Technology, NTNU, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway,

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1 Experience from field campaigns in the Arctic and Norwegian coastal areas using ships and underwater platforms for environmental mapping and monitoring Asgeir J. Sørensen 1, Martin Ludvigsen 1, Øyvind Ødegård 1, Geir Johnsen 2, Jørgen Berge 3 and Terje Thorsnes 4 1 Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems (NTNU AMOS), Department of Marine Technology, NTNU, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway, asgeir.sorensen@ntnu.no, martin.ludvigsen@ntnu.no, oyvind.odegard@ntnu.no 2 Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems (AMOS), Department of Biology, NTNU, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway, and University Centre on Svalbard (UNIS), geir.johnsen@ntnu.no 3 Department for Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø NORWAY and University Centre on Svalbard (UNIS), jorgen.berge@uit.no 4 Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), P.O. box 6315 Sluppen NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway, Terje.Thorsnes@NGU.NO ReCAMP Flagship Workshop, 5 6 April 2016, Tromsø, Norway Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems - NTNU AMOS 1

2 Content Managing the oceans and the Arctic Integrated technology platforms for ocean space research Examples from field campaigns: mapping and monitoring of the ocean space and the Arctic Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems - NTNU AMOS 2

3 Sustainability by a holistic approach If you can measure you can manage : Politics, regulations, social acceptance, ethics, accept criteria, standards, certification Managing the oceans and Arctic Education Research Knowledge Visualization ( seeing is believing ) Knowledge creation Modelling Caring for Planet Ocean Measurements Global Challenges Value creation Shipping New transport routes in the Arctic Fisheries and aquaculture Oil and gas Marine minerals Offshore renewable energy Bio prospecting Tourism Sørensen, Mauritzen, Johnsen and Ludvigsen The humanity is facing increasing global challenges such as global warming, deteriorating ecosystems, population explosion and lack of energy, food, water and minerals Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems - NTNU AMOS 3

4 NTNU AUR-Lab and UAV-Lab: Integrated technology platform for ocean space research Air: Penguin B fixed-wing UAV X8 fixed-wing UAV Hexa-copters Sea surface: Manned vessel Gunnerus Unmanned vessel Jetyak Underwater: ROV Minerva ROV 30k ROV SEABOTIX AUV Remus 100 HUGIN HUS 2 LAUVs ROV Minerva AUV REMUS 100 at Svalbard Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems - NTNU AMOS 4

5 Coordinated highly autonomous marine operations involving UAS together with marine surface and underwater assets Environmental monitoring, oil spill response, inspection of fisheries, ice monitoring, search and rescue, science and climate research, situation awareness, communication relaying, survey, ship traffic monitoring, inspection of fish farms, offshore wind parks and other assets. Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems - NTNU AMOS 5

6 Sensor platforms and their temporal and spatial resolution and coverage 100years 10years 1year Fixed platforms Satellites 1 month Ships Gliders Time scales 1week 1 day 1 hour UAVs 1 min 1 sec AUVs ROVs 1 mm 1 cm 1 dm 1 m 10 m 100 m 1km 10km 100 km 1000km km Horizontal spatial scales Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems - NTNU AMOS 6

7 Underwater robotics and polar night biology January 2014 and 2015 BIOLOGY - Exploring the frontiers of Arctic marine science using the most advanced solutions within automated underwater platform and sensors TECHNOLOGY Utilizing the polar night as the ultimate challengelaboratory for developing and testing new technologies within automation, underwater robotics and sensors SOCIAL MISSION By providing state-of-the-art & hands-on education for the next generation, we will secure essential insights into questions that so far has prevented a knowledge-based management and exploration of the resources held by the High North incognitum.no/ Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems - NTNU AMOS 7

8 Research Campaign at Svalbard Integrated technology platform for ocean space research Photo: NTNU UAV Lab Sea surface: RV Helmer Hansen Boat Polarsirkel Water column and sea floor: Moorings/lander Water profile sampler ROV Minerva ROV SEABOTIX AUV Remus 100 Photo: NTNU AUR-Lab ROV Minerva Photo: NTNU AUR-Lab AUV REMUS 100 at Svalbard Photo: NTNU AUR-Lab Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems - NTNU AMOS 8

9 Ny-Ålesund Campaign Spatial and temporal resolution and coverage 100years 10years Stationary platforms 1year 1 month Ships 1week 1 day 1 hour ROVs AUVs 1 min 1 sec 1 mm 1 cm 1 dm 1 m 10 m 100 m 1km 10km 100km 1000km km Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems - NTNU AMOS 9

10 The Arctic Mare incognitum incognitum.no: Processes are controlled by ice and light climate Still a lot to learn big knowledge gap in particular during the polar night Source: NSIDC Light climate is unique with large local variations

11 Science Questions How is the effect of light climate on marine ecology processes and organisms? How to measure and characterize the light using underwater platforms and optical sensors? GJ

12 The classical paradigm Absence of light no primary production Biological processes / activity are turned off The polar night is a biological desert

13 The classical perspective Absence of light no primary production Biological processes / activity are turned off The polar night is a biological desert

14 A homogenous polar night? The black circle becomes darker at higher latitudes! Nautical polar night at latitudes >78 N. Defined by the sun below 12 under the horizon. DARK! Civil polar night at latitudes between 72 and 78 N (sun between 6 and 12 under the horizon). Darkish Civil twilight at latitudes between polar circel and 72 N (sun between 0 and 6 under the horizon). Dark? All pictures taken at noon onboard RV Helmer Hanssen mid January 2013

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16 Diel vertical migration of Arctic zooplankton during the polar night 0 Isfjorden Backscatter: New Moon Period 0 Isfjorden Backscatter: Full Moon Period DEPTH (m) DEPTH (m) /01 12/02 12/03 12/04 12/05 12/ /14 12/15 12/16 12/17 12/18 12/19 12/20 LOCAL 15 o E LOCAL 15 o E Vertical Black lines = local sun noon Vertical white lines = local moon meridian

17 The jellyfish Jellyfish Lions and mane indicator a guest of warm from Atlantic the south water an biological marker of Atlantic water GJ

18 Mating Caprellids (Ghost shrimps) Polar night studies Sea floor Full reproduction during the polar night GJ

19 The fish Myoxocephalus scorpius and snail Margarites groenlandicus GJ

20 Life at 20 m depth in Hinlopenstretet GJ

21 Marine Night team Ny Ålesund Jan 2014 Foto: Christopher Engås, Svalbardposten

22 Arctic challenges Harsh, dangerous and remote (good case for autonomous systems!) Reduce logistical footprint Low temperature, low visibility in snow, ice drift, and rapid changing weather are demanding for equipment, deployment boats and personnel Shallow water and arctic areas Ice drift Acoustic navigation (different water layer with varying salinity, mud,..) Navigation Surface for GPS fix, Acoustics (short range), optics, magnetism, Inertial navigation systems (accelerometers, gyros, compass) Under ice Power (batteries) loss due to low temperature Communication (RF, Satellite phone) Payload capacity (sensors, ) Improved autonomy helps as launching and recovery normally are critical operations keep vehicle in operation Next step: Multi-vehicle control - Ships, AUVs and UAVs Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems - NTNU AMOS 22

23 «Polar Dream /18» Exploring the Arctic with RV Kronprins Haakon, Helmer Hansen and Coast Gard demonstrating Norwegian presence and capabilities on polar research, education, innovations and management Demonstrating enabling technologies: o o o o AUVs, ROVs, Gliders, Landers, Drifters/ Buoys, Remote sensing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV) Ships (HH, KH, ) Marine science: Ecosystem, marginal ice zone, ice, oceanography, geology, archeology, climate Management of the Arctic Oceans Visiting the North Pole from Ny-Ålesund and drop the UN flag with a drone (UAV) Partners: UNIS, UiT, NTNU, MARINTEK, UiN, HI, UiB, NGU, Akvaplan- NIVA, NPI, FFI, NORUT, Coast guard (to be confirmed) Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems - AMOS 23

24 AUR Lab FFI, Statoil, NGU, Ecotone, NTNU

25 AUR Lab Research Campaign December 2013 Participants FFI NTNU NGU Ecotone Statoil Sites Re mapping coral reef at Tautra Mapping the extent of the coral reef at Agdenes Mapping the extent of the coral reef at Nord Leksa Mapping the extent of the coral reef at Brekstad Examine erosion/sedimentation of dump site at Agdenes Archaeological survey outside Trondheim harbour

26 NTNU Research Vessel Gunnerus FFI HUGIN HUS NTNU's research vessel, R/V Gunnerus, was put into operation in spring The ship is fitted with a dynamic positioning system and a HiPAP 500 unit, optimal for ROV operations and the positioning of any deployed equipment. The vessel is arranged with wet lab, dry lab and a computer lab in addition to a large aft deck. Accommodation comprise three double berth scientific personnel cabins and three single berth crew cabins. The large mess hall functions as a lecture room for 25 people. The HUGIN system was developed in a collaborative effort by FFI and Kongsberg Maritime, and is used by the offshore survey industry for detailed seabed mapping and data acquisition, and by navies for mine counter measures (MCM) and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR). HUGIN HUS is 0.75 m diameter, 5.3 m long and weighs 980 kg HUGIN HUS was especially designed as a scientific AUV, and primary sensors for this survey were HiSAS 1030 Synthetic Aperture Sonar, a Sub Bottom Echosounder and a B/W Still Camera (nadir)

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30 Photomosaic recorded by ROV Tautra, Trondheim Fjord, 2012 Star Fish: Henricia ROV Path Sea Urchin 10cm Crinoidea Echinus esculentus Sponges (Mycale Lingua) Fish (Sebastes Viviparus) Corals (Lopheila Pertusa)

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32 AUR Lab Research Campaign December 2013 NTNU, FFI, Statoil, NGU, Ecotone