GIS-based Smart Campus System using 3D Modeling

Transcription

1 GIS-based Smart Campus System using 3D Modeling Smita Sengupta GISE Advance Research Lab. IIT Bombay, Powai Mumbai , India

2 Concept of Smart Campus System Overview of IITB Campus An area of over-500 acre with more than 10,000 population. It has a rich geography (natural, man-made) where continuous changes and newer investments are happening General Concept To integrate demands and responses from environment, community, administrators and planners by employing smart sensor devices and GIS based computing platforms. To deploy technologies which are based on standards that support inter-operability in integrated manner, which will make an ideal platform for planning, monitoring facilities, resources, security, etc. To develop a model solution for communities, campuses, and cities for GIS-based operations management and planning. To develop a platform for research, technology development, innovation, infrastructure building, modernization, and education within IITB collaboratively across the departments January 25, 2011 January 25,

3 Application Architecture

4 Smart Campus Layers January 25,

5 Overview of 3D GIS What is 3D? Adding third dimension i.e. height (z co-ordinate) to two dimensional (x & y co-ordinates) plane or feature creates a 3D (three dimensional) What is 3D GIS? 3D GIS inherits strongly from 2D GIS yet it has its own unique characteristics. 3D GIS includes terrain visualization, cityscape modeling, or virtual reality and analysis of complex spatial data. The main components of a 3D GIS are: 3D Data Capture, 3D Visualization and 3D Modeling and Management. Why 3D GIS? 3D GIS unremarkably combines abstraction with realism Can be used in location based services systems, pedestrian and car routing systems, urban planning, police/army training simulators and others January 25,

6 Work-Flow of 3D GIS 3D CITY GIS 3D INFORMATION MODEL TECHNOLOGIES USERS 3D city information modeling exploration through 3D navigating and querying is particularly crucial since its purpose is to extract the relevant information in the available data. In a 3D world, high-density infrastructure and data volume make this challenging. January 25,

7 Suggested Areas of Application of 3D GIS Ecological Studies Civil Engineering Urban Mapping Automatic Vehicle Navigation Environment monitoring Mining Exploration Landscape Planning Archeology Geological Analysis Hydrographic Surveying Architecture Marine Biology January 25,

8 Tool Used Proprietary ArcGIS: Desktop GIS having many functionalities supporting shapefiles. Autodesk Map:3D CAD mapping software which bridges CAD and GIS. Open Source Google SketchUp: SketchUp is a 3D modeling tool, designed for professional architects, civil engineers, filmmakers, game developers, and related professions. Google Earth: 3D interactive earth browser Autodesk GML Viewer: Interactive, real-time visualization system, that allows to effectively load, explore, and edit large 3D city models based on CityGML. VRML Viewer: VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language) viewer. Plug-in/Tools KML plug-in for ArcGIS: Export Shape files from ArcGIS to Google Earth into KML format Arc to SketchUp plug-in: Export Shape files to Google SketchUp for 3D modeling Shape to KML plug-in: Convert Shape files into KML and KMZ formats. SketchUp CityGML plug-in: Convert SketchUp models into CityGML format. Valid GML converter: Convert the non-valid CityGML models to valid CityGML format. January 25,

9 3D Modeling 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical and geometrical representation of any three-dimensional object. 3D models represent a 3D object using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines, curved surfaces, etc. forming a structure called as Mesh. The surfaces of a 3D object help define the area or volume occupied by the object. The surfaces of the mesh are usually represented by 3 or 4 sided polygons (triangles or rectangles). 3D modeling includes modeling of terrain, land parcels, building footprints, etc. by giving them elevation or height factor i.e. third dimension. January 25,

10 Work Flow of 3D Modeling January 25,

11 Workflows of Conversion of shapefiles into Final 3D Model January 25,

12 Conversion of SketchUp Model into Markup Language Formats (CityGML) Google SketchUp (.skp Model) SketchUp CityGML Plugin KML Key Hole Markup Language Non Valid CityGML format 3D Models are in Local Co-ordinate system VRML Virtual Reality Markup Language GML Geography Markup Language CityGML Converter Valid CityGML format Degree 3 Data Manager 3D Models are converted into World Co-ordinate system WPVS Backend

13 City GML (Geography Markup Language) What is CityGML? A common information model for the representation of 3D urban objects. Defines the classes and relations for the most relevant topographic objects in cities and regional models. In respect to their geometrical, topological, semantical and appearance properties Allows generalization hierarchies between thematic classes, aggregations, relations between objects, and spatial properties. Helps to employ virtual 3D city models for sophisticated analysis tasks in different application domains An open data model and XML-based format for the storage and exchange of virtual 3D city models. An application schema for the Geography Markup Language 3 (GML3), the extendible international standard for spatial data exchange issued by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and the ISO TC211. January 25,

14 3D Modeling Level of Details (LOD) In a 3D city model, the main objects that can be modeled are the following: ground, buildings, transportation network, bodies of water, city furniture, electric/power lines, and vegetation objects. A suitable capture technique is needed for each of these object classes. The technique is related to the LOD (level of detail), the reference to the CityGML taxonomy to define the modeling specification is used. CityGML defines five levels of detail numerated from zero to four :- LOD 0:- 2.5 D digital terrain model LOD 1:- Block model comprising buildings structure (Height Data) LOD 2:- Differentiated roof structures and textures. LOD 3:- Architectural models with detailed wall and roof structures, detailed vegetation and transportation objects. LOD 4:- LOD3 model + adding interior structures for 3D objects. For example, buildings are composed of rooms, interior doors, stairs, and furniture. The five levels of detail (LOD) defined by CityGML (source: IGG Uni Bonn) January 25,

15 IIT B Campus on Google Earth & Demarcated Roads January 25,

16 LoD1 building data set of the IITB Campus (Overall 3D model of IIT Bombay) January 25,

17 Exported Layers to Google Sketchup & Modifying Building Architecture & Height January 25,

18 Editing the building layer in Google SketchUp (adding information and height data) January 25,

19 LoD2 LoD3 and LoD4 model of the KReSIT ( in Google SketchUp) January 25,

20 Wire Frame Model (Indoor Structures) January 25,

21 Future Work The further work of the Smart Campus is to develop a Building Indoor Navigation System for effective evacuation in situation of fire and other dangers. The system will be an evacuation simulator to help make certain decisions regarding building layout and fire protection system. Given building occupation details and exit points, the simulator will plan various evacuation strategies, paths and schedules. It will includes an integrated user interface and 3D results visualization which will allows to evaluate the evacuation models more quickly by producing graphs showing collection of vertices or 'nodes' (a room or a lab) and a collection of edges that connect pairs of vertices (corridors, stair cases etc.). The proposed 3D GIS data model will be integrated with current GIS functions for storing and retrieving spatial data in 2D. for implementing 3D spatial queries using new spatial indexing methods and building a Node Network. The system will work on Shortest Path Algorithm. Optimal path searching algorithms can be applied to the network problems in 3-D space. January 25,

22 Thank You!