A physical feature of the Earth s surface

Transcription

1 Earth s Landforms

2 A physical feature of the Earth s surface

3 A physical feature of the Earth s surface LANDFORM

4 Highest of Earth s physical features

5 Highest of Earth s physical features MOUNTAIN

6 Low area between mountains or hills

7 Low area between mountains or hills VALLEY

8 Wide flat areas of land

9 Wide flat areas of land PLAINS

10 Large flat area higher than the land around it

11 Large flat area higher than the land around it PLATEAU

12 Earth s largest bodies of saltwater

13 Earth s largest bodies of saltwater OCEAN

14 Natural streams of flowing water that empty into lakes, oceans

15 Natural streams of flowing water that empty into lakes, oceans RIVERS

16 Body of water with land all around it

17 Body of water with land all around it LAKE

18 Large underwater area between continents

19 Large underwater area between continents OCEAN BASIN

20 Gently sloping part of the ocean floor along the coast

21 Gently sloping part of the ocean floor along the coast CONTINENTAL SHELF

22 The sharp drop from the continental shelf to the continental rise

23 Sharp drop from the continental shelf to the continental rise CONTINENTAL SLOPE

24 Wide flat area covering about 40% of the ocean floor

25 Wide flat area covering about 40% of the ocean floor ABYSSAL PLAIN

26 Takes measurements used to make maps

27 Takes measurements used to make maps SURVEYOR

28 Map where elevations are shown with shading

29 Map where elevations are shown with shading RELIEF

30 Map where elevations are shown using lines

31 Map where elevations are shown using lines CONTOUR

32 Layer of air around the Earth

33 Layer of air around the Earth ATMOSPHERE

34 Earth s waters make up the.

35 Earth s waters make up the HYDROSPHERE

36 Earth is made of 3 layers the the and the.

37 Earth is made of 3 layers the CRUST the MANTLE and the CORE

38 Part of Earth that is home for living things

39 Part of Earth that is home for living things BIOSPHERE

40 The crust and the top of the upper mantle

41 The crust and the top of the upper mantle LITHOSPHERE

42 Plate Tectonics

43 Geologist Alfred Wegener formulated the theory

44 Geologist Alfred Wegener formulated the theory CONTINENTAL DRIFT

45 Wegener s theory stated that Earth s were once joined in one landmass, but drifted apart.

46 Wegener s theory stated that Earth s CONTINENTS were once joined in one landmass, but

47 The age and composition of rocks in the on S. America s east coast matched those on Africa s west coast

48 The age and composition of rocks in the MOUNTAINS on S. America s east coast matched those on Africa s west coast

49 . In Africa and South America were once joined

50 FOSSILS In Africa and South America were once joined

51 model explains how continents have moved over millions of years

52 PLATE TECTONICS model explains how continents have moved over millions of years

53 Earth s lithosphere is made of huge pieces of solid rock called

54 Earth s lithosphere is made of huge pieces of solid rock called PLATES

55 Solid pieces of rock rest on the hot slippery rock of Earth s

56 Solid pieces of rock rest on the hot slippery rock of Earth s ASTHENOSPHERE

57 rises up through the crack where plates move apart under the ocean

58 MAGMA rises up through the crack where plates move apart under the ocean

59 The ocean floor spreads at the plate boundary, the resting on the plates also move apart.

60 The ocean floor spreads at the plate boundary, the CONTINENTS resting on the plates also

61 Hot rocks cool at the surface forming the mid-ocean ridge and the along its top

62 Hot rocks cool at the surface forming the mid-ocean ridge and the RIFT VALLEY along its top

63 When plates push toward each other, a force called. results

64 When plates push toward each other, a force called COMPRESSION results

65 Compression forces the ground upward to form. Mountains.

66 Compression forces the ground upward to form FOLDED Mountains.

67 A mountain range in Asia, the began to form this way, as folded mountains

68 A mountain range in Asia, the HIMALAYAS began to form this way, as folded mountains

69 In places where one plate rubs past another, a tearing force called.. results

70 In places where one plate rubs past another, a tearing force called SHEAR results

71 A shear force can cause blocks of crust to break apart along deep cracks in the crust called

72 A shear force can cause blocks of crust to break apart along deep cracks in the crust called FAULTS

73 When rock on one side of a fault moves down and rock on the other side moves up, a mountain is formed

74 When rock on one side of a fault moves down and rock on the other side moves up, a FAULT BLOCK

75 One example of a fault-block mountain is the..mountain range in California

76 One example of a fault-block mountain is the SIERRA NEVADA mountain range in California

77 Volcanoes

78 Most of Earth s volcanoes are located at edges of..

79 Most of Earth s volcanoes are located at edges of PLATES

80 A string of volcanoes at plate boundaries around the Pacific Ocean

81 A string of volcanoes at plate boundaries around the Pacific Ocean RING OF FIRE

82 Volcanoes often erupt at places where one plate. The other.

83 Volcanoes often erupt at places where one plate DIVES UNDER The other.

84 The bottom edge of the diving plate melts in the heat of the..

85 The bottom edge of the diving plate melts in the heat of the MANTLE

86 Melted rock rises within the crust, forming a hot pool of..

87 Melted rock rises within the crust, forming a hot pool of MAGMA

88 Magma that reaches Earth s surface

89 Magma that reaches Earth s surface LAVA

90 When magma hardens inside Earth s crust, it can form vertical and horizontal.

91 When magma hardens inside Earth s crust, it can form vertical DIKES and horizontal SILLS

92 Magma pushed into a thick sill can form a.

93 Magma pushed into a thick sill can form a LACCOLITH

94 The largest underground magma formations are. Which can form large hills

95 The largest underground magma formations are BATHOLITH Which can form large hills

96

97 A volcano that can erupt

98 A volcano that can erupt ACTIVE

99 When a volcano stays quiet for a time

100 When a volcano stays quiet for a time DORMANT

101 A volcano that no longer erupts

102 A volcano that no longer erupts EXTINCT

103 Hawaiian Islands formed over a stationary pool of magma called

104 Hawaiian Islands formed over a stationary pool of magma called HOT SPOT

105 When mountains grew high enough to break the ocean s surface they became volcanic

106 When mountains grew high enough to break the ocean s surface they became volcanic ISLANDS

107 As the plate moved away from the hot spot, a new. formed

108 As the plate moved away from the hot spot, a new ISLAND formed

109 Where two ocean plates meet and one is pushed uner, an island may form

110 Where two ocean plates meet and one is pushed uner, an island ARC may form

111 Magma from edge of the lower plate rises and builds volcanic islands along the plate

112 Magma from edge of the lower plate rises and builds volcanic islands along the plate BOUNDARY

113 An example of an island arc is the.. In Alaska

114 An example of an island arc is the ALEUTIAN ISLANDS In Alaska

115 Earthquakes

116 Earthquakes happen when the layers of rock on both sides of a suddenly slip

117 Earthquakes happen when the layers of rock on both sides of a FAULT suddenly slip

118 Waves of energy spread out from the the place where the slipping began

119 Waves of energy spread out from the FOCUS the place where the slipping began

120 Waves spread out from the of the earthquake, the point directly above the focus

121 Waves spread out from the EPICENTER of the earthquake, the point directly above the focus

122 Most earthquakes happen at faults that are near the boundaries of..

123 Most earthquakes happen at faults that are near the boundaries of TECTONIC PLATES

124 Scientists use to detect and measure earthquake waves.

125 Scientists use SEISMOMETER to detect and measure earthquake waves.

126 The fastest earthquake waves that pass through solids and liquids

127 The fastest earthquake waves that pass through solids and liquids PRIMARY

128 Slower earthquake waves that move through only solid layers

129 Slower earthquake waves that move through only solid layers SECONDARY

130 Slowest moving earthquake waves, move across surface, cause the most damage

131 Slowest moving earthquake waves, move across surface, cause the most damage SURFACE

132 Magnitude measures the amount of. An earthquake releases

133 Magnitude measures the amount of ENERGY An earthquake releases

134 Scientists use the. Scale to measure the magnitude of an earthquake

135 Scientists use the RICHTER Scale to measure the magnitude of an earthquake

136 Scientists use the. Scale to measure an earthquake s effects.

137 Scientists use the MERCALLI Scale to measure an earthquake s effects.

138 An underwater earthquake can produce a large wave called a

139 An underwater earthquake can produce a large wave called a TSUNAMI

140 Underwater earthquakes with a magnitude of. or greater are most likely to cause Tsunamis

141 Underwater earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.5 or greater are most likely to cause Tsunamis

142 Layers of rubber and steel between a building and its foundation allow to reducing earthquake damage

143 Layers of rubber and steel between a building and its foundation allow to SWAY reducing earthquake damage

144 Before an earthquake,. Objects to prevent them from falling and causing injury

145 Before an earthquake, SECURE Objects to prevent them from falling and causing injury

146 Shaping Earth s Surface

147 Process that breaks down rock into small pieces

148 Process that breaks down rock into small pieces WEATHERING

149 Temperature changes, ice expanding in cracks, and impacts are examples of.

150 Temperature changes, ice expanding in cracks, and impacts are examples of PHYSICAL WEATHERING

151 Acid rain, oxidation, hydrolysis are examples of...

152 Acid rain, oxidation, hydrolysis are examples of CHEMICAL WEATHERING

153 Pieces of weathered rock are moved from place to place by

154 Pieces of weathered rock are moved from place to place by EROSION

155 Loose rock and soil moving downhill

156 Loose rock and soil moving downhill LANDSLIDE

157 A Large mass of flowing ice that erodes the rock and soil beneath it

158 A Large mass of flowing ice that erodes the rock and soil beneath it GLACIER

159 Process of dropping eroded sediment in a new place

160 Process of dropping eroded sediment in a new place DEPOSITION

161 Running water of erodes rock and soil and washes it downstream

162 Running water of RIVERS erodes rock and soil and washes it downstream

163 Slow moving rivers that flow in gentle loops

164 Slow moving rivers that flow in gentle loops MEANDER

165 Waves wash away at the sides of a headland forming an

166 Waves wash away at the sides of a headland forming an ARCH

167 During floods, rivers deposit sediment on. Along their banks.

168 During floods, rivers deposit sediment on FLOODPLAINS Along their banks.

169 Wind deposits sand along the shoreline in hills of sand called.

170 Wind deposits sand along the shoreline in hills of sand called DUNES

171 People build walls called. Along rivers to prevent floods

172 People build walls called LEVEES Along rivers to prevent floods

173 To slow erosion,. Can be built in the water along the beach

174 To slow erosion, BARRICADES Can be built in the water along the beach

175 ƪ( )ʃ

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