A multi-platform approach to investigate hidden biogeochemical processes off West Africa
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1 A multi-platform approach to investigate hidden biogeochemical processes off West Africa Björn Fiedler GEOMAR Kiel, Germany F. Schütte, P. Silva, I. Monteiro, N. Vieira, D. Grundle, C. Löscher, J. Karstensen, C. Santos, A. Körtzinger July 21, 2015 OCB Summer Workshop, Woods Hole, USA
2 Study Area Coastal Upwelling Dust Deposition OMZ Min. O 2 : ~40 µmol kg -1 Surface ocean chlorophyll a Dust deposition O 2 at 400 m depth
3 Mind the Gap: The Resolution Issue Resolution: Monthly/seasonal, stationary Hydrographic cruises Folie 3
4 Mind the Gap: The Resolution Issue Resolution: Monthly/seasonal, stationary Resolution: Minutes, stationary Long-term mooring, O ~50 m Hydrographic cruises Theoretical oxygen saturation Karstensen et al., BG, 2015 Folie 4
5 Mind the Gap: The Resolution Issue Resolution: Monthly/seasonal, stationary Resolution: Minutes, stationary Resolution: Seconds, high spatial resolution, mobile Hydrographic cruises Long-term mooring, Measurements O ~50 m throughout the water column ( m) 2013 Theoretical oxygen saturation Photo: Teledyne Webb Research 2010 Karstensen et al., BG, 2015 Folie 5
6 Mesoscale Eddies Eddy corridors Schütte et al., in prep. Anticyclonic Mode-Water Eddies: Origin: Mauritanian Upwelling highly isolated water bodies, high organic matter payload intensive subsurface respiration Eddy generating locations Slide 6
7 Dedicated Study: Hunting Eddies Biogeochemistry and Ecology of Oxygen Depleted Eddies in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic: Objectives: locating and surveying a low-o 2 eddy identifying key biogeochemical processes + magnitudes ecosystem response (e.g., vertical + horizontal zooplankton distribution) building capacity Remote Sensing: near-realtime satellite maps for Sea Level Anomaly data (SLA) on cvoo.geomar.de Mission planning for glider survey Glider survey: detection of eddy candidates Mission planning for Islandia survey Islandia survey: Full biogeochemical mapping of an eddy Obtaining first-time in situ data for: O 2, Nutrients, DIC/TA, N 2 /Ar, N 2 O (+isotopes), TOC, DNA, Zooplankton Slide 7
![Eddy Hunt Glider Survey 0 200 Mar-2014 DDepth [m] 2014](/docs-images/90/101610440/images/8-2.jpg "250 500 700 11-Jan 30-Jan 15-Feb 150 100 50 0 DOxygen")
![[µmol kg -1 ] Glider surveys: 2 Gliders in Jan/Feb/Mar](/docs-images/90/101610440/images/8-3.jpg "2014 1 Glider in Mar/Apr 2014 (incl.")
8 Eddy Hunt Glider Survey Mar-2014 DDepth [m] Jan 30-Jan 15-Feb DOxygen [µmol kg -1 ] Glider surveys: 2 Gliders in Jan/Feb/Mar Glider in Mar/Apr 2014 (incl. NO 3 - sensor) Slide 8
9 Eddy Hunt Ship Surveys Figure removed Fiedler et al., in prep. RV Islandia & Meteor surveys: Biogeochemical sampling in- & outside of the eddy Min. O 2 concentration at 100 m: 4.8 µmol kg -1 Mar-2014 Slide 9
10 N-Cycle Figure removed Grundle et al., in prep. Exceptional high N 2 O values in O 2 Minimum Folie 10
11 N-Cycle Figure removed Nitrification Denitrification Clear signatures of active denitrification! Grundle et al., in prep. Löscher et al., in prep. Folie 11
12 Wave Glider (enhancing horizontal resolution) Unmanned surface vehicle, realtime control via satellite Forward thrust by wave motion solar power for operating scientific sensors Rapid response: Eddies, dust events, volcanic eruptions CTD Fluor./Turb. pco 2 O 2 Gas Tension/N2 Wind, air press. & temp. Slide 12
13 Moored Winch/Profiler (enhancing vertical resolution) Satellite-Telemetry Sat-Telemetry: Iridium GPS Remote Control - 0 dbar - 10 dbar Inductive Communication dbar Winde Acoustic Modem (Remote Control) Profiler: Underwater Winch: CTD Inductive Fluor./Turb. Communication pco 2 Winch Profiler O 2 14 days of profiling in early September 2014 (~100 profiles)
14 Summary Summary Observation of several open ocean O 2 anomalies in the vicinity of CVOO, missed by shipborne time series samplings Features only detected by synergetic autonomous observations (mooring + glider) remote sensing + glider surveys used to guide a comprehensive ship survey Eddy results: highly isolated water body ( mesocosm ) very low ph and high nutrient content in the core of the eddy highest N2O conc. in the Atlantic Ocean evidence for open-ocean water column denitrification in the Atlantic hindrance of diurnal zooplankton migration Next Extend autonomous observational capabilities (winch, wave glider) sample eddy at more (earlier) life stages Next Eddy Hunt in spring 2016 CVOO Mesoscale Variability Recent Observations Slide 14
15 Slide 15
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