name: Date: GEOL1 Physical Geology Laboratory Manual College of the Redwoods Lesson Five: Volcanoes Background Reading: Volcanoes Volcanic Terms: Silca: SiO 2 silicon dioxide. This is quartz when it crystallizes.
More informationEngineering Geology ECIV 2204
Engineering Geology ECIV 2204 2017-2016 Chapter (4) Volcanoes Chapter 4: Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity cataclysmic relating to or denoting a violent natural even Eventually the entire
More informationImagine the first rock and the cycles that it has been through.
A rock is a naturally formed, consolidated material usually composed of grains of one or more minerals The rock cycle shows how one type of rocky material gets transformed into another The Rock Cycle Representation
More informationTheory of Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics Theory of Plate Tectonics Lithosphere is made of sections called plates that move around called continental drift Plates move because they float on the asthenosphere Most plates consist
More informationUGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards
UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards Session 5 Magma and Volcanism Lecturer: Dr. Patrick Asamoah Sakyi Department of Earth Science, UG Contact Information: pasakyi@ug.edu.gh College
More informationVolcano. Magma. Lava. weak spot in crust where magma and gases come up. molten mixture of rockforming
Volcanoes Volcano weak spot in crust where magma and gases come up Magma Lava molten mixture of rockforming substance, gases, water from the mantle Magma that flows onto earth surface forms solid rock
More informationPart A GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET VOLCANOES. Name
GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET VOLCANOES Name Part A 1. The rough, jumbled blocky or jagged surface of a lava flow is called a. pahoehoe b. lahar c. aa d. phreatic 2. The Cascade volcanoes like Mt. St.
More informationVolcano - A Volcano is an opening in the Earth s surface through which molten material or volcanic gases are erupted.
What is a Volcano? Volcano - A Volcano is an opening in the Earth s surface through which molten material or volcanic gases are erupted. A volcano can either be a classic volcanic cone.. Mt. St. Helens,
More informationDirected Reading. Section: Volcanic Eruptions. light in color is called a. felsic. b. oceanic. c. mantle. d. mafic. dark in color is called
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Volcanic Eruptions 1. Lava provides an opportunity for scientists to study a. the nature of Earth s inner core. b. the nature of Earth s tectonic plates. c. temperatures
More informationStructure of the Earth
Structure of the Earth Compositional (Chemical) Layers Crust: Low density Moho: Density boundary between crust and mantle Mantle: Higher density High in Magnesium (Mg) and Iron (Fe) Core: High in Nickel
More informationIntroduction to Earth s s Spheres The Benchmark
Introduction to Earth s s Spheres The Benchmark Volcanism Volcanic eruptions Effusive: lavas (e.g., Kilauea) Volcanism Volcanic eruptions Explosive: pyroclastic rocks (e.g., Krakatau) Factors Governing
More informationGeology of the Hawaiian Islands
Geology of the Hawaiian Islands Class 4 22 January 2004 Turn in Homework #1 Any Questions? IMPORTANT Big Island Field Trip We need a $162 payment for airfare BEFORE January 29 th Description of logistics,
More informationVolcanoes. Presented by Kesler Science
Presented by Kesler Science Essential Questions: 1. What are the parts of a volcano? 2. What are the four types? 3. What processes form volcanoes? 4. Where are volcanoes located on earth? What is a Volcano?
More information3/24/2016. Geology 12 Mr. M. Gauthier 24 March 2016
Geology 12 Mr. M. Gauthier 24 March 2016 Introduction: Mt. St. Helens Before 1980 Mt. St Helens, in Southern Washington State, had not erupted since 1857 On March 27,1980 minor ashand eruptions were due
More informationVolcanoes. Table of Contents Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic Landforms
Volcanoes Table of Contents Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic Landforms What is a volcano? cone Conduit Or Pipe vent Side vent Central vent Crater A volcano is a vent or 'chimney'
More informationChapter 10: Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity Section 1: The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions I. Factors Affecting Eruptions Group # Main Idea:
Chapter 10: Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity Section 1: The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions I. Factors Affecting Eruptions Group # A. Viscosity Group # B. Dissolved Gases Group # II. Volcanic Material
More informationSection 10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions This section discusses volcanic eruptions, types of volcanoes, and other volcanic landforms.
Chapter 10 Section 10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions This section discusses volcanic eruptions, types of volcanoes, and other volcanic landforms. Reading Strategy Previewing Before you read the section,
More informationIgneous Rocks. Magma molten rock material consisting of liquid rock and crystals. A variety exists, but here are the end members:
Igneous Rocks Magma molten rock material consisting of liquid rock and crystals. A variety exists, but here are the end members: Types of Magma Basaltic, Basic or Mafic very hot (900-1200 C) very fluid
More information3.2 Notes: Volcanoes Form as Molten Rock Erupts
3.2 Notes: Volcanoes Form as Molten Rock Erupts Think about What happens when a volcano erupts? Volcanoes erupt many types of material Earth s thin outer layer is, but most of Earth is extremely hot rock
More informationA. What is a volcano?
VOLCANISM THE ROCK CYCLE I. Introduction From: Roman god of fire, Vulcan A. What is a volcano? A conical mountain formed around a vent where lava, pyroclastic materials, and gases are erupted. I. Introduction
More informationTypes of Volcanoes KEY CONCEPT: TECTONIC PLATE MOTIONS CAN RESULT IN VOLCANIC ACTIVITY AT PLATE BOUNDARIES.
Types of Volcanoes KEY CONCEPT: TECTONIC PLATE MOTIONS CAN RESULT IN VOLCANIC ACTIVITY AT PLATE BOUNDARIES. Volcanoes How do volcanoes work? How do volcanoes work? Magma is forced onto Earth s surface.
More informationChapter 4 Rocks & Igneous Rocks
Chapter 4 Rocks & Igneous Rocks Rock Definition A naturally occurring consolidated mixture of one or more minerals e.g, marble, granite, sandstone, limestone Rock Definition Must naturally occur in nature,
More informationVolcano Vocabulary ROCK CYCLE. Igneous REMELTED REMELTED BURIED BURIED HEAT ERODED DEPOSITED. Metamorphic Sedimentary ERODED, TRANSPORTED DEPOSITED
Volcano Vocabulary VOLCANISM VENT CRATER CALDERA QUIET ERUPTION EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION PYROCLASTIC DEBRIS CINDER CONE SHIELD VOLCANO COMPOSITE VOLCANO STRATO VOLCANO ACTIVE DORMANT EXTINCT INTRUSION DIKE SILL
More informationA bowl shaped depression formed by the collapse of a volcano is called a. Magma that has left the vent of a volcano is known as. Lava.
Magma that has left the vent of a volcano is known as Lava A bowl shaped depression formed by the collapse of a volcano is called a Caldera This can form in a caldera when magma starts to come back up
More informationApr 20 2:26 PM. the opening in Earth's crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt. the landform that develops around this opening
Volcanoes Cleveland Volcano, Alaska, May 2006 Taken from the ISS Apr 20 2:26 PM The term volcano can refer to two things: 1. the opening in Earth's crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt
More informationVolcanology. The study of volcanoes
Volcanology The study of volcanoes Magma forms wherever temperature and pressure are high enough to melt rock. Some magma forms at the aesthenosphere Magma also forms at plate boundaries, where intense
More informationPhysical Geology, 15/e
Lecture Outlines Physical Geology, 15/e Plummer, Carlson & Hammersley Copyright McGraw-Hill Education, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Volcanism and Extrusive Rocks Physical Geology
More informationFOUNDATIONS OF GEOLOGY CHAPTER 2
FOUNDATIONS OF GEOLOGY CHAPTER 2 2.3A- VOLCANOES Volcanoes all share common characteristics. Vent- a central channel through which gases, ash and rock are ejected. Magma- molten rock which lies several
More informationVolcanic Activity. To learn more about volcanic activity, visit the Earth Science Web Site at earthgeu.com Kilauea, Hawaii
18 What You ll Learn How magma forms. What kinds of features form as the result of igneous activity within Earth. How volcanoes form and how they can be classified. Volcanic Activity Why It s Important
More informationVulcanicity. Objectives to identify the basic structure of volcanoes and understand how they form.
Vulcanicity Objectives to identify the basic structure of volcanoes and understand how they form. Some key terms to start.. Viscosity how well a substance (lava) flows. Acid lavas have a high viscosity,
More informationChapter 18. Volcanism
Chapter 18 Volcanism Ring of fire contains 66% of world s active volcanoes Convergent : Divergent: Icelandic Eruption Mount Etna Different Kinds of eruptions: Volcanic activity is controlled by plate tectonics,
More informationConstructive & Destructive Forces
Constructive & Destructive Forces Intro: Constructive Forces Processes that create landforms. Destructive Forces Processes that destroy landforms. Intro: Constructive Forces Volcanoes Deposition Landslides
More informationChapter 11 Section 2 VOLCANOES TB 337
Chapter 11 Section 2 VOLCANOES TB 337 http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/volcanoes/ I. How do volcanoes form? Rising Magma leads to eruptions. Magma (solids and gases) are spewed out to form cone-shape
More informationChapter: Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Table of Contents Chapter: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Section 1: Earthquakes Section 2: Volcanoes Section 3: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics 1 Earthquakes What causes earthquakes? Elastic Rebound
More informationDirected Reading. Section: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics 1. What can cause some of the most dramatic changes to Earth s surface? a. solar activity b. tides c. geysers d. volcanic eruptions
More informationChapter 5 9/10/2011. Introduction. Volcanoes and Volcanism. Volcanism. Introduction. Introduction. Introduction
Introduction Chapter 5 Volcanism is the eruption of magma, and associated gases at the surface. Some magma erupts explosively as pyroclastic (fire-broken) rock and other erupts as lava flows. Volcanoes
More informationUNIT SIX: Earth s Structure. Chapter 18 Earth s History and Rocks Chapter 19 Changing Earth Chapter 20 Earthquakes and Volcanoes
UNIT SIX: Earth s Structure Chapter 18 Earth s History and Rocks Chapter 19 Changing Earth Chapter 20 Earthquakes and Volcanoes Chapter Twenty: Earthquakes and Volcanoes 20.1 Earthquakes 20.2 Volcanoes
More informationGLY 155 Introduction to Physical Geology, W. Altermann. Grotzinger Jordan. Understanding Earth. Sixth Edition
Grotzinger Jordan Understanding Earth Sixth Edition Chapter 4: IGNEOUS ROCKS Solids from Melts 2011 by W. H. Freeman and Company Chapter 4: Igneous Rocks: Solids from Melts 1 About Igneous Rocks Igneous
More informationFolding. Faulting. Volcanoes
Folding Faulting Volcanoes Most major global mountain ranges were formed by the collision of continental (tectonic) plates Fold mountains are actually formed by crust which have been uplifted and folded
More information1 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
CHAPTER 13 SECTION Volcanoes 1 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What three conditions can cause magma to form? What is volcanism? What are
More informationEarth s Changing Surface
Earth s Changing Surface Earthquakes and Volcanoes Key Concepts What causes earthquakes? What causes volcanoes to form? How do earthquakes and volcanoes change Earth s surface? What do you think? Read
More informationVolcano an opening in Earth s crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt and the landform that develops around this opening.
Chapter 9 Volcano an opening in Earth s crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt and the landform that develops around this opening. 3 Conditions Allow Magma to Form: Decrease in pressure
More informationCritical Thinking 1. Contrast How could you tell the difference between a mafic rock and a felsic rock by looking at them?
CHAPTER 13 2 SECTION Volcanoes Volcanic Eruptions KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: How does the composition of magma affect volcanic eruptions and lava flow? What are the
More informationIntroduction to volcanoes. Volcano: an opening in the earth s surface through which lava, hot gases, and rock fragments erupt
Introduction to volcanoes Volcano: an opening in the earth s surface through which lava, hot gases, and rock fragments erupt Origin of Volcanoes 1. Magma 50-100 miles below the earth s surface slowly begins
More informationDynamic Planet PUT ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEET. c) low temperature d) high volatile content
School Name: Team #: Students Names: Dynamic Planet 2016 Science Olympiad Invitational University of Texas at Austin PUT ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEET 1) Low viscosity magmas have: a) high silica
More informationIgneous Rocks. Igneous Rocks. Genetic Classification of
Igneous Rocks Fig. 5.1 Genetic Classification of Igneous Rocks Intrusive: crystallized from slowly cooling magma intruded within the Earth s crust; e.g. granite, gabbro 1 Fig. 5.2 Genetic Classification
More informationPlate Tectonics Lab II: Background Information
Plate Tectonics Lab II: Background Information This lab is based on a UW ESS101 Lab. Note: Hand in only the Answer Sheet at the back of this guide to your Instructor Introduction One of the more fundamental
More information1. minerals - A naturally occurring substance that takes a solid Crystal form and is made of only a single (one) type of compound
Science Name: Mr. G/Mrs. Kelly KEY Date: Study Guide - Lessons 5 and 6 Test Define the following terms: 1. minerals - A naturally occurring substance that takes a solid Crystal form and is made of only
More informationEarthquakes and Volcanoes
Earthquakes and Volcanoes Volcanoes What do you think? Read the three statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement
More informationEarth Science Lesson Plan Quarter 3, Week 3, Day 1
Earth Science Lesson Plan Quarter 3, Week 3, Day 1 Outcomes for Today Standard Focus: Earth Sciences 3.e students know there are two kinds of volcanoes: one kind with violent eruptions producing steep
More informationNC Earth Science Essential Standards
NC Earth Science Essential Standards EEn. 2.1 Explain how processes and forces affect the Lithosphere. EEn. 2.1.1 Explain how the rock cycle, plate tectonics, volcanoes, and earthquakes impact the Lithosphere.
More informationLecture 6 - Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes
Lecture 6 - Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes Learning objectives Understand and be able to predict where and why magma will be forming at different tectonic settings Understand the factors controlling magma
More informationCh12&13 Test. 3. Where does the first motion of an earthquake occur? a. fault c. epicenter b. focus d. locus
Ch12&13 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What is the epicenter of an earthquake? a. the location along a fault where the first motion
More informationTypes of Volcanoes. Key Concept: Tectonic plate motions can result in volcanic activity at plate boundaries.
Types of Volcanoes Key Concept: Tectonic plate motions can result in volcanic activity at plate boundaries. Volcanoes How do volcanoes work? How do volcanoes work? Magma is forced onto Earth s surface.
More informationGeology 1 st Semester Exam YSBAT
1. What is the role of a geologist? Geology 1 st Semester Exam YSBAT 2016-2017 2. Earth is subdivided into three main layers based on what? 3. What features do you find at divergent boundaries? 4. Rock
More informationPlate Tectonics. Chapter 8
Plate Tectonics Chapter 8 Vocabulary Crust Mantle Core Lithosphere Continental Drift Plate Tectonics Plate Boundary Fault What Are The Earth s Layers Made Of? Atmosphere: Contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon
More informationSection 1: Earth s Interior and Plate Tectonics Section 2: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Section 3: Minerals and Rocks Section 4: Weathering and Erosion
Section 1: Earth s Interior and Plate Tectonics Section 2: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Section 3: Minerals and Rocks Section 4: Weathering and Erosion Key Terms Crust Mantle Core Lithosphere Plate Tectonics
More informationStudy Guide: Unit 3. Density and Pressure: You should be able to answer the types of questions given in the end of module questions.
IDS 102 Study Guide: Unit 3 The purpose of this study guide is to help you prepare for the third exam by focusing your studying and providing example essay questions. In the Focus On section you will find
More informationTAKE HOME EXAM 8R - Geology
Name Period Date TAKE HOME EXAM 8R - Geology PART 1 - Multiple Choice 1. A volcanic cone made up of alternating layers of lava and rock particles is a cone. a. cinder b. lava c. shield d. composite 2.
More informationEarth Systems, Structures and Processes
Earth Systems, Structures and Processes Date: 6.E.2 Understand the structure of the earth and how interactions of constructive and destructive forces have resulted in changes in the surface of the Earth
More informationPlate Tectonics. entirely rock both and rock
Plate Tectonics I. Tectonics A. Tectonic Forces are forces generated from within Earth causing rock to become. B. 1. The study of the origin and arrangement of Earth surface including mountain belts, continents,
More informationGet Ready for an ERUPTION!!!
Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! Three Types of Volcanos Shield Cinder Cone Composite Shield Volcano Created by hot spots Gently sloping Cinder Volcano Steep Cone-shaped hill/ mountain Composite Volcano Tall,
More informationGet Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOES
Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOES VOLCANOS Three Types of Volcanos Shield Cinder Cone Composite LAND FORMATIONS FROM LAVA & ASH Shield Volcano Created by hot spots Gently sloping Cinder Volcano Steep
More informationESC1000 Earth Science Summer 2016
ESC1000 Earth Science Summer 2016 As a scientifically literate citizen, what 3 questions would you ask about this volcano if you moved to the city in the foreground (Tacoma, Washington)? Volcanoes (Chapter
More information1/31/2013 BASALTIC BASALTIC ANDESITIC RHYOLITIC
Can you predict the location of volcanoes? What is causing this eruption? What factors influence its character? A volcano is any landform from which lava, gas, or ashes, escape from underground or have
More informationErrata for Earth Science: God s World, Our Home
Errata for Earth Science: God s World, Our Home Page 1 Updated December 21, 2017 Chapter 1, Learning Check 1.5 2. The answer key on the Resource CD repeats question 1 but gives the correct answer for question
More informationEarth s Structure. Earth has 4 layers. The inner core, outer core, mantle and crust. How do we know???
Earth s Structure Earth has 4 layers. The inner core, outer core, mantle and crust. How do we know??? Adaptive Curriculum Determining Planet Layers from Seismic Waves Earth s Structure Scientists use earthquake
More informationMagma Formation and Behavior
Magma Formation and Behavior Introduction: The study of body waves as they pass through Earth's interior provides strong evidence that the Earth's mantle is composed almost entirely of solid ultramafic
More informationEarthquakes & Volcanoes
Earthquakes & Volcanoes Geology - the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change geo = Earth; ology = study of Earth s Layers Plate Tectonics - the
More informationEARTH SCIENCE KESSEL
EARTH SCIENCE KESSEL Bell Ringer List everything you KNOW about a volcano (at least 3 things). Then list everything you WANT to know about volcanoes (at least 2 things). Bell Ringer What evidence might
More informationEarth s Interior HW Packet HW #1 Plate Tectonics (pages )
Name Earth s Interior HW Packet HW #1 Plate Tectonics (pages 676 683) 1. Is the following sentence true or false? According to the theory of plate tectonics, Earth s plates move about quickly on top of
More informationVolcanoes. Environmental Geology, Mr. Paul Lowrey Stacey Singleton, Cassandra Combs, Dwight Stephenson, Matt Smithyman
Volcanoes Environmental Geology, Mr. Paul Lowrey Stacey Singleton, Cassandra Combs, Dwight Stephenson, Matt Smithyman EMPACTS Project, Spring 2017 Northwest Arkansas Community College, Bentonville, AR
More informationVolcanic Landforms, Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
Page 1 of 12 EENS 3050 Tulane University Natural Disasters Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Volcanic Landforms, Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics This page last updated on 26-Aug-2017 Volcanic Landforms Volcanic landforms
More information