Supplementary Materials: The Applied Software KalypsoNA and KalypsoHydrology

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1 Water 2017, 9, 71; di: /w S1 f S6 Supplementary Materials: The Applied Sftware KalypsNA and KalypsHydrlgy Sandra Hellmers and Peter Fröhle 1. Intrductin The published article presents methds t integrate lcal scale drainage measures (LSDM) in catchment mdelling. The implementatin f these methds is dne in the cmputatin cde f the semi distributed rainfall runff mdel (RRM) KalypsNA and the User Interface (UI) KalypsHydrlgy. The cmputatin cde is written in FORTRAN and the UI is written in JAVA. FORTRAN is ne f the prgramming languages used fr scientific and numerical cmputing and supprts e.g., cmplex data structures. JAVA cntains standardized and platfrm independent cnstructs fr creating user interfaces and applicatin packages (e.g., GIS applicatins). KalypsNA is a hydrlgic mdel fr the simulatin f the land based water balances in catchments and has been enhanced t include the differentiated descriptin f LSDM in the frm f verlay data bjects. The hydrlgical mdel supprts the simulatin f surface runff, precipitatin, snw, evaptranspiratin, evapratin frm water surfaces, sil misture, interflw, base flw, 1D grundwater flw prcesses, etc. A majr issue fr the mdel applicatin in practice is a UI supprting the data management and the imprt f spatial data. The presented RRM in this paper is part f the pen surce prject Kalyps which cmprises a set f applicatins and client specific develpments based n Java technlgy (e.g, see Figure S1). It is develped accrding t mdern infrmatin and cmmunicatin technlgies (ICT): WMS, WFS Client, WPS Server, GML (GML = Gegraphy Markup Language) 3 Parser, Time Series Service, Reprt Service [1]. The applicatin is available n the pen surce applicatins and sftware directry: SurceFrge.net [2]. Figure S1. Kalyps mdules fr water management and fld risk mdelling [3]. The Kalyps applicatins include mdelling systems in the areas f rainfall runff mdelling (KalypsHydrlgy), hydraulic mdelling (Kalyps1D/2D), ec mrphlgical mdelling, fld frecasting, fld inundatin mdelling (KalypsFld), fld risk assessment (KalypsRisk) and the evacuatin mdelling f flded areas (KalypsEvacuatin). The mdules are prvided with a strng functinality n spatial gegraphical infrmatin system (GIS) analysis, time series management and data prcessing features. These are imprtant functinalities in recent data management practice and sftware applicatin. 2. Data Management in the User Interface Since KalypsHydrlgy Versin 13 the user is supprted t build up a mdel via wrkflw. Multiple layer elements like LSDM are defined in prfile tables and layer setup definitins. A mdular setup f multiple layer elements is enabled. Sme predefined standard setups illustrate the usability as shwn in the Figures S2 and S3.

2 Water 2017, 9, 71; di: /w S2 f S6 The fllwing parameters are defined per verlay type, whereas ptinal parameters are marked with (*): Hydrlgical sil parameters (e.g., Figure S2): Wilting pint (mm) Field capacity (mm) Maximum pre vlume (mm) Hydraulic cnductivity (mm/d) Initial sil misture (mm) * (Alternatively the initial sil misture may be calculated frm cntinuus lng term simulatins) Drainage parameters (e.g., Figure S3): Layer thickness (dm) Pipe diameter f the utlet (mm) * Rughness (mm) * Lngest flw path (m) * Gradient f the structure (%) * Overflw crest height (mm) * Index f the cupled sil layer ( ) * Area drained per utlet (m 2 ) * Layer sealing (Yes/N) * The fllwing parameters are ptinally replaced per verlay data bject: Vegetatin type parameters (mnthly set parameters) * Crp factr ( ) Interceptin strage (mm) Rt depth (mm) Landuse type parameters* Sealing rate (%) Maximum grundwater recharge rate (mm) KalypsHydrlgy supprts a GIS based data management and basic GIS based functins (e.g., intersectin f shape files). An example is illustrated in Figure S4. Figure S2. Hydrlgical sil parameters.

3 Water 2017, 9, 71; di: /w S3 f S6 Figure S3. Wrkflw f KalypsHydrlgy and parameter setup fr multiple layer elements (e.g., LSDM). Figure S4. GIS based data management and prcessing functins (e.g., creatin f hydrtps via intersectin f shape files).

4 Water 2017, 9, 71; di: /w S4 f S6 Different kinds f the same verlay type may be created with tls in KalypsHydrlgy r defined in shape files as plygn themes and imprted in the mdel. Accrding t the needs f city planners different designs f the same decentralized measure are t be mdelled within ne sub catchment. The implemented functins enable the imprt f the gegraphical lcatin and area f diverse LSDM designs f the same type within the same sub catchment: e.g., extensive green rfs, intensive green rfs, cisterns with rainwater harvesting attributes f detached huses and cisterns with rainwater harvesting attributes f administratin buildings. The descriptin f the data input and the data handling is shwn in Figure S5. Figure S5. Different verlay data types with similar drainage functinality but different setup can be defined and imprted as shape files. Selected different types (e.g., different green rf setups: heavy green rf design, light green rf design 1 and light green rf design 2) are marked in the map by activating the LSDM type in the list. 3. Explicit Netwrk Generatin in the User Interface The netwrk structure is created with algrithms t check any clsed lps and creates the respective ASCII files required fr the executin f the cmputatin cde. The netwrk structure explicitly defines the rder f elements in the mdel. The rder is given accrding t the river strands. Additinal virtual ndes and strands are added t the netwrk structure n the fly t fulfil the explicit rder. Each strand is defined with ne start and ne end nde. Spatial elements n the mes scale (e.g., sub catchments) and n the lcal scale (e.g., LSDM) are defined ptinally and linked t strands. The implementatin f the methdlgy in Kalyps Versin 13 has been dne in cperatin with Björnsen Cnsulting Engineers [1]. The created netwrk fulfils the fllwing requirements: Strands always have ne start and ne end nde. Sub catchments always are linked t strands and drain t ne defined dwnstream nde. The lcatin f a sub catchment in the netwrk plan is explicitly defined by the strand. Ndes are water distributin and cntrl elements. Ndes may drain t any element e.g., t strands, catchments r ther ndes. Several ndes may drain int ne ther nde. 4. Cde Implementatin f Multiple Linked Lcal Scale Elements The cmputatin cde KalypsNA (versin [4]) has been revised t supprt the functinality f multiple linked lcal scale elements. The netwrk in the hydrlgic mdel used t describe the runff cncentratin frm upstream t dwnstream sectins in a river system cnsists f sub catchments, drainage strands and drainage ndes. The explicit cmputatin is dne via element by element, starting with the upstream hydrlgical element. The numerical calculatin f each element is perfrmed ver all time steps befre the next element dwnstream is calculated. In this way, the verall results f all upstream elements are available fr any cmputatin prcedures f dwnstream netwrk elements. The cmputatin cde has been enhanced t apply derived data types which can cnsist f data bjects f different types. This implementatin was required t recrd intermediate results and attributes f the netwrk elements n the different spatial and tempral

5 Water 2017, 9, 71; di: /w S5 f S6 scales and t implement the methd f intercnnectins presented in the methdlgy f the published main article in Sectin 3.2. An additinal implemented feature is the uptake and redistributin functin f water between data bject types (here: ndes, verlays, sub catchments). Spatial elements (e.g., sub catchments) are defined as nn linear reservirs draining water t receiving rivers. This apprach is enhanced by additinal water uptake and redistributin functins. If a spatial mes scale r lcal scale data type bject has the attribute t distribute water t anther spatial data bject, the explicit netwrk generatin derives additinal cnnectrs t stre the water in a s called redistributin nde f the receiving spatial data bject (see Sectin 2 in the main article). Accrding t the explicit netwrk cmputatin, several elements may distribute the water by a given percentage t any element via redistributin ndes. 5. Cde Implementatin f Multiple Interlinked Micr Scale Layers The cmputatin f the hydrlgical prcesses in multiple linked layers within lcal scale data bjects (here: verlays) is implemented with the methd described in Sectin 3.3 f the main article. Fr each spatial data bject type n the lcal scale (e.g., LSDM) the sil misture balance equatins are slved with the presented cmputatin lps in Figure 5 f the main article. The cmputatin results (e.g., surface runff, interflw, surface runff, evapratin, etc.) are aggregated per time step and per spatial data bject n the mes scale. 6. Applicatin Studies The RRM KalypsNA and KalypsHydrlgy with the functinality t simulate the hydrlgic behaviur f different types f LSDM in a catchment mdel has been applied and is cntinuusly ptimised during recent applicatin prjects and case studies. The first applicatin case study was dne fr a small urban catchment in Garfrth, West Yrkshire in England. The fcus was set n credible water balance cmputatins f LSDM and first results have been presented in Hellmers et al. [5,6]. The implementatin in the cmputatin cde has been enhanced in the secnd case study f the Krückau catchment area (274 km 2 ) in Nrth Germany t analyse the effectiveness f green rfs, swales and swale filter drain systems [7 9]. The utcmes shwed prmising results t mitigate the fld peak discharges in small urban catchments. The third case study fcused n the urban Wandse catchment (88 km 2 ) in Hamburg, Germany. This case study was analysed in detail within the German Research Prject KLIMZUG NORD. The mdel was enhanced t supprt a GIS based imprt functin f verlays and the definitin f different LSDM types per sub catchment [10]. Further n, the mdule KalypsHydrlgy was enhanced with the functinality t drain the exceedance water frm ne element t anther. The mdule was applied within the verall Kalyps applicatins fr fld risk management: KalypsHydrlgy, KalypsWSPM, KalypsFld and KalypsRisk. The results demnstrate the ptential t mitigate the fld risk and related damage csts (in /a) f specific fld events (see [3]). In the prject KLEE ( ) ( Adaptin t climate change in the Este catchment ) a detailed integrated apprach fr the Este River was develped, which cvers the cmplete catchment and aims t mitigate prjected effects frm climate change impacts. Here, the effectiveness f LSDM is analysed n a reginal scale apprach fr the verall catchment (365 km 2 ). The results f this prject pinted ut that the effectiveness f LSDM t mitigate fld peak discharges depends highly n the catchment characteristics [11]. References 1. Björnsen Cnsulting Engineers GmbH. Kalyps; Available nline: php?id=382&l=1 (accessed n 8 August 2016). 2. Björnsen Cnsulting Engineers GmbH and Institute f River & Castal Engineering (TU Hamburg). Kalyps; Available nline: surcefrge.net/prjects/kalyps (accessed n 8 August 2016). 3. Hellmers, S.; Manjlvić, N.; Palmariccitti, G.; Kurzbach, S.; Fröhle, P. Multiple linked sustainable drainage systems in hydrlgical mdelling fr urban drainage and fld risk management. J. Fld Risk Manag. 2015, di: /jfr

6 Water 2017, 9, 71; di: /w S6 f S6 4. Institute f River & Castal Engineering (TU Hamburg). KalypsNA; Available nline: harburg.de/ (accessed n 8 August 2016). 5. Pasche, E.; Manjlvic, N.; Brüning, C.; Behzadnia, N.; Hellmers, S. Hydrlgic Sensitivity Analysis Cntributin t assessment f efficiency f SUDS in small urban catchments. In Prceedings f the 33rd Internatinal Assciatin f Hydraulic Engineering & Research n Water Engineering fr Sustainable Envirnment, Vancuver, BC, Canada, 9 14 August Hellmers, S. Sustainable Cncepts f Urban Drainage in the UK and Assessment Methds f Their Effectiveness; Prject Wrk at the Institute f River and Castal Engineering: Hamburg, Germany, 2008; In Cperatin with the University f Sheffield, England. 7. Hellmers, S. Hydrlgical Impacts f Climate Change n Fld Prbability in Small Urban Catchments and Pssibilities f Fld Risk Mitigatin. Hamburger Wasserbau Schriften Band Available nline: schriften/wasserbauschrift_band13.pdf (accessed n 10 September 2016). 8. Hellmers, S.; Pasche, E. Hydrlgische Wirkungsanalyse des Klimawandels und Anpassungsmaßnahmen auf der Grundlage vn hchaufgelösten Klimadaten. In Hydrlgie & Wasserwirtschaft Vn der Therie zur Praxis: Beiträge zum Tag der Hydrlgie am 24./25. März 2011; Blöschl, G., Merz, R., Eds.: Frum für Hydrlgie und Wasserbewirtschaftung: Wien, Austria, 2011; Vlume Hellmers, S.; Pasche, E. Quantificatin f climate change impacts n fld prbability in urban areas and adaptatin measures using climate mdel data with a high spatial reslutin and a semi distributed rainfall runff mdel. In Prceedings f the Exhibitin and Internatinal Cnference n Climate Impact, Fld Prtectin and Hydraulic Engineering, Hamburg, Germany, Octber 2011; Acqua Alta, Ed.: Hamburg, Germany, Hellmers, S.; Belger, G.; Fröhle, P. Mapping f multiple linked green infrastructure systems in rainfall runff mdels. In Prceedings f the 12th Internatinal Cnference n Hydrscience & Engineering: Hydr Science and Engineering fr Envirnmental Resilience, Tainan, Taiwan, 6 10 Nvember 2016; NCKU, Ed.: Tainan, Taiwan, KLEE Verbund. Perspektiven für die Este vn Mrgen Bausteine für die Anpassung an den Klimawandel Available nline: este.de/wp cntent/uplads/2013/05/klee_perspektiven Este_2016_nline.pdf (accessed n 10 September 2016).