Hazard Map Induced by Tsunami - Case Study in Gongliao District
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1 Center for Weather Climate and Disaster Research Hazard Map Induced by Tsunami - Case Study in Gongliao District Yong-Jun Lin 1, Hsiang-Kuan Chang 2, Kuo-Chen Ma 1, Tso-Ren Wu 3, Jihn-Sung Lai 2, Yih-Chi Tan 1, Tsang-Jung Chang 4 1 Center for Weather Climate and Disaster Research, NTU 2 Hydrotech Research Institute, NTU 3 Graduate Institute of hydrological and Oceanic Sciences, NCU 4 Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, NTU
2 1 2 Background Method 3 Hazard 4 Assessment Results 5 Conclusion NTU WCDR 2
3 Background NTU WCDR
4 1 Background The tsunami induced by east Japan Earthquake has inundated to elevation of 40 m and brought huge damages to buildings. Taiwan is located at the junction of the Eurasian plate, the Philippine plate and the Pacific plate. The faults of east of the Ryukyu Subduction and Manila Subduction may lead to largescale undersea earthquake and induce Tsunami. Building toppled by 豪雨 tsunami - 成蘆橋 There were several tsunami events in Taiwan 豪雨 - 大漢橋 School damaged by 311tsunami NTU WCDR 4
5 Location of Taiwan Source: AIR(2009) NTU WCDR 5
6 1 Historical Tsunami (1867) Big Earthquake (Estimated Ritch Scale 7.0) Location: Ji-Long-Tou( 雞籠頭 ) Jin-Bao-Li ( 金包里 ) Surge, land slides, cracks on the ground, house collapses, several hundred people drowned 三芝 金包里 Jin-Bao-Li Epicenter 雞籠頭 Ji-Long-Tou NTU WCDR 6
7 1 Study area-northern Taiwan- Gongliao District Gongliao District NTU WCDR 7
8 Method NTU WCDR
9 2 Flow Chart Tsunami Model: COMCOT Wave Height and Wave Velocity Overland Flow Simulation (SOBEK) Water Depth Water Velocity Raising Rate of Water Surface Tsunami Hazard Map NTU WCDR 9
10 2 Method-Tsunami Model-COMCOT(1/2) Tsunami model: COMCOT (COrnell Multigrid Coupled Tsunami model) Scenario: Yap Trench(T8), the worst case for Gongliao District (Wu, 2011) Parameters: Mw( 地震規模 ): 8.72 Length( 地震破裂長度 ): km Width( 破裂寬度 ):50 km Height( 破裂深度 ):35 km Area( 破裂面積 ):31, km 2 D( 滑移量 ):10.15 m Mo( 地震矩 ):1.35E+22 Nm NTU WCDR 10
11 2 Location of Yap Trench NTU WCDR 11
12 2 Method-T8 Trench Yap NTU WCDR 12
13 2 Method-SOBEK-Inland Overland Flow Hydrology Rainfall-Runoff Hydraulic Channel FLOW 1D Overland flow 2D Full Saint Verant Equation 2D overland flow is used in this study Morphology 1D Water Quality 1D Real Time Control RTC(real time control) NTU WCDR 13
14 Hazard Assessment NTU WCDR
15 Grade 3 Hazard-aimed on Human Life Hazard Water Velocity Raising Rate Water Depth Hazard-Equal Weightings 1/3 1/3 1/3 Water Velocity Water velocity (m/s) Grade 0~0.5 0~ ~ ~1 >1.5 1 Water Velocity (m/s) NTU WCDR 15
16 3 Hazard-Raising Rate of Water Surface Grade Hazard Water Velocity Raising Rate Water Depth Raising Rate of Water Surface (m/hr) Grade 0~0.75 0~ ~ ~ ~3 0.7~1 >3 1 Raising Rate of Water Surface (m/hr) NTU WCDR 16
17 3 Hazard-Water Depth Grade Water Velocity Hazard Raising Rate Water Depth High Water Depth is main reason of drowning Water Depth (m) Water Depth Grade 0~0.3m 0~ ~0.5m 0.5~ ~1.0m 0.7~ ~3.0m 0.9~1 >3.0m 1 NTU WCDR 17
18 4 Inundation Depth Inundation Depth (m) Area (ha.) 0.3 ~ ~ ~ ~ > NTU WCDR 18
19 4 Hazard Map Hazard Area (ha.) very high high medium low Very low NTU WCDR 6
20 Conclusions NTU WCDR
21 5 Conclusions and Suggestions The methodology can be used in other area for making tsunami hazard map. Two models are used for better representative of impacts of tsunami. Weighting of different factors can be gotten by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the future. Combining factors of vulnerability (such as populations, etc.), the risk map of tsunami can be delineated. NTU WCDR 6
22 Thanks for your attention! Center for Weather Climate and Disaster Research 22
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