LECTURE #5: Plate Tectonics: Boundaries & Earthquake Science
|
|
- Oswald Crawford
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 GEOL 0820 Ramsey Natural Disasters Spring, 2018 LECTURE #5: Plate Tectonics: Boundaries & Earthquake Science Date: 23 January 2018 I. Reminder: Exam #1 is scheduled for Feb 1st one week from Thursday o I will take a vote at the start of class to see if sliding it to Feb 6 th is preferred be sure to be on time (no one will be allowed to take the exam if they show up more than 15 minutes late!) bring a pencil, eraser, a photo ID, and your PeopleSoft number! we will go over some example questions at the start of next lecture o material covered: first 7 or 8 lectures (including the video) II. Review from Last Class brief history of Plate Tectonics two hypotheses that combined to become the Theory of Plate Tectonics 5 steps of the Scientific Method III. Today: Plate Tectonics three types of plate boundaries: o divergent plates spreading apart small earthquakes example: ocean floors o convergent plates come together subduction zones increased volcanic activity large earthquakes example: South America o transform plates slide past one another moderate earthquakes example: San Andreas fault Page 1/6
2 how do we know the structure of the Earth? o seismology study of seismic waves as they move through the crust formed by earthquakes (EQ s) can be VERY destructive but can also be used to image the structure of the Earth generalized structure of the Earth o how do we know what is below our feet? we have only drilled down several km s never through the crust 5km thick (ocean) and 35km thick (continents) in contrast, the Earth has a radius of 6,370km o examining the seismic waves as they pass through the Earth waves change speeds when they pass through different rock compositions and density seismologists can model these changes and estimate what the rock types are, how thick they are, and what state they are in (e.g., solid or liquid) IV. Seismology the branch of geology concerned with the study and analysis of EQ's, seismic waves and their propagation through the Earth seismic waves: o energy in the form of waves (causing particle motion) radiating out from a fault rupture (break) o two main types: body waves and surface waves o type 1: Body Waves: pass through the volume of the Earth two sub-types: P-waves, S-waves P (primary) waves: compressional particle motion fastest average speeds in the crust (~ 6km/s) behave similar to sound waves in air can pass through solid, liquid and gas S (secondary/shear) waves: second fastest wave (~ 3.5 km/s) shearing particle motion (side to side mov't with respect to the wave propagation direction) only passes through solids more damaging to structures because of the shearing ground motion o type 2: Surface Waves: confined to the very upper surface of the crust are slower than both P & S waves most damaging to structures two main sub-types: Love-waves, Rayleigh-waves Page 2/6
3 Love waves: similar to the motion of S-waves Rayleigh waves rotating particle motion Seismic record of an EQ o major compositional zones of the Earth crust (two types: oceanic and continental) 1. continental crust thicker (30-50 km) less dense (granitic rocks) older (some regions up to ~3 billion years old) 2. oceanic crust thinner (~ 5km) more dense (gabbroic rocks) much younger (only up to ~200 million years old) mantle extends from the asthenosphere/lithosphere boundary (Moho) down to the outer core 2900 km some indirect sampling when material (called kimberlites) is brought to the surface from very deep rooted, explosive volcanoes most information comes from seismic profiles relatively uniform composition of rock pressure/temperature increases with depth low-velocity zone (upper km) in upper mantle only a few percent molten material critical: this zone allows Plate Tectonics to happen Page 3/6
4 core (two zones that are VERY different) enriched in iron and nickel compared to the crust/mantle much more dense mostly iron (~ 5% nickel and 1-2% sulfur) 1. inner core solid (caused by the very high pressures) known because of seismic wave behavior 2. outer core liquid (caused by the very high temperatures) known because of seismic wave behavior rotation of this metallic liquid creates the Earth s magnetic field yellow arrow: low-velocity zone (small amount of liquid) both P and S waves slow red ellipse: outer core (all liquid) P wave slows & S wave stops o major mechanical zones of the Earth upper layer (lithosphere) defines a tectonic plate brittle behavior does not flow, hence fractures when stress is applied all of the crust and part of the upper mantle (compositional units) define the lithosphere asthenosphere below plastic behavior flows when stress is applied contains a low-velocity zone some amount of partial melting all mantle material Page 4/6
5 Earthquakes V. Earthquakes what are earthquakes (EQ s)? o ground movement caused by the release of seismic energy o seismic energy is usually caused by the brittle failure of rocks under stress important hazards to understand: o they kill the most people per year (> 1 million in total over the past century) o commonly strikes without precursors or warning Page 5/6
6 o 1000's of large EQ's every year only ~ 20 are > M7.0 (known as major M7.0 to M7.9 or great larger than M8.0) account for 90% of the energy released and 80% of all the fatalities o recall: most of the fastest growing cities lie on the Pacific Rim and are threatened by large EQ's VI. Earthquakes & Faults where and how do they occur? o sudden release of stored energy as the result of rapid movement between two blocks (plates) o energy stored because of plate movement and friction release point is the focus or hypocenter energy radiates out in all directions point on the surface directly above the focus is the epicenter fault trace: line where the fault/fracture intersects the surface Earthquakes in CA/NV during one week: Page 6/6
INTRODUCTION TO EARTHQUAKES
INTRODUCTION TO EARTHQUAKES Seismology = Study of earthquakes Seismologists = Scientists who study earthquakes Earthquake = Trembling or shaking of the earth s surface, usually as a result of the movement
More informationMoho (Mohorovicic discontinuity) - boundary between crust and mantle
Earth Layers Dynamic Crust Unit Notes Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust Continental Crust Thicker Less Dense Made of Granite Oceanic Crust Thinner More Dense Made of Basalt Moho (Mohorovicic
More informationInternal Layers of the Earth
Lecture #4 notes Geology 3950, Spring 2006; CR Stern Seismic waves, earthquake magnitudes and location, and internal earth structure (pages 28-95 in the 4 th edition and 28-32 and 50-106 in the 5 th edition)
More informationChapter 15. Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics. what s the connection? At the boundaries friction causes plates to stick together.
Chapter 15 Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics what s the connection? As with volcanoes, earthquakes are not randomly distributed over the globe At the boundaries friction causes plates to stick together.
More informationChapter 7 Plate Tectonics
Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics Earthquakes Earthquake = vibration of the Earth produced by the rapid release of energy. Seismic Waves Focus = the place within the Earth where the rock breaks, producing an earthquake.
More informationHafeet mountain. Earth structure
Hafeet mountain Earth structure What is the earth structure? The earth structure has been classified according to two main criteria's 1- the chemical composition 2- the physical properties Earth structure
More information1. List the 3 main layers of Earth from the most dense to the least dense.
1. List the 3 main layers of Earth from the most dense to the least dense. 2. List the 6 layers of earth based on their physical properties from the least dense to the most dense. 3. The thinnest layer
More informationPLATE TECTONICS Chapter 4 Notes
PLATE TECTONICS Chapter 4 Notes Review Earth s Interior Ch 1. Geologists have used two main types of evidence to learn about Earth s interior: Direct evidence from rocks drilled from deep inside Earth
More informationEarth s Interior StudyGuide
Name Date Period Earth s Interior StudyGuide 1. The two main elements that make up the Earth s crust are and. 2. The Earth s inner core is made of solid and. 3. When one plates slides under another plate
More informationThe Four Layers The Earth is composed of four different layers. The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and
Earth s Structure The Four Layers The Earth is composed of four different layers. The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is much hotter and
More informationTopic 5: The Dynamic Crust (workbook p ) Evidence that Earth s crust has shifted and changed in both the past and the present is shown by:
Topic 5: The Dynamic Crust (workbook p. 65-85) Evidence that Earth s crust has shifted and changed in both the past and the present is shown by: --sedimentary horizontal rock layers (strata) are found
More information1 How and Where Earthquakes Happen
CHAPTER 12 1 How and Where Earthquakes Happen SECTION Earthquakes KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What is elastic rebound? What are the similarities and differences between
More informationAn Earthquake is a rapid vibration or shaking of the Earth s crust created by a release in energy from sudden movement of a part of a plate along a
An Earthquake is a rapid vibration or shaking of the Earth s crust created by a release in energy from sudden movement of a part of a plate along a fault. Energy released radiates in all directions from
More informationUnit Topics. Topic 1: Earth s Interior Topic 2: Continental Drift Topic 3: Crustal Activity Topic 4: Crustal Boundaries Topic 5: Earthquakes
The Dynamic Earth Unit Topics Topic 1: Earth s Interior Topic 2: Continental Drift Topic 3: Crustal Activity Topic 4: Crustal Boundaries Topic 5: Earthquakes Topic 1: Earth s Interior Essential Question:
More informationTEST NAME:Geology part 1 TEST ID: GRADE:06 - Sixth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom
TEST NAME:Geology part 1 TEST ID:1542715 GRADE:06 - Sixth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom Geology part 1 Page 1 of 6 Student: Class: Date: 1. The picture below shows
More information21. Earthquakes I (p ; 306)
21. Earthquakes I (p. 296-303; 306) How many people have been killed by earthquakes in the last 4,000 years? How many people have been killed by earthquakes in the past century? What two recent earthquakes
More informationGeology of the Hawaiian Islands
Geology of the Hawaiian Islands Class 3 20 January 2004 Any Questions? IMPORTANT Big Island Field Trip We need a firm commitment PLUS $164 payment for airfare BEFORE January 29th Plate Tectonics Fundamental
More informationName Test Date Hour. the interior of the Earth to the surface. younger less dense plate.
Name Test Date Hour Earth Processes#2 - Notebook Plate Tectonics LEARNING TARGETS I can identify and describe the three main layers of Earth. I can explain the difference between an oceanic and a continental
More informationThe Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics Agree or Disagree? 1. The Earth if made up of 4 different layers. 2. The crust (where we live) can be made of either less dense continental crust or the more
More informationCh. 9 Review. Pgs #1-31 Write Questions and Answers
Ch. 9 Review Pgs. 356-357 #1-31 Write Questions and Answers 356-357 #1-5 Answers 1. The layer of the upper mantle that can flow is the: A - Asthenosphere 2. Most scientists rejected Wegener s theory of
More informationOutcome C&D Study Guide
Name: Class: Outcome C&D Study Guide Identify the layers of Earth s interior Lithosphere the upper most layer of the earth that includes the crust and the hard outer mantle. It is fractured into tectonic
More information12.2 Plate Tectonics
12.2 Plate Tectonics LAYERS OF THE EARTH Earth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers. These layers are the crust, mantle (upper and lower), outer core, and inner core. Crust outer solid rock
More informationPlate Tectonics Notes
Plate Tectonics Notes Last 30 Days Earthquakes Physical Features Last 30 Days Earthquakes with Plate Boundaries Earth s Structure Earth s Layers Core: Inner Core: Center of the earth, solid ball of metal
More informationsonar seismic wave basalt granite
geologist sonar crust geology seismic wave mantle constructive force basalt inner core destructive force granite outer core The solid, rocky, surface layer of the earth. an instrument that can find objects
More informationRESTLESS EARTH - CHAPTER 4
RESTLESS EARTH - CHAPTER 4 continental crust - Composition is similar to granite and forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed. oceanic crust - Composition similar to basalt. It is thinner,
More informationEARTH S INTERIOR, EVIDENCE FOR PLATE TECTONICS AND PLATE BOUNDARIES
EARTH S INTERIOR, EVIDENCE FOR PLATE TECTONICS AND PLATE BOUNDARIES LAYERS OF THE EARTH Crust Inner Core Most Dense Solid Iron & Nickel Mantle Thickest layer Outer Core Liquid Iron & Nickel ANOTHER LOOK
More informationThe Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 4 main layers: Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Crust Crust Mantle Outer core Inner core The Crust This is where
More informationPlate Tectonics Tutoiral. Questions. Teacher: Mrs. Zimmerman. Plate Tectonics and Mountains Practice Test
Teacher: Mrs. Zimmerman Print Close Plate Tectonics and Mountains Practice Test Plate Tectonics Tutoiral URL: http://www.hartrao.ac.za/geodesy/tectonics.html Questions 1. Fossils of organisms that lived
More informationEarth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers.
1 2.2 F e a ture s o f P la te T e c to nic s Earth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers. These layers are the crust, mantle (upper and lower), outer core, and inner core. Crust outer solid
More informationImportant information from Chapter 1
Important information from Chapter 1 Distinguish between: Natural hazard // Disaster // Catastrophe What role does human population play in these categories? Know how to read a Hazard Map, such as Figure
More informationThe Dynamic Earth Section 1. Chapter 3 The Dynamic Earth Section 1: The Geosphere DAY 1
Chapter 3 The Dynamic Earth Section 1: The Geosphere DAY 1 The Earth as a System The Earth is an integrated system that consists of rock, air, water, and living things that all interact with each other.
More informationThe Theory of Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics Objectives Describe how plates move. Explain the features of plate tectonics. Describe the types of plate boundaries and the features that can form and events that can occur at each. The
More informationPLATE TECTONICS REVIEW GAME!!!!
PLATE TECTONICS REVIEW GAME!!!! Name the four layers of the earth - crust - mantle - outer core - inner core Which part of Earth s structure contains tectonic plates? LITHOSPHERE Name one reason why the
More informationBELLRINGER How close a group of measurements are to each other is called. 1. estimation 2. accuracy 3. precision. 0% 0% 0% 0% 4.
BELLRINGER How close a group of measurements are to each other is called 1. estimation 2. accuracy 3. precision 0% 0% 0% 0% 4. percent error estimation accuracy precision percent error Inside Earth Chapter
More informationTHE DYNAMIC EARTH NOTES. Scientists divide the Earth into 4 parts or spheres. What are these spheres?
Hon Environmental Science THE DYNAMIC EARTH NOTES. Scientists divide the Earth into 4 parts or spheres. What are these spheres? 1. geosphere 2. atmosphere 3. hydrosphere 4. biosphere Now, describe each
More informationEarthquakes Modified
Plate Tectonics Earthquakes Modified Recall that the earth s crust is broken into large pieces called. These slowly moving plates each other, each other, or from each other. This causes much on the rocks.
More informationSAC Geography Form 2 Chapter 3: Plate Tectonics Topic 3: Plate Movement
What causes an earthquake? Plate movement causes pressure to build up along faults, or breaks, in the earth's crust. When the rocks cannot take any more pressure, the rock layers shift and an earthquake
More informationPlate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth
Plate Tectonics Structure of the Earth The Earth can be considered as being made up of a series of concentric spheres, each made up of materials that differ in terms of composition and mechanical properties.
More information1. What is Wegener s theory of continental drift? 2. What were the 4 evidences supporting his theory? 3. Why wasn t Wegener s theory excepted?
Notebook 7a and 7b Objective (left-side): Students will be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to make predictions about plate interactions. Mapping Reflection 1. What is Wegener
More informationFORCES ON EARTH UNIT 3.2. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth.
FORCES ON EARTH UNIT 3.2 An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. USE THESE NOTES: OUR HOME PLANET EARTH: What do you know about our planet? SO.HOW
More informationEarth Systems Science Chapter 7. Earth Systems Science Chapter 7 11/11/2010. Seismology: study of earthquakes and related phenomena
Earth Systems Science Chapter 7 I. Structure of the Earth II. Plate Tectonics The solid part of the earth system includes processes, just like the atmosphere and oceans. However, the time scales for processes
More information1. In the diagram below, letters A and B represent locations near the edge of a continent.
1. In the diagram below, letters A and B represent locations near the edge of a continent. A geologist who compares nonsedimentary rock samples from locations A and B would probably find that the samples
More informationDynamic Crust Practice
1. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section represents the distance and age of ocean-floor bedrock found on both sides
More informationChapter 5 Notes: Plate Tectonics
Chapter 5 Notes: Plate Tectonics Earth s Interior Scientists learn about the interior of Earth in 2 ways o Direct Method Rock Samples Drilling Caves o Indirect Method Seismic Waves Speed of waves and paths
More informationEarth and Space Science Semester 2 Exam Review. Part 1. - Convection currents circulate in the Asthenosphere located in the Upper Mantle.
Earth and Space Science 2015 Semester 2 Exam Review Part 1 Convection -A form of heat transfer. - Convection currents circulate in the Asthenosphere located in the Upper Mantle. - Source of heat is from
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 8 Earthquakes and Earth s Interior 8.1 What Is an Earthquake? Earthquakes An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy
More informationSection 1: The Geosphere
Section 1: The Geosphere Preview Classroom Catalyst Objectives The Earth as a System Discovering Earth s Interior The Composition of the Earth The Structure of the Earth Plate Tectonics Section 1: The
More informationThe Two Types of Crust. Plate Tectonics. Physical Layers of the Earth. The Asthenosphere. The Lithosphere. Chemical Layers of the Earth
Plate Tectonics A Reminder of Earth s Structure Two physical units of Earth that are important too! How the Earth Works Plate Tectonics Plate Boundaries Chemical Layers of the Earth Crust - low density
More information10/27/2014. Before We Begin, You Need to Understand These Terms: Earth s Structural Key Elements & the Hazards of Plate Movement
Earth s Structural Key Elements & the Hazards of Plate Movement Before We Begin, You Need to Understand These Terms: Density Convection Currents AICE EM: Lithosphere Key Content 1 & 2 Density: heat rises,
More informationEarth s Interior. Use Target Reading Skills. Exploring Inside Earth
Plate Tectonics Name Date Class Earth s Interior This section explains how scientists learn about Earth s interior. The section also describes the layers that make up Earth and explains why Earth acts
More informationGeneral Oceanography Geology 105 Expedition 8 Plate Boundaries Beneath the Sea Complete by Thursday at 11:00 PM
General Oceanography Geology 105 Expedition 8 Plate Boundaries Beneath the Sea Complete by Thursday at 11:00 PM Name Expedition Objectives Learn about the types of plate boundaries and their key characteristics
More informationTheory of Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics Theory of Plate Tectonics Lithosphere is made of sections called plates that move around called continental drift Plates move because they float on the asthenosphere Most plates consist
More informationDynamic Earth A B1. Which type of plate boundary is located at the Jordan Fault? (1) divergent (3) convergent (2) subduction (4) transform
Dynamic Earth A B1 1. The edges of most lithospheric plates are characterized by (1) reversed magnetic orientation (2) unusually rapid radioactive decay (3) frequent volcanic activity (4) low P-wave and
More informationWhat is a natural hazard?
What is a natural hazard? Give me a definition not examples These words might help you A natural hazard is a naturally occurring event that might have a negative effect on people or the environment. Location
More informationPlate Tectonics. Chapter 5
Plate Tectonics Chapter 5 Earth s Interior Scientists learn about the interior of Earth in 2 ways Direct Method Rock Samples Drilling Caves Earth s Interior Indirect Method Seismic Waves Speed of waves
More informationTECTONIC PLATES. reflect
reflect Has anyone ever told you to sit still? You may do as you re told, but in truth, you can never really sit still. You have probably already learned that Earth is constantly moving through space,
More informationPhysical Geology Lab. Teacher Check (show your screen to your teacher) Part ONE: Dynamic Earth. Continents Over Time.
Physical Geology Lab Name Hour Part ONE: Dynamic Earth Earth s Structure Name the Layer: The only liquid layer Only a few miles thick (under oceans) Mostly solid iron and nickel Made of hot, semi-solid
More informationEarthquakes. Photo credit: USGS
Earthquakes Earthquakes Photo credit: USGS Pancaked Building - 1985 Mexico City Earthquakes don t kill people - buildings do! An earthquake is the motion or trembling of the ground produced by sudden displacement
More informationLayer Composition Thickness State of Matter
Unit 4.2 Test Review Earth and Its Layers 1. Label the layers of the earth. oceanic crust continental crust lithosphere asthenosphere mantle outer core inner core 2. Complete the Following Table about
More informationName Class Date. 1. What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?. a. core b. lithosphere c. asthenosphere d. mesosphere
Name Class Date Assessment Geology Plate Tectonics MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. 1. What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?. a. core b. lithosphere
More information4 Layers of the earth 7 main plates of the earth 3 main plate boundaries 2 types of crust 3 main features of plate tectonics 3 main theorists and
4 Layers of the earth 7 main plates of the earth 3 main plate boundaries 2 types of crust 3 main features of plate tectonics 3 main theorists and theories Human interaction The Earth is made up of 3 main
More informationFORCES ON EARTH. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth.
FORCES ON EARTH An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. GEOLOGY Geologists scientists who study the forces that make and shape the Earth Geologists
More informationFormation of the Earth and Solar System
Formation of the Earth and Solar System a. Supernova and formation of primordial dust cloud. NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS b. Condensation of primordial dust. Forms disk-shaped nubular cloud rotating counterclockwise.
More informationI. Earth s Layers a. Crust: Earth s outside layer. Made of mostly rock. i. Continental: er; made of mostly granite, forms the continents and shallow
I. Earth s Layers a. Crust: Earth s outside layer. Made of mostly rock. i. Continental: er; made of mostly granite, forms the continents and shallow sea beds, floats! ii. Oceanic: er; dense rock such as
More informationUNIT - 7 EARTHQUAKES
UNIT - 7 EARTHQUAKES WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE An earthquake is a sudden motion or trembling of the Earth caused by the abrupt release of energy that is stored in rocks. Modern geologists know that most earthquakes
More informationYanbu University College. General Studies Department. PHSC001 Course. Chapter9 (Basic Geology: Earthquakes and volcanoes ) Worksheet Solutions
Yanbu University College General Studies Department PHSC001 Course Chapter9 (Basic Geology: Earthquakes and volcanoes ) Worksheet Solutions Phsc001 worksheet9 solutions, yuc Page 1-6 Chapter 9 worksheet
More informationPlate Tectonics. Earth has distinctive layers - Like an onion
Plate Tectonics Earth has distinctive layers - Like an onion Earth s Interior Core: Metallic (Iron, Nickel) Inner (hot, solid, dense, Iron, Nickel) Outer (cooler, liquid, less dense) Crust (outermost layer):
More informationEarthquakes = shaking of Earth because of a rapid release of energy
There are more than 30,000 earthquakes worldwide each year! Earthquakes = shaking of Earth because of a rapid release of energy usually because of movement of tectonic plates Most earthquakes last for
More informationAIM: What are the features of Earthquakes and where are they located? Do Now: What are some words that are associated with earthquakes?
Notepack # 11 November 8, 201 AIM: What are the features of Earthquakes and where are they located? Do Now: What are some words that are associated with earthquakes? What are Earthquakes? The shaking or
More informationPlate Tectonics. By Destiny, Jarrek, Kaidence, and Autumn
Plate Tectonics By Destiny, Jarrek, Kaidence, and Autumn .The Denali Fault and San Andreas Fault - The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1300 km (810 miles) through
More informationES Ch 19 Earthquakes 1
Chapter 19 - Earthquakes Objectives 1. Define stress vs. strain as they apply to rocks. 2. Define faults. 3. Contrast types of seismic waves-3 types according to their type of movement, speed, location
More informationUNIT 6 PLATE TECTONICS
UNIT 6 PLATE TECTONICS CONTINENTAL DRIFT Alfred Wegner proposed the theory that the crustal plates are moving over the mantle. He argued that today s continents once formed a single landmass, called Pangaea
More informationNatural Disasters Spring, LECTURE #8: Earthquake Disasters: Monitoring & Mitigation. Date: 1 Feb 2018 (lecturer: Dr.
GEOL 0820 Ramsey Natural Disasters Spring, 2018 LECTURE #8: Earthquake Disasters: Monitoring & Mitigation Date: 1 Feb 2018 (lecturer: Dr. Shawn Wright) I. Exam I - Reminder Feb 6 th next class details:
More information1. A model of Earth's internal structure is shown below.
1. A model of Earth's internal structure is shown below. Analysis of which type of data led to the development of this model? A) seismic waves B) depth of Earth's oceans C) electromagnetic radiation D)
More information1 Inside the Earth. What are the layers inside Earth? How do scientists study Earth s interior?
CHAPTER 7 1 Inside the Earth SECTION Plate Tectonics BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What are the layers inside Earth? How do scientists study
More informationFeatures of Tectonic Plates
Features of Tectonic Plates PowerPoint 12.2 The Earth s Layers Crust Brittle Continental crust composed mainly of granite Oceanic crust composed mainly of basalt Mantle Denser than the crust Upper is molten
More informationRecall Hypsometric Curve?
Structure of the Earth (Why?) Recall Hypsometric Curve? Continental crust is very different from oceanic crust. To understand this, we need to know more about the structure & composition of Earth. But
More informationName: Date: Per. Plate Tectonics Study Guide (Ch. 5)
Name: Date: Per. Plate Tectonics Study Guide (Ch. 5) 1. Fill in the Chart about heat Transfer Types Description Examples Where it takes place Radiation Sun s rays reaching earth Heat Transfer between objects
More informationQuestion #1 Assume that the diagram below shows a cross section of part of the lithosphere.
Name: Class: Date: Question #1 Assume that the diagram below shows a cross section of part of the lithosphere. Which diagram correctly shows what will happen to the lithosphere when pushed by tectonic
More informationPlate Tectonics 22/12/2017
Map of the tectonic plates. Plate Tectonics In 1912 the meteorologist Alfred Wegener independently developed what he called continental drift, (expanded in his 1915 book The Origin of Continents and Oceans).
More informationWhy does the Earth have volcanoes? Why is there Earthquakes?
Why does the Earth have volcanoes? Why is there Earthquakes? Turn to your neighbor and review: How and when did the Earth form? How old are the first traces of life on Earth? Logical? * 1.5Ga (1 st multicellular
More informationDynamic Earth Quiz. 4. The accompanying diagram shows some features of Earth s crust and upper mantle.
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS Dynamic Earth Quiz DO NOT WRITE ON THIS 1. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below. The diagram shows a model of the relationship between Earth s surface
More informationLearning Objectives (LO)! Lecture 11: Plate Tectonics II! No Homework!! ** Chapter 3 **! What we ll learn today:!
Learning Objectives (LO)! Lecture 11: Plate Tectonics II! No Homework!! ** Chapter 3 **! What we ll learn today:! 1. List the three types of tectonic plate boundaries! 2. Describe the processes occurring
More informationMAR110 Lecture #5 Plate Tectonics-Earthquakes
1 MAR110 Lecture #5 Plate Tectonics-Earthquakes Figure 5.0 Plate Formation & Subduction Destruction The formation of the ocean crust from magma that is upwelled into a pair of spreading centers. Pairs
More informationplate tectonics review #2
plate tectonics review #2 Score: 1. Solid due to high pressure mantle inner core outer core crust 2. why is oceanic crust younger than continental crust subduction reduction mountain building plasticity
More informationFull file at
Chapter 2 PLATE TECTONICS AND PHYSICAL HAZARDS MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. What direction is the Pacific Plate currently moving, based on the chain of Hawaiian Islands with only the easternmost island
More informationCHAPTER 9. Basics Of geology: earthquakes & volcanoes
161 CHAPTER 9 Basics Of geology: earthquakes & volcanoes CHAPTER s Objectives To introduce the theory of one supercontinent To discuss the clues and proofs that support the theory of one supercontinent
More informationContinental Drift to Plate Tectonics: From Hypothesis to Theory
Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics: From Hypothesis to Theory 1 Key Understandings Internal structure of the earth/structure of the crust. Difference between continental drift & plate tectonics. Evidence
More informationName Date Class. radiate in all directions, carrying some of the. of plate boundaries have different usual patterns of.
Chapter Outline Earthquakes CHAPTER 6 Lesson 1: Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries A. What is an earthquake? 1. A(n) is the rupture and sudden movement of rocks along a fault. A fault is a fracture surface
More informationGeologists are scientists who study Earth. They want to
What Is Inside Earth? Figure 1 Over time, the Grand Canyon in Arizona was carved out by the flowing water of the Colorado River. We can see that Earth s surface is constantly changing. But what is happening
More informationThe Theory of Continental Drift. Continental Drift Discovery
The Theory of Continental Drift Continental Drift Discovery The World ALFRED WEGENER THEORY OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT Found evidence for PANGAEA and proposed the theory of continental drift. Continental Drift
More informationTopic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice
Name: Topic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice 1. Earth s outer core is best inferred to be A) liquid, with an average density of approximately 4 g/cm 3 B) liquid, with an average density of approximately 11
More informationExploring Inside the Earth
Plate Tectonics Exploring Inside the Earth Geologists have used evidence from rock samples and evidence from seismic waves to learn about Earth s interior. Geologists are scientists who study the forces
More informationIn order to study Plate Tectonics, we must first
TB Chapter 13 In order to study Plate Tectonics, we must first reorganize our layering system for the Earth: Old System 4 layers Crust (rigid) id) (rigid) Mantle (putty like) (semi rigid) Outer core (liquid)
More informationPlate Tectonics. The Theory of Plate Tectonics. The Plate Tectonics Theory. 62 Plate Tectonics Reading Essentials
CHAPTER 4 LESSON 3 Tectonics The Theory of Tectonics Key Concepts What is the theory of plate tectonics? What are the three types of plate boundaries? Why do tectonic plates move? What do you think? Read
More informationPlate Tectonics: The New Paradigm
Earth s major plates Plate Tectonics: The New Paradigm Associated with Earth's strong, rigid outer layer: Known as the lithosphere Consists of uppermost mantle and overlying crust Overlies a weaker region
More informationTheory of Continental Drift
Plate Tectonics Theory of Continental Drift Alfred Wegener suggested that continents had once been part of a supercontinent named Pangaea, that later broke up. The pieces moved apart over millions of years
More informationEarth, the Lively* Planet. * not counting the life on the planet!
Earth, the Lively* Planet * not counting the life on the planet! What We Will Learn Today What are planet Earth s features? What processes shape planetary surfaces? How does Earth s surface move? How did
More informationContinental Drift and Plate Tectonics
Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined to form a single supercontinent. Wegener proposed that the
More informationb. atomic mass H What is the density of an object with a volume of 15cm 3 and a mass of 45g?
Name Period Date Earth Science Midterm Review 2015-2016 Quarter 1 Review Assign #1 Basic Chemistry An atom is a basic chemical building block of matter. An atom consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
More information