Biogeochemistry of trace elements and isotopes in the Indian Ocean
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1 Biogeochemistry of trace elements and isotopes in the Indian Ocean Sunil Kumar Singh Geosciences Division Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad Ministry of Earth Sciences Government of India 2 July 2016
2 One of the major discoveries of last decade was the presence of HNLC (High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll) region in world Ocean. The low productivity was found to be a result of deficiency of key trace elements, e.g.: Fe High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll region of the Arabian Sea HNLC Trace elements serve as micronutrients and regulates marine ecosystem dynamics and carbon cycle They serve as paleo-oceanographic tracers
3 GEO-SCIENCES Trace Elements and Isotopes (TEIs) in the Oceans Marine ecosystem dynamics and carbon cycling are regulated by trace elements as they serve as micronutrients. For example, Iron is a well known micronutrient, deficiency of which severely affects photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. The biogeochemical cycling of trace elements, therefore has direct implications to marine carbon cycle, which in turn influences ocean ecosystem dynamics and climate change. The distribution of TEs in the oceans and their depositional fluxes hold clues to productivity variations / climate change. Similarly the abundances and isotope composition (e.g., Nd, Pb, U-Th) of water masses are unique and their records in authigenic deposits can serve as paleo-oceanographic tracers.
4 Important biogeochemical processes in the ocean and the trace metals thought to be fundamental to their action.
5 Existing deep ocean Fe data Fe data is scarce, particularly in the deep ocean, limited understanding of the Fe cycle DataLimited for Fe Stations with Fe concentrations at depths > 2000 m in 2003 (taken from GEOTRACES Science Plan 2006)
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7 Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal Indian Ocean Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal are unique ocean basins High productivity in the Arabian Sea Arabian Sea is a major denitrification / suboxic ocean basin Bay of Bengal is a natural laboratory of river-ocean interactions (water + particulate) Hydrothermal activity Dust Input Distribution of trace elements will be impacted
8 GEOTRACES - India Technological Development Science 8
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14 GEOTRACES - INDIA
15 DFe In Seawater Flow Injection System for determination of Dissolved Fe at ppt level ONLY 5-6 Labs worldwide have capability to measure seawater Fe
16 Sources of Dissolved Fe in the Indian Ocean and productivity Fe from Shelf Remineralisation in OMZ SK SK SK Fe input from Kairei and Edmond vent fields SK Fe from Hydrothermal source OMZ Sub marine volcanism SK SK - 304
17 Estuary: Chemical Reactor REE & Nd: Role of Particulates Narmada Ganga Tapi Mahanadi Godavari Arabian Sea Mandovi Krishna Bay of Bengal
18 18 Hooghly 12 River-normalized Nd 6 4 Krishna Godavari 1 Mahanadi Salinity Dissolved Nd flux : 500 Mg Dust dissolution : 400 Mg Model Estimated Missing Nd: Mg Nd Flux from particles : 5700±2600 Mg
19 Nd as tracer of ocean circulation
20 The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) North eastern Indian acts as conduit between the Indian and the Pacific Ocean ITF transports ~10 million m 3 /s water from Pacific to Indian Ocean Heat Transport of the ITF is 1.09 x10 15 Watt It impacts Indian Ocean Dipole, ENSO and hence the monsoon Limited knowledge of transport of water from Pacific to Indian Ocean Tracking ITF using Nd isotope composition of seawater Water masses in the Andaman Sea
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22 GEOTRACES - INDIA
23 Bay of Bengal
24 Arabian Sea
25 Eastern Indian Ocean
26 Eastern Indian Ocean Indonesian Throghflow Results indicate that Nd (Nd isotope composition) of water can be used to track Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) as the pacific waters have higher Nd Impact of ITF on paleo-monsoon can be assessed using Nd in forams from sediments and corals
27 n i 1 n i 1 n i 1 n i 1 where, f xi ij f ij 1 f ij x i x j f ij Nd i Nd excess j Nd j f ij Nd i Ndi Nd j excess Nd j excess : the fraction of the i th water mass in j th sample, & x j excess Nd j Inverse Model Calculation Nd j Nd j : either potential temperature or salinity of the i th water mass and j th sample, and : excess fraction of dissolved Nd in j th sample over Nd contribution from different water masses, respectively.
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29 Excess Nd and their isotope composition Excess Nd is derived from sinking detrital material or slope sediments
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31 Excess Nd and their isotope composition Dust Flux : 7 g m -2 y -1
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34 Excess Nd and their isotope composition
35 Thanks
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