Characteristics and introduction of Earthquake in Asia-Pacific region
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1 Characteristics and introduction of Earthquake in Asia-Pacific region 1906 San Francisco 2011 Tohoku 1999 Chi-Chi 1985 Mexico City 2004 Sumatra Chung-Han Chan 詹忠翰 2011 Christchurch To understand the characteristics of earthquakes Application of seismic hazard mitigation
2 The 1906 M7.8 San Francisco, US, earthquake
3 ... ShakeMap The 1906 M7.8 San Francisco earthquake Fatality: 3,000 Loss: Ca. $400 million ($8.2 billion in 2009 dollars) >80% of SF was destroyed Most of damages are due to fire Development of modern seismology Resulting fire
4 The ShakeMap of the SF earthquake Intensity decays with distance *Mercalli intensity scale (MMI)... finding
5 Findings through the San Francisco earthquake QuickTime?and a JVT/AVC Coding decompressor are needed to see this picture.
6 ... plate boundary Findings through the San Francisco earthquake Elastic rebound theory (Reid, 1908) San Andreas Fault mapping (Lawson, 1908)
7 Mexico Most of earthquakes occur in the plate boundaries Eurasia Plate Philippine Sea Plate North America Plate Pacific Plate Plate tectonic theory is proposed in the late 1950s
8 The 1985 M8.0 Mexico City, Mexico, earthquake... general information
9 ... movie about site effect The 1985 M8.0 Mexico City earthquake Fatality: ca. 40,000 Loss: 3-4 billion USD Shortage of medical resources Understanding the site effect Collapsed General Hospital Collapsed apartment complex
10 QuickTime?and a JVT/AVC Coding decompressor are needed to see this picture.
11 ... Taipei The ShakeMap of the Mexico City earthquake Site effect in Mexico City
12 Taipei is a basin, which has similar condition as Mexico City After Lee et al., Chi-Chi
13 The 1999 M7.6 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake earthquake... general information
14 ... GMPE The 1999 M7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake Great amount of seismic records Fatality: ca. 2,400 Loss: 3-4 billion USD Site response spectrum Good seismic records 3-floor building Near the epicenter 12-floor building in Taipei
15 Application of the ground motion prediction equation (GMPE) Ground motion (gal) Epicentral distance (km) building code... Taipei has larger amplitudes due to the basin effect.
16 Number of damaged structures with respect to construction periods Tsai et al., 2000 Less damages due to the building code revision in Sumatra
17 The 2004 M9.1 Sumatra, Indonesia, earthquake... general information
18 ... tsunami generation The 2004 M9.1 Sumatra, Indonesia, earthquake Fatality: 230,000 people in 14 countries No regional tsunami warning system in 2004
19 ... tsunami generation The 2004 M9.1 Sumatra, Indonesia, earthquake QuickTime?and a GIF decompressor are needed to see this picture. Fatality: 230,000 people in 14 countries No regional tsunami warning system in 2004
20 Generation of tsunami wave The 2004 tsunami travel time Possibility of tsunami early warning system... TEW system in hour
21 Christchurch
22 The 2011 M6.1 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquake... general information
23 ... importance of aftershock Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament Any alert before the 2011 Christchurch earthquake? Canterbury TV building ChristChurch Cathedral
24 Christchurch eq. can be regarded as a aftershock in the Darfield sequence Larger ground shaking by aftershock due to shorter epicentral distance Importance of aftershocks to seismic hazard evaluation Tohoku
25 The 2011 M9.0 Tohoku, Japan, earthquake... general information
26 The 2011 M9.0 Tohoku, Japan, earthquake Loss: US $235 billion* Explosion of the nuclear power plant QuickTime?and a GIF decompressor are needed to see this picture. *The most expensive natural disaster in world history.... movie for ground shaking
27 Case of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake QuickTime?and a JVT/AVC Coding decompressor are needed to see this picture.
28 ... eq information acquisition Seismic waveform S-wave P-wave P-wave: primary/pressure wave S-wave: secondary/shear wave
29 Where can we get the information about earthquakes?
30 Acquire earthquake information from news
31 Acquire earthquake information from social networks Could be a method to determine earthquakes locations.
32 Acquire earthquake information from USGS website
33 ... website for tsunami info Acquire earthquake information from CWB website
34 ... a break Acquire earthquake information from PTWC website
35 Seismic hazard mitigation by seismologists eq prediction...
36 only The success earthquake prediction experience: The 1975 Haicheng Earthquake Announcement: The movie will be performed outdoor due to earthquake prediction eq precursor...
37 Index for earthquake precursors From ISEP
38 Christchurch eq. can be regarded as a aftershock in the Darfield sequence It is important to understand earthquake interaction behaviors N Anatonian fault...
39 Animation... Stress changes associated with earthquake evolution in the North Anatolian Fault system in Turkey
40 Earthquakes take place in the stress increase regions QuickTime?and a h264 decompressor are needed to see this picture.
41 Evolution of the dynamic stress by 2012 east Indian Ocean earthquake
42 Evolution of the dynamic stress by 2012 east Indian Ocean earthquake QuickTime?and a h264 decompressor are needed to see this picture.
43 Worldwide raise of seismicity rate associated with the transient stress triggering After Pollitz et al., 2012 Kanto forecasting...
44 Application of earthquake forecasting - to provide probability/percentage of earthquake After Toda et al., 2011 Tokyo Both observations and forecasting suggest rise of seismicity activity in Tokyo PSHA...
45 Seismic hazard in form of probabilistic of strong ground shaking PGA with a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years EEW system...
46 The ShakeMap of the Mexico City earthquake Significant Site effect in Mexico City An ideal region for the application of the earthquake early warning system movie about site effect...
47 QuickTime?and a JVT/AVC Coding decompressor are needed to see this picture.
48 Application for the earthquake early warning P-wave S-wave Determine Earthquake magnitude S-wave amplitude chart for site effect...
49 Palert EEW Networking System hyperlink: Introduction of Palert.pptx By Prof. Yih-Min Wu movie for site effect...
50 tsunami signs...
51 Signs for tsunami evacuation in Japan contribution from others...
52 Seismic hazard mitigation by others
53 Earthquakes Don't Kill People?
54 Importance of the building codes Earthquakes Don't Kill People, Buildings Do movie for reinforced building...
55 Important of reinforced building QuickTime?and a h264 decompressor are needed to see this picture.
56 Engineers & policy makers can participate for seismic hazard mitigation To make safer buildings with lower costs. To make building code for mass destruction prevention. Historians...
57 Historians can participate for seismic hazard mitigation Information on the 1736 Tainan earthquake from the memorial to the throne. It provides information on seismic activity in the past. Architects and medical professionals...
58 Architects and medical professionals can participate for seismic hazard mitigation Case of the 1999 Chi-Chi event Structures are safe, but facilities are out of function.many hospitals render useless in disaster loss estimation...
59 recover curve...
60 The impact curves provide information on emergency response & facility restoration Probability of recovery time as a function of ground shaking PGA (g) actuaries...
61 Actuaries can participate for seismic hazard mitigation To determine insurance rate based on seismic hazard and structure type
62 Collaboration through GEM (Global Earthquake Model) Why GEM? A collaborative effort devised and launched by OECD s Global Science Forum, aimed at engaging the global community in the design, development and deployment of state-of-the-art open models and tools for earthquake risk assessment worldwide *OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Link for GEM:
63 Public-Private Partnership
64 Scientific framework of GEM
65 You need seismic hazard mitigation; seismic hazard mitigation needs you.
66 Thank you!
67 Demo of the EEW system in Japan
68 Demo of the EEW system in Japan QuickTime?and a h264 decompressor are needed to see this picture.
69 Z-value Blue: seismic quiescence Red: seismic activation The 1999 Chi-Chi epicenter As the behavior of earthquakes, we also need a break to refill our energy. After Wu & Chiao, 2006 Seismicity reduction before the Chi-Chi earthquake near the rupture region
70
71 Benefits of earthquakes
72 Using CT for checking body s interior CT: Computed Tomography Movie for seismic imaging...
73 Introduction of seismic imaging QuickTime?and a JVT/AVC Coding decompressor are needed to see this picture.
74 Application of seismic profile - oil and gas exploratory distinguish faults...
75 Application of seismic profile - faults identification Case near the Japan trench, To understand the rupture behaviors of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. explore the earth...
76 Understand the earth s interior through seismic waves hazard mitigation...
77 Characteristics and introduction of Earthquake in Asia-Pacific region Chung-Han Chan 詹忠翰 Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University
78 Hazard global component Expert elicitation, 5 Request for Proposals (RfP) drafting and publication International consortia submitted 9 proposals (20+ Institutions) 14 peer reviewers, Scientific Board selection, Governing Board decision. Global Earthquake History Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue Global Active Fault and Seismic Source Database Global Ground-Motion Prediction Equations Global Geodetic Strain Rate Model
79 Exposure/Vulnerability global components Expert elicitation, 5 Request for Proposals (RfP) drafting, community feedback, RfP review and publication International consortia submitted 14 proposals (60+ Institutions) 20 peer reviewers, Scientific Board selection, Governing Board decision. GEM Ontology and Taxonomy Global Exposure Database Global Earthquake Consequences Database Global Vulnerability Estimation Methods Inventory Dara Capture Tools
80 Evolution of the dynamic stress by 2012 east Indian Ocean earthquake
81
82 Plate motions
83 Plate motions QuickTime?and a h264 decompressor are needed to see this picture.
84 Fossil evidence for Pangaea
85 Wave propagation - P wave QuickTime?and a GIF decompressor are needed to see this picture.
86 Wave propagation - S wave QuickTime?and a GIF decompressor are needed to see this picture.
87 Wave propagation - Love wave QuickTime?and a GIF decompressor are needed to see this picture.
88 Wave propagation - Rayleigh wave QuickTime?and a GIF decompressor are needed to see this picture.
89 For both onsite & regional early warning purposes Earthquake magnitudes can be determined in 3 sec.
90 Understand the earth s interior through seismic waves
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