8.1b EARTHQUAKES REVIEW

Transcription

1 8.1b EARTHQUAKES REVIEW Directions To prepare for your assessment, review your notes, your student sheets, and the reading selections for Lessons 1 through 8. Then answer these questions: 1 Explain what is meant by the following statement: Earthquakes are destructive and constructive events. Elaborate using examples. 2 What are some of the risks that people take when their homes or bridges are located in areas with loose soil, or when their homes or bridges are not earthquake-resistant?

2 3 Look at the seismogram shown here. Juneau, AK Richmond, VA Honolulu, HI 10:07 10:09 10:11 10:13 Time (hr:min) 10:15 10:17 4 A. What time did the earthquake P-wave reach Richmond? The S-wave? B. Which city is farthest from the earthquake? How do you know? Write the name of the wave shown in each picture. Write P-wave or S-Wave. A. B.

3 5 Write what you know about how each earthquake wave moves (side to side or push and pull) and where each one travels (through the body of the earth or along its surface). A. P-wave B. S-wave C. Surface wave 6 Look at Student Sheet 5.1, on which you plotted volcanoes on a world map. Find one volcano that is located where earthquakes often occur. Write the volcano s longitude and latitude here. A. Longitude B. Latitude 7 8 Where did the volcano in Question 6 happen? (circle one) A. Along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge C. In the middle of a plate B. Along the Ring of Fire (Circum-Pacific Belt) D. Other: Compare and contrast a hot spot with a subduction zone. Talk about what happens in the mantle and to the plates of the crust for each event. 9 Find the Ring of Fire on your map from Student Sheet 5.1. Outline it in yellow or another bright color.

4 10 Complete the T-chart below. Be sure to answer the following questions. What are the three ways one of earth s plates can move with respect to another plate? What are the effects each plate movement can have on the landscape? Give one specific example of each. Direction of Plate Movement Effects on the Landscape 11 Look at the photograph of the San Andreas Fault in the reading selection Earthquakes and Faults in Lesson 7. Answer the following: A. What is happening to the plates along this fault? (Be specific. Tell which direction they are moving.) B. What is happening to the path of Wallace Creek? C. Why do earthquakes occur along a fault, like the San Andreas Fault? (Think about what you did during Inquiry 7.1.)

5 12 Two students were discussing the appearance of the San Andreas Fault with its ridges and cracks. Student A said the surface looks like that because the earth s surface is rigid and breaks easily because rock is brittle. Student B said the reason the surface is wrinkled is because the earth s surface is really more like flexible plastic. Who is correct? Explain your reasoning On a separate sheet of paper, draw a picture of the inside of the earth. Color the drawing. Label the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. Circle or highlight the layers that make up the earth s lithosphere. Explain how scientists know the inside of the earth is made of layers.

6 15 Wegener proposed the hypothesis of continental drift. He assembled several pieces of geological evidence to support his idea. Use the readings and notes from Lesson 6 to write a paragraph about the following: What evidence do scientists have to support the idea that the continents were once one large landmass? Describe at least three pieces of evidence, and give an example of each. 16 Plate tectonics is the modern theory that explains the movements of the earth s crust. Use your science notebook, reading selections from the Exploring Plate Tectonics Student Guide, and information from The Theory of Plate Tectonics CD-ROM to answer the following questions to help explain plate tectonics: What caused the large landmass to separate? Beginning with the core and continuing through the mantle and the crust, describe the processes that work together to cause plate movements.