Draft Action Plan for GIS Recommendations -Ian Hamilton

Transcription

1 GIS Rad Map [Cncept Nte] 1 Draft Actin Plan fr GIS Recmmendatins -Ian Hamiltn The Natinal Capital Regin Planning Bard (NCRPB) has the mandate fr preparing a Reginal Plan fr the develpment f the NCR and fr crdinating and mnitring the implementatin f this plan; and fr evlving harmnized plicies fr the cntrl f land-uses and develpment f infrastructure in the regin. This planning rle als includes the preparatin f Functinal Plans; ensuring that mre detailed sub-reginal and develpment plans are prepared by the participating States; and crdinating the enfrcement & implementatin f the Plans thrugh the participating States. All f these rles require the acquisitin and analysis f data ver time t ensure full understanding f the dynamic grwth and develpment f the NCR. As such, a Gegraphical Infrmatin System (GIS) is a vital tl t capture, stre, update, manipulate, analyse and display large amunts f gegraphically referenced data and infrmatin. 1 Current Status The NCRPB used an in-huse GIS system in the preparatin f its Reginal Plan up t The system cnsists f 2 UNIX based machines with ESRI GIS sftware. Bth the hardware and sftware are nw utdated with a system which is nt transferable t the Windws OS machines used thrughut the ffice. Future GIS peratrs and decisin-makers will bth require desktp/laptp machines with a range f current sftware applicatins apprpriate fr their specific tasks and respnsibilities. 2 Inceptin Reprt The fllwing cmments were made in the Inceptin Reprt (December 2008): The team will strengthen the interventins suggested in the diagnstic study with relatin t the GIS system as it relates t reginal and sub-reginal planning, and specify the inputs required fr the peratin f the system. We will als address the rganizatinal structure t perate the GIS efficiently. In cnjunctin with this, we will investigate best practices elsewhere in the wrld, specifically in inter-jurisdictinal lcatins. This will result in the fllwing utputs: Draft Actin Plan and GIS Recmmendatins - February (Main Reprt page 8); Other identified barriers t plan preparatin include the fllwing: (i) Lack f widely available digital base maps (especially cadastral) as a basis fr creating a spatial database which can be shared thrugh a GIS. (Diagnstic Reprt page 10) It is prpsed that the current capabilities f the NCRPB be examined with regard t the preparatin f new Functinal Plans and als the setting up f a Digital Spatial Database. It wuld need t be decided n the apprpriateness f supprting a GIS/Database unit within the NCRPB (tgether with equipment and training). Other ptins r supplementary actin wuld include the setting up f sub-units within the States and/r the utsurcing f sme r all f the wrks t external cnsultants. (Diagnstic Reprt page 13) 3 Feedback frm Inceptin Reprt Fllwing the preparatin f the Inceptin Reprt it was agreed that a lcal GIS Expert jin the prject t expedite the setting up f the GIS system. Draft TR fr this expert have been prepared and submitted t the NCRPB fr cnsideratin. As part f his secnd input, the Urban Reginal Planning Expert made a presentatin n GIS t the NCRPB n 14 th January The presentatin cvered the Cncept, Uses and Issues relating t GIS. The presentatin als included details f the prpsed draft TR fr the GIS Expert and suggestins n what the NCRPB culd d as its Next Steps. Natinal Capital Regin Planning Bard

2 GIS Rad Map [Cncept Nte] 2 4 Cncept, Uses and Issues relating t GIS 4.1 What a GIS can and cannt d GIS can been defined as An rganised cllectin f facilities t efficiently capture, stre, update, manipulate, analyse and display all frms f gegraphically referenced data & infrmatin. It includes 4 main characteristics: Remte Sensing. T Cllect, stre, manipulate & display raster data. Frm aircraft r satellite. Cmputer Aided Design (CAD). Design & drawing new bjects. Limited links t databases & little analytical capabilities Database Management. Strage, retrieval & manipulatin f mainly nn-graphic data. Cmputer Cartgraphy. Data retrieval & display. Map design Assuming an apprpriate chice f hardware and sftware, any GIS will nly be as useful as the peratrs and inputted data allw. With accurate themes and qualified peratrs wh are clear n the required utput GIS can be an effective decisin making tl in prtraying and analysing the real wrld r querying pssible events n the desktp. With inaccurate themes, few prly trained staff and little directin there is n pint in mving frm a paper based t a digital wrking envirnment. 4.2 The NCR Setting Apart frm the in-huse system mentined abve, nne f the Cells in the States visited s far have GIS capabilities and nr d the States themselves (althugh Delhi is in the prcess f setting up a system) n a state-wide basis. One f the first steps t be decided by the NCRPB will be the gegraphical use f any new GIS system. If it is t be used nly fr Reginal Planning then a very basic system will be adequate. A raster image (Landsat wuld be sufficient) with ppulatin data at District level tgether with brad netwrks f infrastructure and lcatins f key land use wuld be sufficient t review the current plan. The satellite imagery r aerial phts can be cmpared t previus archived data and changes in land use can be mapped. This can be cnfirmed by cmparing ppulatin figures frm 2001 and frthcming 2011 Census data. Hwever, if it is intended t use the GIS fr detailed land use planning (Master Plans and Develpment Plans) then accurate themes are crucial. Ideally the base layer wuld be a cadastral map because all prpsals will eventually impact n land and its wners. Owners will need t knw exactly hw much land is t be acquired fr a new rad r whether their plt has been rezned fr cmmercial uses. Hwever, it is unlikely that such detailed and accurate digital data fr the whle NCR will be available fr sme time. In which case, a high quality satellite image wuld be the best alternative as a base layer. It may nt be necessary t acquire high quality and expensive imagery fr the whle f the NCR: fr rural areas which are expected t remain rural, lwer quality imagery wuld suffice (althugh jining varius images can be cmplicated). Whatever the prpsed level f use, the rganisatinal structure and systems peratin will als need careful thught. It is strngly recmmended that the GIS perate n its wn dedicated server but whether this is nly accessed by individual cmputers ver an NCRPB LAN r whether it becmes accessible via the internet will require extensive discussin. Much will depend n the future relatinship between the NCRPB, the cells in each State and the States themselves with regard t bth planning and implementatin. Current thinking within the NCRPB is that the system shuld be a standalne with a dedicated GIS server lcated in the NCRPB. This is partly due t the csts and cmplexity f a web system but als due t data security cncerns. Natinal Capital Regin Planning Bard

3 GIS Rad Map [Cncept Nte] Accuracy f Themes Whether the acquired base is a cadastre r a satellite image ALL subsequent themes shuld crrelate with the base. As a start the datum and prjectins must be the same fr all themes. Hwever, it is extremely unlikely that all r any f the subsequent themes will fit the base. This is because many f the themes will have been develped frm digitising paper maps r at a small survey scale. These paper maps may themselves have been created withut reference t any agreed base map. It will be the respnsibility f specific agencies t ensure that the themes fr which they are respnsible are based upn a natinally (r NCR) agreed base map. It is nt apprpriate fr the NCRPB t amend any digital themes frm ther agencies: it is sufficient t infrm the agencies that their themes d nt fit with ther themes. Any maps prduced by the NCRPB using themes frm ther agencies shuld give that agency as a surce n the map. Over time and as themes are created/updated directly frm grund surveys the level f accuracy will imprve. The issue f Scale must als be addressed but in a different way t that used fr paper maps. With paper maps a scale is chsen as the mst apprpriate t shw and cmprehend the cntained infrmatin. With GIS this display scale is irrelevant and can be any number at all frm 1:1 upwards. Fr GIS the issue f scale relates t the survey scale: at what level f detail was the infrmatin cllected. S the lcatin f the IHC, fr example, shuld be mre accurately pltted n a satellite image nly shwing Ldhi Rad rather than ne which shws the whle f the NCR. Sme simple rules n this are: Large scale equals a large amunt f detail Scale, reslutin, accuracy and cntent f a map are all related All layers f a spatial database shuld be stred in a cmmn crdinate system When cmbining data at a variety f scales, reslutins and accuracy, the cmbined data shuld be cnsidered as gd nly as the wrst input. In USA the fllwing standards are used: Fr maps n publicatin scales larger than 1:20,000, nt mre than 10 percent f the pints tested shall be in errr by mre than 1/30 inch, measured n the publicatin scale; fr maps n publicatin scales f 1:20,000 r smaller, 1/50 inch. That translates t the fllwing examples: 4.4 Themes t be cllected Fr 1:100,000-scale maps: 0.02 x 100,000 x 2.54 / 100 = 50.8 meters (r 166 ft) Fr 1:24,000-scale maps: 0.02 x 24,000 x 2.54 / 100 = 12.2 meters (r 40 ft) Fr 1:10,000-scale maps: x 10,000 x 2.54 / 100 = 8.5 meters (r 28 ft) The fllwing list cntains the general themes that wuld be required t cmmence peratin f a GIS fr primarily reginal planning: Themes Output Analysis/Ntes Remte Sensing Land Use Recent data & time series Land Uses Land Use distributin Lcatin & changes if time series Tpgraphy Heights & Slpes Suitability fr develpment Administratin Base Map Defining Authrity & Plan areas Natinal Capital Regin Planning Bard

4 GIS Rad Map [Cncept Nte] 4 Themes Output Analysis/Ntes Sils Cnstraints/Opprtunities Dept f Agriculture Gelgy Cnstraints/Opprtunities Often small scale (1: 500,000) maps Frest Reserves Cnstraints Need revisins t fit cadastre Rads/Railways Base Map Amend t fit plan Rivers Base Map Update with new images Cadastral Base Map State Land ptins. Large plts Census 1991 & 2001 Densities, Changes Pressure, Grwth/Decline These themes can be supplemented with mre detailed data where required fr urban and ther mre detailed use and as it becmes available. 5 Why mve t a digital GIS? 5.1 Advantages f GIS The fllwing aspects can be seen as several advantages that a digital GIS has ver a traditinal paper based system: Easy t cmpare ge-referenced data Can use time series t assess change frm image t image Add/Subtract Themes at will Can add field data thrugh GPS Cmputing pwer t undertake calculatins E.g. hw many peple live within 5 km f rad Easy t view, understand & query n map base Map prductin simple, quick & flexible Can verlay themes if few slid clurs Each cpy identical = minimise mistakes Prductin time limited by printer speed Revisins can be fast Easy t reprduce & distribute n CD All dcuments in.pdf frmat s dn t give away valuable data. Can digitally link Maps with Written Prpsals Can add additinal flders f infrmatin 5.2 Disadvantages f mving t a digital GIS The fllwing aspects shuld be seriusly cnsidered as t hw they can be vercme r minimised during the mve t a digital GIS: Nt all useful Themes have been digitised yet Little analytical wrk pssible s far with a limited number f themes Many themes d nt fit well fr detailed wrk Expensive Hardware & Sftware (althugh csts are drpping fast fr hardware) Cstly inks Natinal Capital Regin Planning Bard

5 GIS Rad Map [Cncept Nte] 5 Maintenance Cst f system (bth the equipment and the data) Security issue as base data is easily cpied Tendency f staff t becme ffice bund and nt check real data in the field 6 Next Steps It was prpsed by the Urban Reginal Planning Expert that a GIS system fr the NCRPB culd be set up ver the perid f ne year using and addressing the fllwing 6 steps. 1 Agree data use/input/utput/sharing system 2 Identify capacity building recipients 3 GIS and Dbase training (using lcal cnsultants) 4 Acquire GIS sftware/hardware 5 Delivery f Remte Sensing 6 Cmmence basic data input/checking NCRPB t decide the use f the system, e.g. reviewing reginal and preparing subreginal/functinal plans Wh wuld input data? e.g. frm State Cells/Agencies t a NCRPB Cre GIS Unit Wh wuld use/analyse data? e.g. State Cells and NCRPB Wh culd share data/analysis? e.g. NCRPB What is the system set up? e.g. web based 2. NCRPB t decide the rganisatinal set up fr GIS. e.g.. Centre/State/Outsurce. Liaise with ther GIS. Ideally a strng GIS sectin shuld be set up at the Centre t versee the system. 3. Cntinuus Hands-n training tailred t specific uses, e.g. image analysis 4. Must be adequate fr planned system uses and t link database t financial rle n Prjects 5. Recent high quality imagery required thrugh NRSA. Security clearance. Alternative is t use that agency r Survey f India as a cnsultant partner. Older archived lwer quality imagery is als publicly available at lw cst. 6. Availability f data layers established at an early stage frm respnsible agencies/cnsultants. Use preparatin f Functinal Plan as a pilt study (e.g. Prtectin Plan) t invlve all States At a meeting n 5 th March 2009, NCRPB and Prject staff discussed Steps 1 and 2 with a view t determining the verall use and peratin f the prpsed GIS system. It was agreed that the NCRPB wuld next frm a cmmittee t discuss the best means f btaining prfessinal expertise t assist in setting up the GIS system. The NCRPB wuld then be able t decide whether this assistance shuld cme frm an independent GIS expert, a lcal specialist GIS cmpany; r a gvernment agency with extensive GIS experience. N date has yet been set fr this actin. Hwever, it was agreed that the GIS wuld nt nly be intended fr use at reginal plan level but wuld als be utilised fr the cllectin and analysis f data fr use by the States in the preparatin f sub-reginal and develpment plans. This has significant implicatins fr the level f detail required and hence the high quality f the initial remte sensing t be acquired. One f the key tpics identified fr study during the upcming verseas visits is the use f GIS fr reginal, urban and develpment planning. It is expected that additinal feedback t the abve Steps will be frthcming as a result f access t best practices in selected Study Tur lcatins. Natinal Capital Regin Planning Bard