Tsunami hazard assessment along the Chinese mainland coast from earthquakes in the Taiwan region
|
|
- Meghan Howard
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 DOI /s ORIGINAL PAPER Tsunami hazard assessment along the Chinese mainland coast from earthquakes in the Taiwan region Hou Jingming 1,2 Li Xiaojuan 1 Yuan Ye 2 Wang Peitao 2 Received: 26 May 2015 / Accepted: 14 December 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 Abstract Tsunami disasters have been documented several times in Chinese history, mostly in the Taiwan region. To assess the tsunami hazard along the coast of mainland China from sources in Taiwan, this study analyzed historical tsunamis and undersea seismic events around Taiwan and found that the frequency and magnitude of earthquakes around Taiwan are significantly higher than in the adjacent Ryukyu and Manila trenches. The probabilistic seismic hazard analysis method was adopted to estimate the maximum possible earthquake magnitude around Taiwan. Then, six tsunami sources were assumed in those places where both earthquakes and tsunamis have occurred previously. Numerical models of the tsunamis were used to calculate the probable maximum tsunami amplitude and tsunami arrival time. The largest tsunami amplitude and the shortest arrival time were drawn on a GIS map. The modeling results provided a summary of tsunami hazards along the coast of mainland China from tsunami sources in Taiwan. The results showed that tsunamis triggered by the maximum possible earthquakes in the Taiwan region would arrive first at Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, and Hainan Provinces within 3 h; the largest tsunami amplitude was up to 3.3 m. Thus, parts of Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong Provinces were identified as regions with the highest hazard levels. Keywords Hazard assessment Tsunami Taiwan Chinese mainland 1 Introduction Tsunami disasters have gained increased worldwide awareness in the aftermaths of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the 2011 tsunami in Japan. Tsunamis can be triggered by a variety of sources, but they are initiated mainly by shallow earthquakes in subduction & Hou Jingming houjingming1982@126.com 1 2 College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People s Republic of China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing, People s Republic of China
2 zones. Globally, approximately 75 % of major tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas (IOC 2013). China, because of its location to the west of the Pacific and near the Ryukyu and Manila trenches, also faces the threat of tsunamis. An Mw 7.0 earthquake that occurred in Pingtung, Taiwan (December 26, 2006) and the subsequent associated tsunami illustrate that constant awareness of the hazard of tsunamis is necessary along the coast of Southeast China (Liu et al. 2007). Tsunami disasters have occurred several times in Chinese history, mostly in the Taiwan region. Historical tsunami events and earthquakes with magnitudes [6.0 that have occurred in the Taiwan region between 1964 and 2014 are plotted in Fig. 1. These data were taken from the American National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA 2015) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS 2015). Figure 1 shows that both earthquakes and tsunamis around Taiwan are concentrated in the eastern waters of the Fig. 1 Historical earthquakes and tsunamis near Taiwan from 1964 to 2014
3 island, in the vicinity of the boundary between the Eurasian and Philippine plates. The frequency and magnitude of earthquakes in Taiwan are both higher than in the Ryukyu and Manila trenches. Between 1964 and 2014, 91 earthquakes with magnitudes [6.0 occurred near Taiwan. About 87 % of the past earthquakes in this region occurred at focal depths of \60 km. The depth of the eastern Taiwan waters lies between 1000 and 5000 m. Thus, the magnitudes and focal depths of the earthquakes, and the local bathymetric conditions are all suitable for triggering a tsunami (Chen et al. 2007). In addition, most tsunamis in Taiwan are generated locally and this proximity to mainland China accentuates the risk of serious damage in that region. Tsunami amplitude and arrival time are important parameters for the assessment of tsunami hazard (Wang and Liu 2006). By analyzing previous tsunami and earthquake data, and by estimating the maximum possible seismic magnitude around Taiwan, this study calculated future tsunami amplitudes and arrival times at mainland China from earthquake sources near Taiwan. The hazard assessment was conducted primarily for mainland China and Hainan Island, not including Taiwan and the islands in the South China Sea. 2 Statistics of historic tsunamis There are many tsunamis recorded in ancient Chinese literature (Yu et al. 2001; Wang et al. 2006; Wong and Chan 2006; Lau et al. 2010); however, some of these might have actually been storm surges or other events that would require a corresponding seismic description to be characterized accurately as tsunamis. In addition to the collection of Chinese historical tsunami data, this research also analyzed tsunami data from the American National Geophysical Data Center. These tsunami data (2000 BC 2014 AD) contain the times of occurrence, latitudes and longitudes, tsunami type, level of confidence, and other relevant information. Following the careful comparison and analysis of these two data sets, a list of credible tsunamis was compiled (Table 1). The most devastating tsunami in Taiwan occurred in Keelung, which was triggered by an Mw 7.0 earthquake on December 18, This tsunami resulted in countless ships sinking, buildings collapsing, and hundreds of deaths (Wang et al. 2005). Two of the past tsunamis were recorded by modern instruments. During a tsunami near Taiwan on September 16, 1994, the Dongshan and Shantou gauge stations recorded a maximum tsunami of 26 and 47 cm, respectively. On December 26, 2006, an Mw 7.0 earthquake occurred off the coast of Taiwan at Pingtung and generated a tsunami. The tsunami propagated to Chongwu in 3.4 h where the maximum tsunami height was 7.8 cm. The maximum tsunami amplitude of the same tsunami at Dongshan was 10 cm. Table 1 Historical tsunamis in Taiwan Epicenter Time Coordinate Magnitude Pingtung, Taiwan May 22, 1781 (22.1 N, E) Unknown Chiayi, Taiwan August 9, 1792 (23.6 N, E) 6.8 Keelung, Taiwan December 18, 1867 (25.5 N, E) 7.0 Hualien, Taiwan November 14, 1986 (24.1 N, E) 7.4 Taiwan Strait September 16, 1994 (22.6 N, E) 6.7 Pingtung, Taiwan December 26, 2006 (21.8 N, E) 7.0
4 3 Geological analysis and maximum magnitude 3.1 Tectonic setting Taiwan lies at the junction of the Eurasian and Philippine plates, linking the Ryukyu and Manila trenches. The Philippine Plate has been moving to the northwest since the early Cenozoic Era (Cheng et al. 2007). Thus, the Philippine Plate subducts beneath the Eurasian Plate in the northeast of Taiwan, whereas in southern Taiwan, the Eurasian Plate lies under the Philippine Plate. Eastern Taiwan is the collisional forefront of the Luzon arc and the continental margin, where the plates collide and squeeze, making this region more geologically active. 3.2 Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis method The probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) method has been applied to assess the maximum possible earthquake magnitude in Taiwan, based on the analysis of geological structures and existing seismic data. It is used to evaluate earthquake damage by considering the probability of a specified level of ground motion being exceeded at a specific location and linking this probability within a given period to the annual frequency of exceedance. PSHA was proposed by Cornell (1968) and improved upon by Coppersmith (1991). Prior to the development of the PSHA method, deterministic methods were often used to assess potential worst-case seismic hazards. The size and location of the seismic source generally correspond to the worst-case scenario. Compared with the conservative deterministic methods, PSHA is a more scientific method (Baker 2008). There are numerous factors that are difficult to determine in an earthquake disaster assessment, i.e., the earthquake s location and intensity. PSHA aims to quantify these uncertain factors and to combine them to draw a clear description of future earthquakes. With the PSHA method, the worst-case ground motion intensity is no longer used; instead, all possible seismic activities and their corresponding occurrence probabilities are considered. Cheng et al. (2007) analyzed the seismic characteristics of the Taiwan area and calculated the maximum possible magnitude using the PSHA method. Here, fault activity was analyzed using a revised PSHA method, and then, seismic hazard maps were drawn for Taiwan considering 475- and 2475-year return periods. Four major source types were studied, and a logical tree approach was used to handle the uncertainty of the parameters in the PSHA. The results of the maximum possible earthquake magnitude, given in Table 2, were used in this study. Table 2 Fault parameters of hypothetical earthquakes Number Longitude Latitude Magnitude Rupture length (km) Rupture width (km) Strike ( ) Dip ( ) Slip ( ) Focal depth (km)
5 4 Numerical calculations A tsunami is a low-probability event, and observations of such events are rare; therefore, numerical simulations have become one of the primary means of tsunami research. In this study, tsunami amplitudes and arrival times were calculated using numerical models and the simulation results were analyzed. Six hypothetical tsunami sources were assumed, as shown in Fig. 2. The locations of the hypothetical earthquakes were set at sites of historical tsunami events and in earthquakeintensive areas; the magnitudes of the hypothetical earthquakes were determined according to Cheng et al. (2007). Hypothetical source 1 marks the intraslab source at the northern tip of Taiwan, which has a greater probability of earthquake occurrence according to Cheng et al. (2007). Historically, there have been deeper earthquakes with greater magnitudes at Fig. 2 Hypothetical seismic sources near Taiwan and their focal mechanisms
6 this location, but the sources were in open water. Hypothetical sources 2 6 are in locations where historical tsunamis have occurred. These sources were used to calculate the maximum possible tsunami amplitudes and earliest arrival times. Most of the focal depths of Taiwanese earthquakes with magnitudes [6 are between 0 and 60 km. The tsunami amplitude was calculated using the COMCOT model (see Sect. 4.1), and the tsunami travel time (TTT) model (see Sect. 4.1) was used to compute the arrival times. The seismic fault parameters used in the calculations, such as depth and strike, dip, and slip angles, were based on the parameters of the historical earthquakes closest to the hypothetical source. The historical focal mechanism data were from the Harvard University CMT Project (2015). The length (L) of the hypothetical fault was calculated using the following equation (Igarashi 2013), assuming fault width W = L/2 (M is the magnitude of the earthquake): log L ¼ 0:5M 1:9: ð1þ 4.1 Introduction of numerical models In this study, the tsunami amplitude was calculated using the COMCOT model, which was developed at Cornell University (Liu et al. 1998; Wang and Power 2011). The model has been used successfully for the simulation of many historical tsunami events (Liu et al. 1995; Wang and Liu 2006), and it has been applied to tsunami hazard studies by research institutes in many countries. This model has a standard modular design that can study the entire life span of a tsunami, from its generation to propagation and inundation. Multiple nested grids can be used in the model. Different coordinates (Cartesian/spherical) and equations (linear/nonlinear) can be flexibly configured according to demand. The tsunami propagation investigated in this study occurs in a coastal region, and therefore, nonlinear equations are adopted. The nonlinear equations in spherical coordinates are: og ot þ 1 R cos / þ op ow þ o cos /Q o/ ð Þ ¼ oh ot ; op ot þ g o P 2 þ g o PQ þ gh og R cos / ow H R ow H R cos / ow fq þ F x ¼ 0; ð2þ oq ot þ g o PQ þ g o Q 2 þ gh og R cos / ow H R o/ H R o/ þ fp þ F y ¼ 0 where R stands for the radius of the Earth, g is the free surface displacement relative to the mean sea level, h is water depth, H is the total depth (H = g? h), P and Q denote the volume flux components in the longitudinal w and latitudinal / directions, respectively, f is the Coriolis force coefficient, g represents gravitational acceleration, and F x and F y denote the bottom friction components in the longitudinal and latitudinal directions, respectively, which are evaluated using Manning s formula. Tsunami arrival time was calculated using the TTT model, which was developed by Paul Wessel, Geoware (Shokin et al. 1987). The TTT model can calculate the wave arrival time at each grid point. The model is based mainly on Huygens principle in which every point on a spherical surface is considered the source of secondary spherical waves (Shokin et al. 1987). The arrival times of all grid points around the focus are calculated, and the point with the shortest time is identified as the source. Each grid point is calculated in this way. Because the tsunami wave is long, the tsunami wave velocity can be computed using Eq. (3) (Murty 1977). Equation (4) is used to calculate the arrival time between grid points.
7 p s ¼ ffiffiffiffiffi gd ; ð3þ DtðrÞ ¼ Z r 0 dx sðxþ ; ð4þ where d denotes depth, s represents tsunami wave velocity, and r is the distance from the current node to another node that lies on a circle of radius r. This model has successfully calculated the propagation times of tsunamis, such as the Chilean tsunami in 2010 and the Japanese tsunami in Validation of numerical models On March 11, 2011, an Mw 9.0 earthquake occurred in the eastern waters of Honshu Island and triggered a large tsunami that caused major economic losses and casualties. This tsunami spread to China, first reaching the East China Sea, and then the Yellow and South Fig. 3 Computation domain and tide stations affected by Japan tsunami in 2011
8 China seas (Ren et al. 2013). Four hours after the earthquake, the tsunami reached Taiwan. Within 7 13 h, the tsunami had reached the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Shanghai, and Jiangsu along the coast of mainland China. Gauge stations along the coast, including Dachen, Kanmen, Shipu, Dongshan, and Lvsi, detected tsunami amplitudes of cm (Wang et al. 2012). The locations of places and tide stations are shown in Fig. 3. This tsunami was used to verify the COMCOT and TTT models. Several gauge stations along the Chinese mainland coast were selected to assess the accuracy of the modeled tsunami amplitudes and arrival times. As given in Table 3, the length and width of the tsunami source were determined according to the empirical equation of the Japan Meteorological Agency (Igarashi 2013); other source parameters were obtained from the Harvard University CMT Project (2015). Figure 4 shows that the initial calculation of tsunami amplitude is in good agreement with the observational data, thereby suggesting that the model is credible. From Table 4, the relative error between the simulation and the observations of arrival time can be seen to be about 3 %. Table 3 Source parameters of the 2011 Japan tsunami Earthquake parameters Longitude Latitude Length Width Dip Slip Strike Depth Value E N km km km Fig. 4 Comparison between model results and measurements
9 In comparison with Fig. 4, it can be determined that the numerical results of COMCOT provide more accurate travel times. The calculation time of the TTT model is very short, which makes it suitable for the early warning and large-scale assessment of tsunamis. The arrival time is defined here as the minimum propagation time when the sea surface elevation exceeds 2 cm. 4.3 Computational domain As shown in Fig. 3, the computational domain covers most of the northwest Pacific Ocean (5 45 N, E). The model has a resolution of 1 min with a time step of 1 s; the calculations used nonlinear equations without grid nesting. Additionally, a vertical wall boundary was used at the water land boundary, and the Manning s roughness coefficient was Table 4 Comparison of numerical and observed arrival times Lvsi Shipu Kanmen Zhelang Observation 12.2 h 8.5 h 8.1 h 7.2 h Simulation 12.7 h 8.7 h 8.3 h 7.0 h Relative error 4.1 % 2.4 % 2.5 % -2.8 % Fig. 5 Distributions of maximum tsunami amplitudes
10 Fig. 6 Distributions of tsunami arrival times for each of the six modeled tsunamis (the interval of the arrival time contour is 30 min) 4.4 Numerical calculation The tsunami amplitude simulation was performed based on the parameters displayed in Table 1. The calculation results are shown in Fig. 5, from which it can be seen that a large tsunami could be generated if the maximum possible earthquake occurs off Taiwan. Because of the various fault parameters, the effect of each hypothetical tsunami differs from the others. For the Chinese mainland coast, the largest tsunami amplitudes of up to 3.3 m result from hypothetical tsunami source no. 2. The regions most affected extend from Fujian Province to Zhejiang Province. The second largest coastal tsunami amplitude, created by hypothetical tsunami source no. 6, can reach 3.1 m, and the areas most affected extend from southern Fujian Province to Guangdong Province. The modeled amplitudes of the other hypothetical tsunamis are smaller. Although hypothetical source no. 1 is in open water, the deeper focal depth makes the tsunami smaller. The tsunami generated by hypothetical source no. 4 is the smallest of those evaluated. This is primarily because of the nature of the strike slip fault, which only causes a small amount of vertical movement. According to the user s guide (IOC 2014) for the enhanced products of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, the levels of tsunami impact lie within four categories: (1)
11 Nat Hazards Fig. 7 Hazard assessments of tsunamis from Taiwan: a amplitude and b arrival time Table 5 Classification standard of tsunami hazard assessment Level Maximum wave amplitude Minimum arrival time T [ 9.0 h 1 H \ 0.3 m m B H \ 1.0 m 6.0 h \ T B 9.0 h m B H \ 3.0 m 3.0 h \ T B 6.0 h 4 H C 3.0 m T B 3.0 h \0.3 m, (2) m, (3) 1 3 m, and (4) [3 m. A level 4 tsunami warning should be issued if the tsunami amplitude is [3 m. The calculation results for tsunami arrival times are shown in Fig. 6, with a time interval of 0.5 h. In this figure, it is obvious that Fujian, Zhejiang, and Guangdong Provinces are the first locations to feel the effects of the tsunamis. The tsunamis can also spread quickly to Hainan Island, because the waters between Hainan and Taiwan are deep, which permit rapid propagation speeds. A tsunami can reach mainland China within 3 h, which presents a serious challenge for the prevention and mitigation of tsunami disasters. 5 Hazard assessment The maximum tsunami amplitudes and minimum arrival times for all six hypothetical tsunami sources were calculated and drawn on a GIS map to aid the clarification of the tsunami hazard. All prefectural-level coast lines of the Chinese mainland coast are shown in Fig. 7. The classification standard of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center is listed in
12 Table 5. In Fig. 7, the color red (level 4) indicates the highest level of danger, followed by orange (level 3), yellow (level 2), and blue (level 1). Figure 7a shows that tsunami waves affect most of the east coast of mainland China, of which parts of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang Provinces are the areas at highest risk. From Fig. 7b, we can see that parts of Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, and Hainan Provinces are first to experience the effects of the tsunamis (within 3 h). The cities of Ningde, Zhangzhou, Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, and Shanwei are the conurbations most at risk of being affected by tsunamis, because they lie within the areas with the most dangerous levels of both tsunami amplitude and early arrival time. Assessment maps based on such results are helpful for local and regional governments in municipal planning and other relevant work. 6 Conclusions Based on the analysis of historical tsunami data and recent seismic data from Taiwan, the PSHA method was used to evaluate possible maximum earthquake magnitudes, and these results were used in numerical models to calculate the maximum possible tsunami amplitudes and minimum arrival times at mainland China. Numerical results of hypothetical tsunamis generated near Taiwan showed that mainland China is severely at risk from the effects of such physical events. In particular, the provinces of Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong would be hardest hit, with maximum wave amplitudes as high as 3.3 m. A tsunami can arrive on the coast of mainland China within 3 h. However, the inundation process of coastal regions was not considered here. Because detailed local topography has strong influence on the process of tsunami inundation, the hazard assessment of tsunamis on small regions needs further research. In addition to development of a timely and effective warning system for tsunamis, early response work needs to be undertaken to cope with tsunami disasters. Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Chinese Public Science and Technology Research Funds Ocean Projects (Grant No ) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No ). We would like to thank Dr. Xiaoming Wang for providing help with the COMCOT model. References Baker JW (2008) An introduction to probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). White paper, version 1:72 Chen Y, Chen Q, Zhang W (2007) Tsunami disaster in China. J Nat Disasters 16(2):1 6 Cheng CT, Chiou SJ, Lee CT, Tsai YB (2007) Study on probabilistic seismic hazard maps of Taiwan after Chi Chi earthquake. J GeoEngin 2(1):19 28 Coppersmith KJ (1991) Seismic source characterization for engineering seismic hazard analysis. In: Proceedings of the fourth international seismic zonation conference, vol 1. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute Stanford, California, pp 1 60 Cornell CA (1968) Engineering seismic risk analysis. Bull Seismol Soc Am 58(5): Harvard CMT Project (2015) Global CMT Catalog. Accessed 11 May 2015 Igarashi Y (2013) JMA tsunami assessment-travel time and wave forecasting including techniques, use and limitations. In: Regional training workshop on strengthening tsunami warning and emergency response standard operating procedures and the use of the ICG/PTWS PTWC new enhanced products, pp 8 9 IOC (2013) Exercise Pacific Wave 13. A Pacific-wide tsunami warning and communication exercise, 1 14 May 2013, vol 2. Summary Report, Paris IOC (2014) User s guide for the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center enhanced Products for the Pacific Tsunami Warning System. IOC Technical Series, Honolulu and Paris
13 Lau AYA, Switzer AD, Dominey-Howes D, Aitchison JC, Zong Y (2010) Written records of historical tsunamis in the northeastern South China Sea: challenges associated with developing a new integrated database. Nat Hazard Earth Syst Sci 10: Liu PLF, Cho YS, Yoon SB, Seo SN (1995) Numerical simulations of the 1960 Chilean tsunami propagation and inundation at Hilo, Hawaii. In: Tsunami: progress in prediction, disaster prevention and warning, pp Liu PL, Woo SB, Cho YS (1998) Computer programs for tsunami propagation and inundation. Cornell University Liu Y, Santos A, Wang SM, Shi Y, Liu H, Yuen DA (2007) Tsunami hazards along Chinese coast from potential earthquakes in South China Sea. Phys Earth Planet Inter 163(1): Murty TS (1977) Seismic sea waves: tsunamis (no. 198). Department of Fisheries and the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service NOAA (2015) Tsunami Event Database. Accessed 21 Apr 2015 Ren ZY, Wang BL, Fan TT, Liu H (2013) Numerical analysis of impacts of 2011 Japan Tohoku tsunami on China Coast. J Hydrodyn 25(4): Shokin YI, Chubarov LB, Novikov VA, Sudakov AN (1987) Calculations of tsunami travel times charts in the Pacific Ocean (models, algorithms, techniques, results). Sci Tsunami Hazards 5(2): USGS (2015) Earthquake archives. Accessed 11 May 2015 Wang XM, Liu PL-F (2006) An analysis of 2004 Sumatra earthquake fault plane mechanisms and Indian Ocean tsunami. J Hydraul Eng Res 44(2): Wang XM, Power W (2011) COMCOT: a tsunami generation propagation and run-up model. GNS Science Report 2011/43 Wang F, Liu CS, Zhang ZQ (2005) Earthquake tsunami record in Chinese ancient books. Earthq Res China 21(3): Wang XQ, Lu JX, Ding X (2006) A preliminary study on the risk of tsunami in China. South China J Seismol 26:76 80 Wang PT, Yu FJ, Zhao LD et al (2012) Numerical analysis of tsunami propagating generated by the Japan Mw9.0 earthquake on Mar. 11 in 2011 and its impact on China coasts. Chin J Geophys 55(9): (in Chinese) Wong WT, Chan YW (2006) Likelihood of tsunamis affecting the coast of Southeastern China. In: 6th general assembly of Asian Seismological Commission 2006 and symposium on earthquake and tsunami disaster preparedness and mitigation, Bangkok, Thailand, pp 7 10 Yu FJ, Ye L, Wang XN (2001) The simulation of tsunami happened in the Taiwan Strait in Acta Oceanol Sin 23(6):32 39
Preliminary Study of Possible Tsunami Hazards in Taiwan Region
Preliminary Study of Possible Tsunami Hazards in Taiwan Region Xiaoming Wang and Philip L.-F. Liu Cornell University (First Draft on May 25 2006) (Second Draft on June 1 2006) (Final Update on June 8 2006)
More informationNUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TSUNAMI PROPAGATION AND INUNDATION ALONG THE RAKHINE COAST AREAS IN MYANMAR
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TSUNAMI PROPAGATION AND INUNDATION ALONG THE RAKHINE COAST AREAS IN MYANMAR Su Hninn Htwe Supervisor: Bunichiro SHIBAZAKI MEE12619 Yushiro FUJII ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess
More informationIndian Ocean Tsunami Warning System: Example from the 12 th September 2007 Tsunami
Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System: Example from the 12 th September 2007 Tsunami Charitha Pattiaratchi 1 Professor of Coastal Oceanography, The University of Western Australia Email: chari.pattiaratchi@uwa.edu.au
More informationNUMERICAL SIMULATION AS GUIDANCE IN MAKING TSUNAMI HAZARD MAP FOR LABUAN ISLAND
NUMERICAL SIMULATION AS GUIDANCE IN MAKING TSUNAMI HAZARD MAP FOR LABUAN ISLAND MOHD RIDZUAN bin Adam Supervisor: Fumihiko IMAMURA MEE09199 ABSTRACT At the northeast end of the South China Sea, tsunamis
More informationEffect of the Emperor seamounts on trans-oceanic propagation of the 2006 Kuril Island earthquake tsunami
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 35, L02611, doi:10.1029/2007gl032129, 2008 Effect of the Emperor seamounts on trans-oceanic propagation of the 2006 Kuril Island earthquake tsunami S. Koshimura, 1 Y.
More informationEarthquake Hazards. Tsunami
Earthquake Hazards Tsunami Measuring Earthquakes Two measurements that describe the power or strength of an earthquake are: Intensity a measure of the degree of earthquake shaking at a given locale based
More informationSIMULATION OF A WORST CASE TSUNAMI SCENARIO FROM THE MANILA TRENCH TO VIETNAM
SIMULATION OF A WORST CASE TSUNAMI SCENARIO FROM THE MANILA TRENCH TO VIETNAM Nguyen Hong Phuong, Vu Ha Phuong, Pham The Truyen Earthquake Information and Tsunami Warning Centre, VAST OUTLINE Earthquake
More informationNUMERICAL SIMULATIONS FOR TSUNAMI FORECASTING AT PADANG CITY USING OFFSHORE TSUNAMI SENSORS
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS FOR TSUNAMI FORECASTING AT PADANG CITY USING OFFSHORE TSUNAMI SENSORS Setyoajie Prayoedhie Supervisor: Yushiro FUJII MEE10518 Bunichiro SHIBAZAKI ABSTRACT We conducted numerical simulations
More informationLessons from the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and the Asian tsunami
Lessons from the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and the Asian tsunami Kenji Satake National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Outline 1. The largest earthquake in the last 40 years 2. Tsunami
More informationTSUNAMI HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN NORTHERN EGYPT USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION
TSUNAMI HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN NORTHERN EGYPT USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION Abutaleb Ali Supervisor: Bunichiro SHIBAZAKI MEE16717 Yushiro FUJII ABSTRACT To investigate the tsunami hazard along the northern
More informationPreliminary numerical simulation of potential earthquake-induced tsunami in East China Sea
Vol.1 No.5 (456~463) ACTA SEISMOLOGICA SINICA Sep., 008 Article ID: 1000-9116(008)05-0456-08 doi: 10.1007/s11589-008-0456-1 Preliminary numerical simulation of potential earthquake-induced tsunami in East
More informationEarthquake Hazards. Tsunami
Earthquake Hazards Tsunami Review: What is an earthquake? Earthquake is the vibration (shaking) and/or displacement of the ground produced by the sudden release of energy. The point inside the Earth where
More informationSTUDY ON TSUNAMIGENIC EARTHQUAKE CRITERIA FOR THE INDONESIAN TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM
STUDY ON TSUNAMIGENIC EARTHQUAKE CRITERIA FOR THE INDONESIAN TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM Nanang T. Puspito 1 1 Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institute of Technology
More informationPROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD MAPS AT GROUND SURFACE IN JAPAN BASED ON SITE EFFECTS ESTIMATED FROM OBSERVED STRONG-MOTION RECORDS
13 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 2004 Paper No. 3488 PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD MAPS AT GROUND SURFACE IN JAPAN BASED ON SITE EFFECTS ESTIMATED FROM
More informationTSUNAMI CHARACTERISTICS OF OUTER-RISE EARTHQUAKES ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST OF NICARAGUA - A CASE STUDY FOR THE 2016 NICARAGUA EVENT-
TSUNAMI CHARACTERISTICS OF OUTER-RISE EARTHQUAKES ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST OF NICARAGUA - A CASE STUDY FOR THE 2016 NICARAGUA EVENT- Amilcar Cabrera Supervisor: Yuichiro TANIOKA MEE16718 ABSTRACT Nicaragua
More informationThe potential tsunami threats from the South China Sea and hazard mitigation
The potential tsunami threats from the South China Sea and hazard mitigation Dr. Tso-Ren Wu ( 吳祚任 ) Graduate Institute of Hydrological and Oceanic Sciences National Central University 國立中央大學水文與海洋科學研究所
More informationVALIDATION OF TSUNAMI INUNDATION MODELING FOR THE 2004 SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE FOR MAKING HAZARD MAPS IN PENANG AND LANGKAWI, MALAYSIA
Synopses of Master Papers Bulletin of IISEE, 47, 11-16, 013 VALIDATION OF TSUNAMI INUNDATION MODELING FOR THE 004 SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE FOR MAKING HAZARD MAPS IN PENANG AND LANGKAWI, MALAYSIA Noor
More informationA PROTOTYPE OF WEB-APPLICATION FOR TSUNAMI DATABASE ALONG SOUTHERN JAVA ISLAND COASTLINE
A PROTOTYPE OF WEB-APPLICATION FOR TSUNAMI DATABASE ALONG SOUTHERN JAVA ISLAND COASTLINE Ariska Rudyanto MEE07170 Supervisor: Yohei HASEGAWA Yosuke IGARASHI Yushiro FUJII ABSTRACT Development of tsunami
More informationEarthquake Hazards. Tsunami
Earthquake Hazards Tsunami Review: What is an earthquake? Earthquake is the vibration (shaking) and/or displacement of the ground produced by the sudden release of energy. The point inside the Earth where
More informationSTUDY ON APPROPRIATE MODELING OF TSUNAMIS IN MALAYSIA FOR RISK EVALUATION
STUDY ON APPROPRIATE MODELING OF TSUNAMIS IN MALAYSIA FOR RISK EVALUATION Zaty Aktar binti Mokhtar* Supervisor: Fumihiko Imamura** MEE06025 Shunichi Koshimura** ABSTRACT In order to design a tsunami warning
More informationChapter 2. Earthquake and Damage
EDM Report on the Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake of September 21, 1999 2.1 Earthquake Fault 2.1.1 Tectonic Background The island of Taiwan is located in the complex junction where the Eurasian and Philippine
More informationSendai Earthquake NE Japan March 11, Some explanatory slides Bob Stern, Dave Scholl, others updated March
Sendai Earthquake NE Japan March 11, 2011 Some explanatory slides Bob Stern, Dave Scholl, others updated March 14 2011 Earth has 11 large plates and many more smaller ones. Plates are 100-200 km thick
More informationEarthquakes Physical Geology 2017 Part 1: Exploring Earthquake distributions. Home butto California Earthquakes: 1) 2) 3) above
Earthquakes Physical Geology 2017 Adapted from a lab by Jennifer Wenner This lab is designed to give you experience exploring seismicity associated with different plate boundaries. You will examine seismograms
More informationREAL-TIME TSUNAMI INUNDATION FORECAST STUDY IN CHIMBOTE CITY, PERU
REAL-TIME TSUNAMI INUNDATION FORECAST STUDY IN CHIMBOTE CITY, PERU Nabilt Moggiano Supervisor: Kenji SATAKE MEE16720 ABSTRACT For rapid forecast of tsunami inundation during a tsunamigenic event, we constructed
More informationWainui Beach Management Strategy (WBMS) Summary of Existing Documents. GNS Tsunami Reports
Wainui Beach Management Strategy (WBMS) Summary of Existing Documents GNS Tsunami Reports a) Review of Tsunami Hazard and Risk in New Zealand ( National Risk Report ) b) Review of New Zealand s Preparedness
More informationDATA BASE DEVELOPMENT OF ETA (ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL) FOR TSUNAMI DISASTER MITIGATION AT SOUTHWESTERN CITIES OF ACEH, INDONESIA
6 th South China Sea Tsunami Workshop Nanyang Technology University, Singapore, 6-8 November 2013 DATA BASE DEVELOPMENT OF ETA (ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL) FOR TSUNAMI DISASTER MITIGATION AT SOUTHWESTERN
More informationSeismic Activity and Crustal Deformation after the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake
J-RAPID Symposium March 6-7, 2013 Seismic Activity and Crustal Deformation after the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake Y. Honkura Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan Science and Technology
More informationJMA Tsunami Warning Services. Tomoaki OZAKI Senior Coordinator for Tsunami Forecast Modeling Japan Meteorological Agency
JMA Tsunami Warning Services Tomoaki OZAKI Senior Coordinator for Tsunami Forecast Modeling Japan Meteorological Agency Organization Chart of the Government of Japan Cabinet Office Diet Ministry of Internal
More informationEARTHQUAKE SOURCE PARAMETERS FOR SUBDUCTION ZONE EVENTS CAUSING TSUNAMIS IN AND AROUND THE PHILIPPINES
EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PARAMETERS FOR SUBDUCTION ZONE EVENTS CAUSING TSUNAMIS IN AND AROUND THE PHILIPPINES Joan Cruz SALCEDO Supervisor: Tatsuhiko HARA MEE09186 ABSTRACT We have made a set of earthquake source
More informationTsunami Response and the Enhance PTWC Alerts
Tsunami Response and the Enhance PTWC Alerts Ken Gledhill GeoNet Project Director Chair, Intergovernmental Coordination Group, Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (PTWS) Overview 1. Procedures
More informationMagnitude 7.1 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
Japan was rattled by a strong aftershock and tsunami warning Thursday night nearly a month after a devastating earthquake and tsunami flattened the northeastern coast. This earthquake can be considered
More informationTSUNAMI PROPAGATION AND INUNDATION MODELINGS ALONG SOUTH-EAST COAST OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA
TSUNAMI PROPAGATION AND INUNDATION MODELINGS ALONG SOUTH-EAST COAST OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA Martin WAREK Supervisor: Yushiro FUJII MEE12620 Bunichiro SHIBAZAKI ABSTRACT This study covers tsunami generation,
More informationDisclaimer. This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC member countries.
Disclaimer This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC member countries. The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views of the ADRC. The boundaries and
More informationEarthquakes and Tsunamis
Earthquakes and Tsunamis Kenji Satake Earthquake Research Institute University of Tokyo 1 Part I 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami 2 Fukushima Dai ichi NPP accident Earthquake ground motion Reactors automatically
More informationLessons Learned from Past Tsunamis Warning and Emergency Response
UNESCO IOC CTIC US NOAA ITIC Regional Training Workshop on Strengthening Tsunami Warning and Emergency Response Standard Operating Procedures and the Development of the ICG/CARIBE-EWS PTWC New Enhanced
More information2. Tsunami Source Details
2. Tsunami Source Details The Northland area faces a range of potential tsunamigenic sources that include several local and distant fault systems and underwater landslides. A NIWA study (Goff et al. 2006)
More informationJMA Tsunami Warning Services. Takeshi KOIZUMI Senior Coordinator for International Earthquake and Tsunami Information Japan Meteorological Agency
JMA Tsunami Warning Services Takeshi KOIZUMI Senior Coordinator for International Earthquake and Tsunami Information Japan Meteorological Agency Tectonic Setting of Japan (Headquarters for Earthquake Research
More informationRELATION BETWEEN RAYLEIGH WAVES AND UPLIFT OF THE SEABED DUE TO SEISMIC FAULTING
13 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 24 Paper No. 1359 RELATION BETWEEN RAYLEIGH WAVES AND UPLIFT OF THE SEABED DUE TO SEISMIC FAULTING Shusaku INOUE 1,
More informationEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN Dr Ilaria Mosca 1 and Dr Natalya Silacheva 2 1 British Geological Survey, Edinburgh (UK) imosca@nerc.ac.uk 2 Institute of Seismology, Almaty (Kazakhstan) silacheva_nat@mail.ru
More informationUncertainties in a probabilistic model for seismic hazard analysis in Japan
Uncertainties in a probabilistic model for seismic hazard analysis in Japan T. Annaka* and H. Yashiro* * Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., Ltd., Japan ** The Tokio Marine and Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.,
More informationTsunami and earthquake in Chile Part 2
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE GENERAL JRC JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Global Security and Crisis Management Unit CriTech Sunday, 28 February 2010 Executive
More informationEarthquake Source. Kazuki Koketsu. Special Session: Great East Japan (Tohoku) Earthquake. Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo
2012/9/24 17:20-17:35 WCEE SS24.4 Special Session: Great East Japan (Tohoku) Earthquake Earthquake Source Kazuki Koketsu Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo 1 Names and features of the earthquake
More informationTsunami Simulation of 2009 Dusky Sound Earthquake in New Zealand
Tsunami Simulation of 2009 Dusky Sound Earthquake in New Zealand Polina Berezina 1 Institute of Geology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine Supervisor: Prof. Kenji Satake Earthquake
More informationTHE 2011 TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE IN JAPAN. VSU Lyuben Karavelov, Sofia, Bulgaria. Key words: Tohoku earthquake, strong ground motion, damage
THE 2011 TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE IN JAPAN Radan Ivanov 1 VSU Lyuben Karavelov, Sofia, Bulgaria Abstract: This earthquake which occurred on March 11, 2011, had a magnitude of 9.0, which places it as the fourth
More informationMechanism of tsunami generation,propagation and runup -sharing experiences with Japanese
Mechanism of tsunami generation,propagation and runup -sharing experiences with Japanese Mechanism of tsunami generation Predicting the propagation, runup and inundation of tsunamis Near and far-field
More informationEarthquakes and Earth s Interior
- What are Earthquakes? Earthquakes and Earth s Interior - The shaking or trembling caused by the sudden release of energy - Usually associated with faulting or breaking of rocks - Continuing adjustment
More informationTomographic imaging of P wave velocity structure beneath the region around Beijing
403 Doi: 10.1007/s11589-009-0403-9 Tomographic imaging of P wave velocity structure beneath the region around Beijing Zhifeng Ding Xiaofeng Zhou Yan Wu Guiyin Li and Hong Zhang Institute of Geophysics,
More informationEstablishment and Operation of a Regional Tsunami Warning Centre
Establishment and Operation of a Regional Tsunami Warning Centre Dr. Charles McCreery, Director NOAA Richard H. Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning Center Ewa Beach, Hawaii USA Why A Regional Tsunami Warning
More informationCoseismic slip model
Figure 3 - Preliminary highly smoothed model of coseismic slip for the 11 March UCL Institute for Risk & Disaster Reduction Magnitude 9.0 (JMA scale) earthquake Occurred at 02:46:23 pm local time near
More informationMagnitude 7.9 SE of KODIAK, ALASKA
A magnitude 7.9 earthquake occurred at 12:31 am local time 181 miles southeast of Kodiak at a depth of 25 km (15.5 miles). There are no immediate reports of damage or fatalities. Light shaking from this
More informationFOCAL MECHANISMS OF SUBDUCTION ZONE EARTHQUAKES ALONG THE JAVA TRENCH: PRELIMINARY STUDY FOR THE PSHA FOR YOGYAKARTA REGION, INDONESIA
FOCAL MECHANISMS OF SUBDUCTION ZONE EARTHQUAKES ALONG THE JAVA TRENCH: PRELIMINARY STUDY FOR THE PSHA FOR YOGYAKARTA REGION, INDONESIA Myo Thant 1, Hiroshi Kawase 2, Subagyo Pramumijoyo 3, Heru Hendrayana
More informationLOCAL TSUNAMIS: CHALLENGES FOR PREPAREDNESS AND EARLY WARNING
LOCAL TSUNAMIS: CHALLENGES FOR PREPAREDNESS AND EARLY WARNING HARALD SPAHN 1 1 German Technical Cooperation International Services, Jakarta, Indonesia ABSTRACT: Due to the threat of local tsunamis warning
More informationTowards an integrated assessment of coastal flood risk in southern China.
Towards an integrated assessment of coastal flood risk in southern China. ADAM D. SWITZER EARTH OBSERVATORY OF SINGAPORE ASIAN SCHOOL OF THE ENVIRONMENT NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY http://timeout
More informationCharacteristics of seismic activity before Chile M W 8.8 earthquake in 2010
Earthq Sci (2010)23: 333 341 333 Doi: 10.1007/s11589-010-0730-x Characteristics of seismic activity before Chile M W 8.8 earthquake in 2010 Yan Xue 1,2, Jie Liu 2 and Gang Li 2 1 Institute of Geophysics,
More informationSeismic Activity near the Sunda and Andaman Trenches in the Sumatra Subduction Zone
IJMS 2017 vol. 4 (2): 49-54 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (IJMS) Volume 4, Issue 2, 2017 DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/ijms.v4i2.22 Seismic Activity near the Sunda and Andaman Trenches
More informationRiskscape module Documentation: Inundation Modelling in Bay of Plenty. X. Wang C. Mueller
Riskscape module Documentation: Inundation Modelling in Bay of Plenty X. Wang C. Mueller CONTENTS 1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION... 2 1.1 SITE OF STUDY... 5 1.2 SOURCE SCENARIOS... 5 1.3 NUMERICAL MODEL... 5
More informationThree Dimensional Simulations of Tsunami Generation and Propagation
Chapter 1 Earth Science Three Dimensional Simulations of Tsunami Generation and Propagation Project Representative Takashi Furumura Authors Tatsuhiko Saito Takashi Furumura Earthquake Research Institute,
More informationEXECUTIVE SUMMARY. The title of this dissertation is Quantitative Study on Natural Disasters Risk
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The title of this dissertation is Quantitative Study on Natural Disasters Risk Management Policy Applying Statistical Data Analysis and Mathematical Modeling Approach. This research
More informationPredicting of Tsunami Inundation Area based on Propagation and Runup Numerical Model in Pacitan City
Predicting of Tsunami Inundation Area based on Propagation and Runup Numerical Model in Pacitan City 1 Agus Suharyanto, 1 Alwafi Pujiraharjo, 2 Adipandang Yudono, 3 Keisuke Murakami, and 3 Chikashi Deguchi
More informationAdvisors: Arcadii Grinshpan, Mathematics and Statistics Rocco Malservisi, School of Geosciences. Problem Suggested By: Rocco Malservisi
Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two Volume 8 2018 Spring 2018 Issue 2 Article 6 Tsunami Waves Samantha Pennino University of South Florida Advisors: Arcadii Grinshpan, Mathematics
More informationTsunami Inundation Modeling in the Aegean Sea
Tsunami Inundation Modeling in the Aegean Sea B. Aydın Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey O. Hoto & U. Kânoğlu Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey SUMMARY: The tsunami forecasting system
More informationMagnitude 8.3 SEA OF OKHOTSK
A powerful earthquake in Russia's Far East was felt as far away as Moscow, about 7,000 kilometers (4,400 miles) west of the epicenter, but no casualties or damage were reported. The epicenter was in the
More informationRELOCATION OF LARGE EARTHQUAKES ALONG THE PHILIPPINE FAULT ZONE AND THEIR FAULT PLANES
RELOCATION OF LARGE EARTHQUAKES ALONG THE PHILIPPINE FAULT ZONE AND THEIR FAULT PLANES Rey M. Lumbang MEE12608 Supervisor: Nobuo Hurukawa ABSTRACT We relocated large magnitude (Mw 7.0) earthquakes that
More informationrevised October 30, 2001 Carlos Mendoza
Earthquake Sources in the circum-caribbean Region Puerto Rico Tsunami Mitigation and Warning Program Federal Emergency Management Agency Preliminary Report: Task 3 revised October 30, 2001 Carlos Mendoza
More informationSource Fault Model of the 1771 Yaeyama Tsunami, Southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan, Inferred from Numerical Simulation
Pure appl. geophys. 163 (2006) 41 54 0033 4553/06/010041 14 DOI 10.1007/s00024-005-0007-9 Ó Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2006 Pure and Applied Geophysics Source Fault Model of the 1771 Yaeyama Tsunami, Southern
More informationJCR (2 ), JGR- (1 ) (4 ) 11, EPSL GRL BSSA
Dun Wang ( ) In collaboration with: Hitoshi Kawakatsu, Jim Mori, Kazuki Koketsu, Takuto Maeda, Hiroshi Tsuroka, Jiancang Zhunag, Lihua Fang, and Qiang Yao School of Geosciences, China University of Geosciences
More informationPoS(ISGC 2011 & OGF 31)078
Modeling scenarios of earthquake-generated tsunamis for Vietnam coasts Davide Bisignano Università degli Studi di Trieste, Department of Geosciences Via E. Weiss 4, Trieste, Italy E-mail: davide.bisignano@gmail.com
More informationMagnitude 7.5 PALU, INDONESIA
A magnitude 7.5 earthquake occurred 80.8 km (50.2 mi) north of Palu, Indonesia at a depth of 10 km (6.2 miles). This earthquake triggered a tsunami with wave heights up to 2 m (6.6 ft) that an official
More informationNews Release December 30, 2004 The Science behind the Aceh Earthquake
News Release December 30, 2004 The Science behind the Aceh Earthquake PASADENA, Calif. - Kerry Sieh, the Robert P. Sharp Professor of Geology at the California Institute of Technology and a member of Caltech's
More informationTsunami waves swept away houses and cars in northern Japan and pushed ships aground.
Japan was struck by a magnitude 8.9 earthquake off its northeastern coast Friday. This is one of the largest earthquakes that Japan has ever experienced. In downtown Tokyo, large buildings shook violently
More informationChapter 15. Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics. what s the connection? At the boundaries friction causes plates to stick together.
Chapter 15 Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics what s the connection? As with volcanoes, earthquakes are not randomly distributed over the globe At the boundaries friction causes plates to stick together.
More informationChecking of Seismic and Tsunami Hazard for Coastal NPP of Chinese Continent
Checking of Seismic and Tsunami Hazard for Coastal NPP of Chinese Continent Chang Xiangdong (Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, MEP, China) 2012.Sep 1. Introduction After Japanese Fukushima nuclear accident
More informationTSUNAMI AND EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY IN INDONESIA *
LOCAL TSUNAMI WARNING AND MITIGATION TSUNAMI AND EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY IN INDONESIA * Nanang T. Puspito Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB) Address: Jalan Ganeca
More informationPreparation for Future Earthquake and Tsunami Hazards: Lessons Learned from the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake and the Asian Tsunami
First International Conference of Aceh and Indian Ocean Studies Organized by Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore & Rehabilitation and Construction Executing Agency for Aceh and Nias
More informationMagnitude 8.2 NORTHWEST OF IQUIQUE, CHILE
An 8.2-magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of northern Chile, generating a local tsunami. The USGS reported the earthquake was centered 95 km (59 miles) northwest of Iquique at a depth of 20.1km
More information(energy loss is greater with longer wavelengths)
GEOL 0820 Ramsey Natural Disasters Spring, 2018 LECTURE #9: Tsunami Monitoring & Mitigation Date: 8 February 2018 I. Characteristics (con t): shoaling: o process of wave height increase and breaking as
More informationMulti-stage Statistical Landslide Hazard Analysis: Earthquake-Induced Landslides
Multi-stage Statistical Landslide Hazard Analysis: Earthquake-Induced Landslides Chyi-Tyi Lee Abstract Landslides are secondary or induced features, whose recurrence is controlled by the repetition of
More informationMagnitude 7.7 QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS REGION
A major 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck at 8:04 PM local time in western British Columbia, Canada. The epicenter is located on Moresby Island, the southern large island in the Queen Charlotte Islands region.
More informationWe have previously looked at artificial seismograms such as this one here.
We have previously looked at artificial seismograms such as this one here. S P A realistic Seismic Record Each vertical line = 1 minute Each horizontal line = 15 minutes Seismic station PMM is in Parkfield,
More informationMw 7.8, Southwest of Sumatra, Indonesia Wed, 2 March 2016 at 12:49:48 UTC M /03/03
Earthquake overview AFGHANISTA N PAKISTA N INDIA A moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8 earthquake struck in South West, Indonesia. The epicentre was centered about 800 km West South West of Padang, Sumatra province,
More informationEarthquakes and Earthquake Hazards Earth - Chapter 11 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College
Earthquakes and Earthquake Hazards Earth - Chapter 11 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College What Is an Earthquake? An earthquake is the vibration of Earth, produced by the rapid release of energy.
More informationTSUNAMI HAZARD ASSESSMENT FOR THE CENTRAL COAST OF PERU USING NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS FOR THE 1974, 1966 AND 1746 EARTHQUAKES
TSUNAMI HAZARD ASSESSMENT FOR THE CENTRAL COAST OF PERU USING NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS FOR THE 1974, 1966 AND 1746 EARTHQUAKES Sheila Yauri Supervisor: Yushiro FUJII MEE10521 Bunichiro SHIBAZAKI ABSTRACT
More informationSOURCE INVERSION AND INUNDATION MODELING TECHNOLOGIES FOR TSUNAMI HAZARD ASSESSMENT, CASE STUDY: 2001 PERU TSUNAMI
Paper No. TS-4-1 SOURCE INVERSION AND INUNDATION MODELING TECHNOLOGIES FOR TSUNAMI HAZARD ASSESSMENT, CASE STUDY: 2001 PERU TSUNAMI Bruno Adriano 1, Shunichi Koshimura 2 and Yushiro Fujii 3 ABSTRACT The
More informationThe Mega-Earthquakes of Chile: Seismology and the Sounds of the Earth
The Mega-Earthquakes of Chile: Seismology and the Sounds of the Earth Michael Wysession Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University, St. Louis, MO Puerto Montt, Chile, November 6,
More informationApplication of a GIS for Earthquake Hazard Assessment and Risk Mitigation in Vietnam
Application of a GIS for Earthquake Hazard Assessment and Risk Mitigation in Vietnam Nguyen Hong Phuong Earthquake Information and Tsunami Warning Centre, VAST OUTLINE Introduction Fault Source Model and
More informationSOP of PTWC as a Regional Tsunami Service Provider
UNESCO IOC CTIC US NOAA ITIC Regional Training Workshop on Strengthening Tsunami Warning and Emergency Response Standard Operating Procedures and the Development of the ICG/CARIBE-EWS PTWC New Enhanced
More informationThe Bottom of the Ocean
The Bottom of the Ocean Overview: In this lesson, students study bathymetric features of the ocean, predict how bathymetric features influence propagation and runup, then analyze an animation of a tsunami
More information7.1 FIJI 1, :57:22 UTC
A magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck 141 km (88 miles) northeast of Ndoi Island, Fiji, and 313 km (194 mi) west-northwest of Nuku alofa, Tonga according to the US Geological Survey, but there were no reports
More informationMagnitude 7.0 PAPUA, INDONESIA
A 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck eastern Indonesia's mountainous West Papua province on Saturday but there were no immediate reports of casualties or damage. The region is sparsely populated. According
More informationBuilding up Seismsic Models for Ground Motion Prediction of Taiwan: Problems and Challenges
Building up Seismsic Models for Ground Motion Prediction of Taiwan: Problems and Challenges Kuo-Fong Ma 馬國鳳 Institute of Geophysics National Central University What approaches we can make toward a reliable
More informationTectonic Processes and Hazards Enquiry Question 1: Why are some locations more at risk from tectonic hazards?
Tectonic Processes and Hazards Enquiry Question 1: Why are some locations more at risk from tectonic hazards? Key words Basalt Andesite Rhyolite Benioff Zone Subduction zone Crustal fracturing Definition
More informationOn Tsunami Risk Assessment for the West Coast of Thailand
On Tsunami Risk Assessment for the West Coast of Thailand Farrokh Nadim International Centre for Geohazards (ICG) / Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Thomas Glade University of Bonn Geohazards - Technical,
More informationName: Date: Bell: The Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami December 26, 2004
Name: Date: Bell: The Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami December 26, 2004 Introduction: The incredible damage and tragic loss of life resulting from the 9.0 magnitude earthquake and ensuing tsunami was shocking
More informationSIMULATION OF FUTURE ANDAMAN TSUNAMI INTO STRAITS OF MALACCA BY TUNA
Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, Vol. 3, No. 2 (29) 89 1 c World Scientific Publishing Company SIMULATION OF FUTURE ANDAMAN TSUNAMI INTO STRAITS OF MALACCA BY TUNA KOH HOCK LYE,, TEH SU YEAN,KEWLEEMING
More informationRecent studies on tropical cyclone landfalling in China
Recent studies on tropical cyclone landfalling in China Lei Xiaotu Shanghai Typhoon Institute CMA, Shanghai, China email: xtlei@21cn.com 1. Losses caused by tropical cyclones in China China is one of the
More informationNGA-Subduction: Development of the Largest Ground Motion Database for Subduction Events
NGA-Subduction: Development of the Largest Ground Motion Database for Subduction Events Tadahiro Kishida. Ph.D., and Yousef Bozorgnia, Ph.D., P.E. University of California, Berkeley 1 Probabilistic Seismic
More informationSEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT FOR JAPAN AFTER THE 2011 TOHOKU-OKI MEGA-THRUST EARTHQUAKE (Mw9.0)
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Engineering Lessons Learned from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, March 1-4, 2012, Tokyo, Japan SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT FOR JAPAN AFTER THE 2011 TOHOKU-OKI
More informationSCIENCE OF TSUNAMI HAZARDS
SCIENCE OF TSUNAMI HAZARDS ISSN 8755-6839 Journal of Tsunami Society International Volume 29 Number 3 2010 POTENTIAL DEFICIENCIES IN EDUCATION, INSTRUMENTATION, AND WARNINGS FOR LOCALLY GENERATED TSUNAMIS
More informationDr. ELIAS A., International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction, AUB - 15 Oct 2012
3/3/14 Dr. Ata ELIAS, Geology department AUB Outline 1. Tsunami events: 2. The physical and geological tsunami event 3. Global tsunami mitigation efforts Tsunami hazard 1. The tsunami hazard in the Mediterranean
More informationDETERMINATION OF EARTHQUAKE PARAMETERS USING SINGLE STATION BROADBAND DATA IN SRI LANKA
DETERMINATION OF EARTHQUAKE PARAMETERS USING SINGLE STATION BROADBAND DATA IN SRI LANKA S.W.M. SENEVIRATNE* MEE71 Supervisors: Yasuhiro YOSHIDA** Tatsuhiko HARA*** ABSTRACT We determined epicenters and
More information