Acknowledgments Piloting The Art of Navigation p. 3 The Shipboard Navigation Department Organization p. 6 Duties of the Navigator p.

Transcription

1 Foreword p. xiii Acknowledgments p. xv Piloting The Art of Navigation p. 3 The Shipboard Navigation Department Organization p. 6 Duties of the Navigator p. 7 Relationship of the Navigator to the Command Structure p. 8 The Navigator's Staff p. 8 The Piloting Team p. 11 Piloting Team Members p. 11 The Piloting Team Routine p. 17 Conclusion p. 20 The Nautical Chart p. 21 The Terrestrial Coordinate System p. 22 Chart Projections p. 26 Chart Datums p. 32 Chart Interpretation p. 35 Determination of Position, Distance, and Direction on a Mercator Chart p. 37 Production of Nautical Charts p. 42 The Chart Numbering System p. 43 Electronic Charts p. 47 The Chart Correction System p. 49 Radio Broadcast Warnings p. 53 The Navigation Information Network p. 55 Summary p. 56 Navigational Publications p. 57 The DMA Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products p. 57 NOS Nautical Chart Catalogs p. 61 Coast Pilots p. 62 Sailing Directions p. 64 Fleet Guides p. 68 Light List p. 70 List of Lights p. 72 Tide and Tidal Current Tables p. 72 Pilot Charts p. 74 Distances Between Ports, Publication No. 151 p. 74 Almanacs p. 75 Reference Texts and Manuals p. 77 Publication Correction System p. 78 Summary p. 78 Visual Navigation Aids p. 79

2 Characteristics of Lighted Navigation Aids p. 80 Identifying a Navigational Light p. 87 Computing the Visibility of a Light p. 88 Buoys and Beacons p. 98 Use of Buoys and Beacons During Piloting p. 108 Summary p. 109 Navigational Instruments p. 110 The Measurement of Direction p. 110 Measurement of Distance p. 113 Measurement of Speed p. 114 Measurement of Depth p. 117 Plotting Instruments p. 119 Miscellaneous Instruments p. 122 Summary p. 128 Dead Reckoning p. 129 Determining the Fix p. 130 Principles of the Dead Reckoning Plot p. 134 The Running Fix p. 138 The Estimated Position p. 142 The Track p. 143 Summary p. 147 Shipboard Compasses p. 148 The Magnetic Compass p. 148 The Gyrocompass p. 159 The Magnetic Compass Record p. 164 Summary p. 165 Radar p. 166 Characteristics of a Surface-Search/Navigational Radar p. 167 The Radar Output Display p. 168 Interpretation of a Radarscope Presentation p. 171 Use of Radar During Piloting p. 174 Summary p. 176 Tide p. 177 Causes of Tide p. 177 Types of Tides p. 179 Tidal Reference Planes p. 180 Predicting Height of Tide p. 183 Use of the Tide Tables p. 188 The Bridge Problem p. 195 The Shoal Problem p. 197 Summary p. 197

3 Current p. 199 Ocean Current p. 199 Tidal Current p. 201 Use of the Tidal Current Tables p. 208 Wind-driven Currents p. 223 Summary p. 223 Current Sailing p. 224 The Estimated Current Triangle p. 225 Solving the Estimated Current Triangle p. 226 The Estimated Position Allowing for Current p. 227 Determining an EP from a Running Fix p. 228 The Actual Current Triangle p. 230 Summary p. 233 Precise Piloting and Anchoring p. 234 Ship's Handling Characteristics p. 234 Use of Advance and Transfer During Piloting p. 237 Anchoring p. 242 Summary p. 251 Voyage Planning and Introduction to Time p. 252 Time p. 252 The Voyage-Planning Process p. 259 Optimum Track Ship Routing p. 269 Miscellaneous Considerations p. 270 The Navigation Brief p. 273 Summary p. 273 Celestial Navigation Coordinate Systems of Celestial Navigation p. 277 The Earth and the Universe p. 277 The Solar System p. 280 The Moon p. 282 Review of the Terrestrial Coordinate System p. 283 The Celestial Coordinate System p. 284 The Horizon Coordinate System p. 287 The Celestial Triangle p. 289 The Navigational Triangle p. 291 The Circle of Equal Altitude p. 295 Summary p. 300 The Altitude-Intercept Method p. 301 The Altitude-Intercept Method p. 301 The Determination of the Assumed Position, Hc, and Zn p. 306 Plotting the Celestial Line of Position p. 307

4 Summary p. 309 Time p. 310 The Bases of Time p. 310 Time and Longitude p. 314 The Format of a Written Time p. 318 The Time Diagram p. 318 Timing Celestial Observations p. 321 Radio Time Signals p. 325 Summary p. 327 The Marine Sextant p. 329 Characteristics of the Marine Sextant p. 329 Reading the Sextant p. 332 Preparation for Use of the Sextant p. 333 The Techniques of Sextant Altitude Observations p. 336 Care of the Sextant p. 340 Sextant Altitude Corrections p. 340 Summary p. 361 The Complete Solution by the Nautical Almanac and Tables No. 229 p. 363 The Nautical Almanac p. 364 Determining the Local Hour Angle p. 374 Determining the Assumed Latitude p. 376 The Sight Reduction Tables for Marine Navigation, No. 229 p. 377 Summary p. 386 The Complete Solution by the Air Almanac and Tables No. 249 p. 387 The Air Almanac p. 387 Sight Reduction Tables for Air Navigation, No. 249 p. 398 Plotting the Celestial LOP Determined by the Air Almanac and Tables No. 249 p. 405 The Use of Tables No. 249 as a Starfinder p. 408 Summary p. 408 Alternative Methods of Sight Reduction and Navigational Computations p. 409 Some Basic Formulas for Calculator Navigation p. 411 PC Navigation Application Software p. 415 Nautical Almanac Concise Sight Reduction Tables p. 417 Summary p. 421 The Celestial Fix and Running Fix p. 422 The Celestial Fix p. 422 Plotting the Celestial Fix p. 423 The Estimated Position by Celestial Navigation p. 428 The Celestial Running Fix p. 430 Summary p. 433 The Rude Starfinder p. 435

5 Description of the Rude Starfinder p. 436 Use of the Rude Starfinder for Observations of the 57 Selected Stars p. 437 Use of the Starfinder for the Navigational Planets p. 439 Use of the Starfinder for Unlisted Stars, the Sun, or the Moon p. 442 Use of the Starfinder to Identify an Unknown Body p. 442 Summary p. 443 The Determination of Latitude at Sea p. 444 The Celestial Triangle at Meridian Transit of a Body p. 444 Obtaining a Latitude Line by Polaris p. 446 Obtaining a Latitude Line by the Sun p. 452 Summary p. 461 Determining the Gyro Error at Sea p. 462 Observing the Azimuth of Polaris or the Sun p. 462 Determining the Gyro Error by Polaris p. 463 Determining the Gyro Error by the Sun p. 465 Summary p. 475 Twilight and Other Rising and Setting Phenomena p. 476 Predicting the Darker Limit Time of Twilight p. 477 Predicting the Time of Sunrise and Sunset p. 480 Predicting the Time of Moonrise and Moonset p. 484 Summary p. 491 Electronic Navigation Introduction to Electronic Navigation p. 495 The Electromagnetic Wave p. 497 The Behavior of Radio Waves in the Earth's Atmosphere p. 503 Short- and Medium-Range Navigation Systems p. 507 Long-Range Hyperbolic Navigation Systems p. 508 Accuracy of an Electronic Fix p. 511 Differential Radionavigation p. 514 Summary p. 515 Radionavigation Systems p. 516 Radiobeacons p. 516 Loran-C p. 519 Decca p. 528 Omega p. 533 Summary p. 539 Advanced Navigation Systems p. 540 The Ship's Inertial Navigation System p. 540 The Shipboard Doppler Sonar System p. 543 The Navstar Global Positioning System p. 545 The Russian Glonass System p. 553

6 Summary p. 555 Bathymetric Navigation p. 556 Geological Features of the Ocean Bottom p. 556 The Bathymetric Chart p. 558 Characteristics of the Echo Sounder p. 560 Interpretation of the Echo Sounder Recording p. 562 Techniques of Bathymetric Position-Finding p. 566 Summary p. 572 A Day's Work in Navigation at Sea p. 573 The Routine of a Day's Work p. 573 The Captain's Night Orders p. 575 Laying Down the Ship's DR Track p. 577 The Interplay of Celestial, Electronic, and Bathymetric Fixing Information p. 577 An Example of a Day's Work in Navigation at Sea p. 578 Notes on the Day's Work p. 583 Summary p. 584 Abbreviations and Symbols Commonly Used in Piloting p. 587 Abbreviations and Symbols Used in Celestial and Electronic Navigation p. 589 Outline of a Typical Navigation Brief p. 592 Various Sight and Computation Forms Used in Celestial Navigation p. 595 Geographic Range Table 13, The American Practical Navigator (Bowditch) p. 606 Amplitude Table 22, The American Practical Navigator (Bowditch) p. 609 Chart No. 1 p. 613 Index p. 673 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.