GEOGRAPHY OF CANADA 1. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

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1 GEOGRAPHY OF CANADA 1. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 1.1. CANADIAN SHIELD 1.2. VOLCANOES 1.3. WESTERN CORDILLERA 1.4. CANADIAN ARCTIC 1.5. CANADIAN INTERIOR PLAINS 1.6. GREAT LAKES AND ST LAWRENCE LOWLANDS 1.7. APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS 2. HYDROGRAPHY 2.1. OCEANS 2.2. RIVERS 2.3. LITTORAL GEMORPHOLOGY 2.4. SHIP CANAL 3. ENVIRONEMENTS 3.1. CLIMATE MEADOW TUNDRA FORESTS 4. REPARTITION OF THE POPULATION 5. THE SUPERFICY OF CANADA

2 1. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 1.1. Canadian shield The northern parts of Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec, as well as most of Labrador are located on a vast rock base known as the Canadian Shield. A boreal forest covers much of the shield, with a mix of conifers that provide valuable timber ressources. The region is known for its extensive mineral reserves. The shield also encloses an area of wetlands, the Hudson Bay lowlands.

3 1.2. Volcanoes Western Canada has many volcanoes and is part of the system of volcanoes found around the margins of the Pacific Ocean, which is called the Pacific Ring of Fire.

4 1.3. Western Cordillera The Canadian Cordillera, part of the American cordillera, stretches from the Rocky Mountains in the east to the Pacific Ocean. The Canadian Rockies are part of a major continental divide that extends north and south through western North America and western South America.

5 1.4. Canadian Arctic The largest part of the Canadian Arctic is composed of seemingly endless permanent ice fields and tundra in the north.

6 1.5. Canadian Interior Plains The Canadian Prairies are part of a vast sedimentary plain covering much of Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, and southwestern Manitoba, as well as much of the region between the Rocky Mountains and the Great Slave and Great Bear lakes in Northwest Territories.

7 1.6. Great Lakes and St Lawrence Lowlands The southern parts of Quebec and Ontario, in the section of the Great Lakes (bordered entirely by Ontario on the Canadian side) and St. Lawrence basin (often called St. Lawrence Lowlands), is another particularly rich sedimentary plain Appalachian Mountains The Appalachian mountain range extends from Alabama in the southern United States through the Gaspé Peninsula and the Atlantic Provinces, creating rolling hills indented by river valleys. It also runs through parts of southern Quebec. Sam Lili Guillaume

8 2. HYDROGRAPHY 2.1. Oceans The slogan of Canada " a mari usque ad mare " is suited. Three oceans surround Canada. The Atlantic Ocean in the East, the Pacific Ocean on the West as well as the Artic Ocean in the North. The country thus has a very big maritime facade. Sam Lili Canada Guillaume Camille Papy mimi

9 2.2. Rivers Canada possesses several important rivers which areorientated western eastward: Mackenzie river Fraser river Nelson river Saint-Laurent river

10 2.3. Littoral gemorphology Baffin bay Hudson bay Gulf of st laurent The strait of Georgie

11 2.4. Ship canal Un système de canaux et de voies maritimes permettent aux navires de circuler au Canada. la Voie maritime du Saint-Laurent est un cours d'eau profond, long de 3700 km, qui permet aux navires en provenance de l'océan Atlantique d'atteindre la tête des Grands Lacs de l'amérique du Nord au Lac Supérieur. Mais selon la loi, elle ne s'étend que de Montréal au Lac Érié, y compris le Canal Welland qui permet de franchir les Chutes du Niagara.

12 3. ENVIRONEMENTS 3.1. Climate A part (party) of continental Canada and the majority of the Artic archipelago are situated in the polar zone The rest of the country is in the North of the moderate zone. So, the general climatic conditions vary from extreme cold, characteristic of the arctic regions, to moderate temperatures of the more Southern regions.

13 Meadow Lands typically referred to as "prairie" tend to be in North America. The term encompasses much of the area referred to as the Great Plains of the United States and Canada. Sam Lili Guillaume Camille Papy mimi Mamie gigi Mamie jo Eric Isa Tundra The Arctic tundra occupies the Northern parts of canada. Sam Lili

14 Forests The boreal forest occupies 72 % of the forest territory; approximately 15 % of these forests are still virgin ( no ground access). In Canada, only 8 % of the boreal belt is shielded from any exploitation (operation). Sam Lili Guillaume Camille Papy mimi Mamie gigi

15 4. REPARTITION OF THE POULATION Canada is divided into thirteen provinces and territories. According to Statistics Canada, 72.0% of the population is concentrated within 150 kilometres (95 mi) of the nation's southern border with the United States, 70.0% live south of the 49th parallel, and over 60% of the population lives along the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River between Windsor, Ontario and Quebec City. This leaves the vast majority of Canada as a sparsely populated wilderness; Canada's population density is 3.5 people/km² (9.1/mi²), among the lowest in the world. Despite this, 79.7% of Canada's population resides in urban areas, where population densities are increasing. 5. THE SUPERFICIE OF CANADA The Canadian country is the second largest contry after Russia and before China and the United states