Chapter 2, Section 1 Planet Earth

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1 Chapter 2, Section 1 Planet Earth (Pages 33 36) Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read: Where is Earth located in our solar system? How is Earth shaped? What is Earth s structure? What types of landforms are found on Earth? As you read pages in your textbook, complete this graphic organizer by describing the four components of Earth. Component Description Hydrosphere Lithosphere Atmosphere Biosphere 12 Chapter 2, Section 1

2 Our Solar System (pages 33 35) Scan the section before you begin to read. As you glance quickly over the lines of text, look for key words or phrases that will tell you what the text will cover. Write the key words or phrases. Then use the key words and phrases to write a statement explaining the lesson content. Revise your statement when you are finished reading the section. Key words or phrases What the section is about Define the following academic vocabulary words from this lesson. create sphere Use the following term that you studied earlier in a sentence that reflects the term s meaning. physical (Chapter 1, Section 1) Chapter 2, Section 1 13

3 Getting to Know Earth (pages 35 36) As you read the lesson, write down questions you have about what you read. When you have finished reading the lesson, answer your questions. Write the letter of the correct definition in Group B next to the correct term from this lesson in Group A. One definition will not be used. Group A Group A 1. hydrosphere 2. lithosphere 3. atmosphere 4. bioshpere 5. continental shelf a. the part of the earth that supports life b. seven large landmasses c. a layer of gases extending thousands of miles above Earth d. the part of the continent that extends underwater e. the part of the earth made up of bodies of water f. the part of the earth made up of land Fill in the blank with the correct place from this lesson. Dead Sea Asia North America Mount Everest Australia Europe Mariana Trench Antarctica South America Africa 1. Two continents that stand alone are and. 2. and are actually parts of one large landmass called Eurasia. 14 Chapter 2, Section 1

4 3. The Isthmus of Panama links the continents of and. 4. At the Sinai Peninsula, the human-made Suez Canal separates and. 5. The highest point on Earth is in South Asia at the top of. 6. The lowest dry land point is the shore of the in Southwest Asia. 7. Earth s lowest known depression lies under the Pacific Ocean southwest of Guam in the long, underwater canyon called the. Define the following academic vocabulary words from this lesson. percent area globe (Chapter 1, Section 1) Use the following terms that you studied earlier in a sentence that reflects the term s meaning. feature (Chapter 1, Section 1) Chapter 2, Section 1 15

5 Now that you have read the section, write the answers to the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for Reading at the beginning of the lesson. Where is Earth located in our solar system? How is Earth shaped? What types of landforms are found on Earth? What is Earth s structure? 16 Chapter 2, Section 1

6 Chapter 2, Section 2 Forces of Change (Pages 37 43) Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read: How do Earth s layers contribute to the planet s physical characteristics? How do internal and external forces of change affect Earth s surface differently? What external forces affect Earth s surface? As you read pages in your textbook, complete this graphic organizer by using the major headings of the section to create an outline similar to the one below. Forces of Change I. Earth s Structure A. B. II. Internal Forces of Change A. B. C. D. III. External Forces of Change A. B. C. D. Chapter 2, Section 2 17

7 Earth s Structure (pages 37 39) As you read this section, write down terms or concepts you find confusing. Reread the section to clarify the confusing terms and concepts. Write an explanation of the terms and concepts. Define the following key terms from this lesson. magma mantle plate tectonics continental drift occur Circle the letter of the word that has the closest meaning to the underlined word from this lesson. 1. Some forces that change the earth, such as wind, occur on the earth s surface. a. develop b. happen c. begin elements 2. Some of the elements that make up the outer core of Earth include silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, and oxygen. a. models b. landforms c. substances 18 Chapter 2, Section 2

8 Internal Forces of Change (pages 39 41) As you read this section, think about what grabs your attention as you read. Write down facts you find interesting or surprising in the lesson. Write the letter of the correct definition in Group B next to the correct term in Group A. One definition will not be used. Group A Group B San Andreas Fault 1. subduction 2. accretion 3. spreading 4. folds 5. faults a. cracks in the earth s crust b. a process in which a heavier sea plate dives beneath a lighter continental plate c. sudden, violent movements of plates along a fault line d. a process in which pieces of the earth s crust come together slowly as the sea plate slides under the continental plate e. bends in layers of rock f. a process in which sea plates pull apart Explain why each of these places from this lesson is important. Ring of Fire Chapter 2, Section 2 19

9 Define the following academic vocabulary words from this lesson. minor energy Use the following term that you studied earlier in a sentence that reflects the term s meaning. range (Chapter 1, Section 2) External Forces of Change (pages 42 43) Read the title and main headings of the lesson. Write a statement predicting what the lesson will be about and what will be included in the text. As you read, change your prediction if it does not match what you learn. Choose one of the following terms from this lesson to fill in each blank. One term will not be used. weathering erosion loess glaciers moraines 1. China s Yellow River basin is thickly covered with a fertile, yellow-gray soil called. 2. are large piles of rocks and debris left behind when glaciers melted and receded. 3. The process that breaks down rocks on the earth s surface into smaller pieces is called. 20 Chapter 2, Section 2

10 4. The wearing away of the earth s surface by wind, glaciers, and moving water is called. Choose one of these two academic vocabulary terms from this lesson to fill in each blank. expands 1. Water seeps into cracks and when it freezes. altering 2. Glacier movements change the landscape by the directions of rivers. Use the following terms that you studied earlier in a sentence that reflects the term s meaning. locations (Chapter 1, Section 1) Now that you have read the section, write the answers to the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for Reading at the beginning of the lesson. How do Earth s layers contribute to the planet s physical characteristics? How do internal and external forces of change affect Earth s surface differently? What external forces affect Earth s surface? Chapter 2, Section 2 21

11 Chapter 2, Section 3 Earth s Water (Pages 46 49) Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read: How does the amount of water on Earth remain fairly constant? How is the water that makes up 70 percent of the Earth s surface distributed? Why is freshwater important to humans? As you read pages in your textbook, complete this graphic organizer by listing the processes that contribute to the water cycle. Water Cycle 22 Chapter 2, Section 3

12 Water Cycle (pages 46 47) 1. As you read, write two questions about the main ideas presented in the text. After you have finished reading, write the answers to these questions. 2. Write the letter of the correct definition in Group B next to the correct term from this lesson in Group A. One definition will not be used. Group A Group B major 1. water cycle 2. evaporation 3. condensation 4. precipitation a. a process in which excess water vapor changes into liquid water b. the regular movement of water from oceans to the air to the ground and finally back to the oceans c. freshwater found in lakes, springs, and rivers d. moisture in the form of rain, snow, or sleet e. the changing of liquid water into vapor or gas Circle the letter of the word that has the closest meaning to the underlined word from this lesson. 1. The major parts of the water cycle are condensation and evaporation. a. main b. short c. common varies 2. The amount of moisture that a place gets varies from season to season. a. falls b. changes c. increases Chapter 2, Section 3 23

13 Use the following term that you studied earlier in a sentence that reflects the term s meaning. hydrosphere (Chapter 2, Section 2) Bodies of Salt Water (pages 47 48) Visualize the information described in this section to help you understand and remember what you have read. First, read the section. Next, ask yourself, What would this look like? Finally, write a description of the pictures you visualized on the lines below. Define or describe the following key term from this lesson. desalination Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Explain why the following places from this lesson are important. Indian Ocean 24 Chapter 2, Section 3

14 Arctic Ocean Define the following vocabulary words from this lesson. identified sources Bodies of Freshwater (pages 48 49) Read the title and quickly look over the lesson to get a general idea of the lesson s content. Then write a sentence or two explaining what the lesson is about. groundwater aquifer Define or describe the following key terms from this lesson. Chapter 2, Section 3 25

15 Circle the letter of the word that has the closest meaning to the underlined word from this lesson. available 1. Since most of Earth s freshwater is frozen in glaciers and ice caps, it is not available for people to drink. a. agreeable b. knowledgeable c. obtainable constant 2. People usually settle in places where there is a constant supply of water. a. regular b. fresh c. large Use the following terms that you studied earlier in a sentence that reflects the term s meaning. regions (Chapter 1, Section 1) place (Chapter 1, Section 1) Now that you have read the section, write the answers to the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for Reading at the beginning of the lesson. How does the amount of water on Earth remain fairly constant? How is the water that makes up 70 percent of Earth s surface distributed? Why is freshwater important to humans? 26 Chapter 2, Section 3

Name Date Class. Use the diagram below to help you take notes as you read the summaries that follow. Think about the features that make up the earth.

Name Date Class. Use the diagram below to help you take notes as you read the summaries that follow. Think about the features that make up the earth. Chapter 2, Section 1 For use with textbook pages 33 36. Planet Earth Terms to Know hydrosphere The part of the earth made up of oceans, lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water (page 35) lithosphere The