Input of of PBDE exposure in juvenile Chinook salmon along their out-migrant pathway through the Snohomish River, WA

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1 estern ashington University estern CEDAR Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference 2018 Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference (Seattle, ash.) Apr 5th, 2:30 PM - 2:45 PM Input of of PBDE exposure in juvenile Chinook salmon along their out-migrant pathway through the Snohomish River, A Andrea J. Carey ashington Dept. of Fish and ildlife, United States, andrea.carey@dfw.wa.gov James E. est ashington Dept. of Fish and ildlife, United States, James.est@dfw.wa.gov Robert J. Fisk ashington Dept. of Fish and ildlife, United States, robert.fisk@dfw.wa.gov Mariko M. Langness ashington Dept. of Fish and ildlife, United States, mariko.langness@dfw.wa.gov Gina M. Ylitalo National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, United States, gina.ylitalo@noaa.gov See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Fresh ater Studies Commons, Marine Biology Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Carey, Andrea J.; est, James E.; Fisk, Robert J.; Langness, Mariko M.; Ylitalo, Gina M.; and O'Neill, Sandra M., "Input of of PBDE exposure in juvenile Chinook salmon along their out-migrant pathway through the Snohomish River, A" (2018). Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences and Events at estern CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference by an authorized administrator of estern CEDAR. For more information, please contact westerncedar@wwu.edu.

2 Speaker Andrea J. Carey, James E. est, Robert J. Fisk, Mariko M. Langness, Gina M. Ylitalo, and Sandra M. O'Neill This event is available at estern CEDAR:

3 Input of PBDE exposure in juvenile Chinook salmon along their out-migrant pathway through the Snohomish River, A Andrea Carey 1, James est 1, Robert Fisk 1, Mariko Langness 1, Gina Ylitalo 2 and Sandra O Neill 1 1 TBiOS, ashington Department of Fish and ildlife 2 NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Science Center

4 Acknowledgments DF Lance Campbell Anna ildebrandt Andrew Claiborne Jeff Grimm John Sneva Tracey Scalici Kelly Kiyohara Joe Anderson Pete Topping Josh einheimer Clayton Kinsel Val Tribble Canada DFO Crew of the Ricker Long Live the Kings Iris Kemp Michael Schmidt Lummi Nation Skagit River System Cooperative Stillaguamish Tribe Tulalip Tribe Snohomish County Puyallup Tribe Nisqually Tribe Skokomish Tribe Port Gamble S Klallam Tribe Jamestown S Klallam Tribe Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe Squaxin Tribe Muckleshoot Tribe Coastal atershed Institute NIFC NOAA NFSC Sean Sol Dan Lomax Julann Spromberg Maryjean illis Cathy Laetz Penny Swanson Casey Rice Josh Chamberlin David Baldwin Jason all Mark Meyers David Baldwin Lyndal Johnson Environmental Chemistry staff A Dept of Ecology Other Jason Toft Madilyn Gamble Steve Damm

5 Juvenile Chinook Contaminant Surveys Purpose 1: Measure contaminant exposure in juvenile Chinook from the Puget Sound evolutionary significant unit (ESU) - Status and Trend: River Deltas (Estuaries) abitat Purpose 2: Determine where in out-migrant pathway Chinook salmon are exposed to and accumulate contaminants. - Geographic Extent/Magnitude; Multi-abitat Focus Study

6 2016 Survey Status and Trends 11 deltas + Lake ashington Focus Studies Stillaguamish Snohomish # Chinook collected = 1,157 # composite wholes body samples = 152 chemistry, stable isotopes, lipids Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) Organochlorine pesticides atchery River Trap Lake Delta Nearshore

7 PBDEs in Juvenile Chinook Salmon Based on wet weight concentrations Nooksack Skagit Critical tissue level for salmon health/ Recovery Target Stillaguamish Elwha Dungneness Duckabush Skokomish Snohomish Lk ashington Duwamish Puyallup Nisqually PBDEs (ng/g ww ± 95% CI)

8 PBDE Adverse Effects in Juvenile Chinook Salmon Based on wet weight concentrations PBDE Critical Tissue Level (Arkoosh et al. 2010, 2013) Increased disease susceptibility 18%

9 2016 Snohomish Focus Study Questions: here are juvenile Chinook exposed to and accumulating PBDEs? hat is the source of PBDE inputs? ypothesis 1: Salmon are exposed to higher levels of PBDEs in the Mainstem Lower Delta. Upper Delta Outside Mainstem Lower Delta ypothesis 2: TP/CSO outfalls in the Mainstem Lower Delta are the major input of PBDEs Above Mainstem

10 PBDE Concentrations by Region Outside Mainstem PBDE concentration is significantly elevated in wild Chinook from Mainstem Lower Delta Lower Delta Upper Delta AB B A B B AB AB PBDEs concentration (ng/g wet weight) Outside Mainstem

11 PBDE Concentrations by Region Outside Mainstem PBDE concentrations are elevated in wild Chinook from Langus Pier and Deadwater sites Lower Mainstem PBDEs concentration (ng/g wet weight) Langus Pier Deadwater Lower Delta Upper Delta Outside Mainstem

12 Location of Sampling Sites and Outfalls TP Outfalls CSO Outfalls Fish Collections

13 PBDE Body Burdens Outside Mainstem LM PBDE body burdens increase dramatically in wild Chinook from Langus Pier and Deadwater sites LP D Lower Delta 37 mm 59 mm 58 mm D = 67 mm LP = 66 mm Upper Delta Outside Mainstem Body burdens of PBDEs (ng/fish)

14 PBDE Body Burdens Outside Mainstem LM Major pathway of PBDEs to Snohomish wild Chinook is in the Mainstem Lower Delta LP D Lower Delta 37 mm 59 mm 58 mm D = 67 mm LP = 66 mm Upper Delta Outside Mainstem Body burdens of PBDEs (ng/fish)

15 PBDEs in Juvenile Chinook Salmon Based on wet weight concentrations 73% 11% Predicted PBDE adverse effects (Arkoosh et al. 2010, 2013) 0% Increased disease susceptibility 33% Only ILD fish exceeded the threshold

16 Source Identification Using Contaminant Fingerprints Aquatic environments have distinct patterns of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) based on inputs & environmental attributes PCBs DDTs Biota foraging in regions with distinct POPs patterns accumulate specific POPs in proportion to their availability % PCBs % DDTs % PCBs % DDTs % CB % PBDEs % CB % PBDEs

17 POP Fingerprints in Juvenile Chinook salmon igher accumulation of PBDEs compared to PCBs and DDTs in wild fish in the lower mainstem suggests a wastewater input ( source ). Explains 19.4% variation PC PBDEs PCBs DDTs Increasing proportion PBDEs PC1 Explains 79.9% variation RegionOrigin Region & Origin LdeltaDistild Outside Main- LDeltaDistatch Outside Main - LdeltaMainatch Lower Delta - LDeltaMainild Lower - UDeltaild Upper - UDeltaatch Upper - Riverild Above Main

18 Conclusions ild origin Chinook salmon are exposed to higher levels of PBDEs in the Mainstem - Lower Delta ild Chinook have elevated PBDE concentrations & body burdens ild Chinook reside in delta longer than hatchery origin Chinook astewater in the Mainstem Lower Delta are possible inputs (i.e. pathways) of PBDEs to salmon Distinct contaminant fingerprints were observed in wild Chinook from the Mainstem Lower Delta Fingerprints with higher proportions of PBDEs are consistent with input from wastewater Likely wastewater inputs include TP effluent & CSO outfalls

19 PBDEs in Juvenile Chinook Salmon Based on lipid normalized concentrations Nooksack Skagit Salmon health effects threshold/ recovery goal Stillaguamish Elwha Dungneness Duckabush Skokomish Snohomish Lk ashington Duwamish Puyallup Nisqually PBDEs (ng/g lipid ± 95% CI)

20 PBDEs in Juvenile Chinook Salmon Based on lipid normalized concentrations Predicted PBDE Adverse effects (Arkoosh et al. 2010, 2013) Increased disease susceptibility Altered thyroid function 27% 3.6% 36%

21 PBDEs in Juvenile Chinook Salmon (hatchery and wild origin fish) Lipid normalized 22% Predicted PBDE Adverse effects (Arkoosh et al. 2010, 2013) 44% 11% Increased disease susceptibility Altered thyroid function 19% 66%

22 PBDEs 2013 vs 2016 N1 Nearshore 2 - N2 Nearshore 1 - Estuary - Outside Main, Lower Delta - Outside Main, Lower Delta Main Low Delta - Main Low Delta - Main Upper Delta - Main Upper Delta - Above Mainstem PBDEs (ng/g wet weight)

23 POP Fingerprints in Juvenile Chinook salmon 2D Stress: 0.04 RegionOrigin Region & Origin LdeltaDistild Outside Main- LDeltaDistatch Outside Main - LdeltaMainatch Lower Delta - LDeltaMainild Lower - UDeltaild Upper - UDeltaatch Upper - Riverild Above Main Small mean fish size 48 and 46 mm

24 Region x Origin Means Plot (Based on Results of Anosim Comparisons) o et c S LdeltaMainatch Lower Delta - Outside LDeltaDistatch Main. - Outside LdeltaDistild Main. - Upper UDeltaild - 2D Stress: 0.02 Upper UDeltaatch - Above Riverild Main. - Lower LDeltaMainild -