The Illinois MRSEC: Mechanics and Dynamics in Nanodevices

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Griselda Bruce
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1 The Illinois MRSEC: Mechanics and Dynamics in Nanodevices

NSF Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers 50-year history 20 Centers, each 2-3 research groups 6

6 million Recompetition model & Seed program - Address fundamental, complex materials problems that are

of a scope and complexity that requires a center - Critical mass of investigators of complementary/diverse

2 NSF Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers 50-year history 20 Centers, each 2-3 research groups 6 years funding, $2.4 $3.6 million Recompetition model & Seed program - Address fundamental, complex materials problems that are important to society - Stimulate and support outstanding interdisciplinary research and education in materials of a scope and complexity that requires a center - Critical mass of investigators of complementary/diverse expertise: convergence - Foster partnerships between academia and industry, National labs, and international: transdisciplinarity - Build Materials Facilities Network, A Materials Research Community 2

3 Broad topics in materials research: Condensed Matter,Energy/Sustainability, Mechanics of Materials, Multiferroics/Magnetics/Spintronics, Nanostructures/Nanoparticles, Polymers, Semiconductors/Photonics/Organics, Soft Materials/Colloids Lots of Nanoscience - Nanoionic crystals: rationalizing electrostatic self-assembly at the Northwestern University - Harvard University - Nanostructured copolymers with semicrystalline hydrophobic domains prepared by transition metal catalysis (Seed Princeton University - Atomic Membranes for 3D Cornell University - And much more 3

the Shared Experimental Facilities (SEFs) supported by the National Science Foundation's Material

The MRFN is designed and operated to provide support to researchers and experimental facilities

facilities UW-Madison MRSEC Shared Facilities add new ellipsometry capabilities University of Utah

4 :Book an Instrument The Materials Research Facilities Network is a nationwide partnership of the Shared Experimental Facilities (SEFs) supported by the National Science Foundation's Material Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSECs). The MRFN is designed and operated to provide support to researchers and experimental facilities engaged in the broad area of Materials Research in academic, government and industrial laboratories around the world. NEWS Cornell Center for Materials Research adds 300kV Fei Titan Themis Cryo-S/TEM to shared facilities UW-Madison MRSEC Shared Facilities add new ellipsometry capabilities University of Utah installs new S/TEM with ultrafast EDS Search for Instruments at Member Facilities Find and Work with Technical Experts Access Training and Educational Materials Browse the Above Categories by Instrument Type Log in and Update your Center's Information. MRFN Statistics 23 centers 1141 instruments 262 experts 2000 Yearly users

5 I-MRSEC Overview: The Illinois MRSEC performs fundamental, innovative materials research that is relevant to societal needs, and supports interdisciplinary education and training of students in materials design, understanding, and applications. Two interdisciplinary research groups (IRGs): IRG1: Metallic Antiferromagnetic Materials: Ultrafast Charge, Lattice, and Magnetization Dynamics focuses on ultra-fast charge, lattice, and magnetization dynamics of antiferromagnetic materials. IRG2: Active Interfaces Between Highly- Deformable Nanomaterials focuses on designing electronic materials that can withstand large deformations, such as bending and crumpling, and also be integrated into molecular assemblies. 5

6 I-MRSEC Team 4 theorists, 10 experimentalists, 7 materials growth/fabrication 6 Full Professors, 3 Associate, 5 Assistant Members from Bioengineering, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Chemistry, I-STEM, Materials Science, Mechanical Engineering, Media Studies, Physics, Argonne Lab Management Team: Nadya Mason (MRSEC Director), Elif Ertekin (Education/Outreach Director), Cathy Murphy (Deputy Director & Seed), David Cahill (IRG1 Lead), Arend van der Zande/Rashid Bashir (IRG2 Leads) 6

7 I-MRSEC Education & HR Development Integrated education, outreach, and development activities for all levels of students & faculty Focus on science communication: workshops for i-mrsec participants, outreach events for K-12 and public, online videos REU program, Materials Bootcamp, graduate & postdoc training Guided by diversity strategic plan & integrated assessment 7

Materials Bootcamp Educate I-MRSEC and external participants,

One day, preceding annual Advanced Materials Characterization

academia, industry, and national labs Enhance connections: industrial

8 Materials Bootcamp Educate I-MRSEC and external participants, students, and staff in frontier materials science & instrumentation One day, preceding annual Advanced Materials Characterization Workshop Hands-on training combined with lectures Speakers from academia, industry, and national labs Enhance connections: industrial participants Faculty & staff from Midwestern & URM institutions: I-MRSEC as regional hub 8

Leverage Extensive Shared Facilities Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory (MRL) 50,000 sq ft lab

a 2,500 ft 2 biosafety level-2 bionanotechnology complex Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and

Supercomputing Applications Blue Waters petascale computer, Campus Cluster, Materials Data Facility data

9 Leverage Extensive Shared Facilities Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory (MRL) 50,000 sq ft lab space; 50,000 sq ft facilities Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory User facility with 16 clean rooms and a 2,500 ft 2 biosafety level-2 bionanotechnology complex Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology User facility for interdisciplinary research & specialized microscopy National Center for Supercomputing Applications Blue Waters petascale computer, Campus Cluster, Materials Data Facility data repository Argonne National Lab Magnetic Facilities Magnetic films group facilities; Center for Nanoscale Materials 9

MRL Central Facilities I-MRSEC is based in MRL and leverages staff, facilities, and

Center for Microanalysis of Materials Micro/Nanofabrication Facility Laser and

05 M/yr] More than 40 major instruments ($40 M equipment) 24 h access and training by 18

10 MRL Central Facilities I-MRSEC is based in MRL and leverages staff, facilities, and administration MRL houses one of the premier midscale, shared facilities in the nation Center for Microanalysis of Materials Micro/Nanofabrication Facility Laser and Spectroscopy Facility Operating budget = $2.2 M/yr (direct cost) [UIUC contributes $1.05 M/yr] More than 40 major instruments ($40 M equipment) 24 h access and training by 18 staff scientists Dedicated safety officer, integrated safety training Low average usage fee of $15/hour 10

MRL Central Facilities Major Instruments Center for Microanalysis of Materials: electron microscopy (SEM, TEM, high-pressure environmental cell TEM, aberration-corrected (S)TEM, focused ion beam

(RBS, channeling, NRA) Laser and Spectroscopy: Raman, Brillouin, pump-probe, time-resolved photoluminescence, and sum-frequency generation; ellipsometer, combination atomic force microscope, confocal

room. Three magnetron co-sputtering systems, three electronbeam deposition systems, thermal evaporators, two atomic layer deposition tools; collimated ion and reactive ion beam etching systems

11 MRL Central Facilities Major Instruments Center for Microanalysis of Materials: electron microscopy (SEM, TEM, high-pressure environmental cell TEM, aberration-corrected (S)TEM, focused ion beam microscopy), scanning probe microscopy (AFM and nanoindentation), surface microanalysis (SIMS, AES, XPS, imaging XPS, electrochemical XSP), X-ray scattering in all modes, and ion-beam spectroscopies (RBS, channeling, NRA) Laser and Spectroscopy: Raman, Brillouin, pump-probe, time-resolved photoluminescence, and sum-frequency generation; ellipsometer, combination atomic force microscope, confocal microscope, and near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM), and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer Micro/Nanofabrication: 1,400 ft 2, class-100 clean room with a 400 ft 2 nanoscience clean room. Three magnetron co-sputtering systems, three electronbeam deposition systems, thermal evaporators, two atomic layer deposition tools; collimated ion and reactive ion beam etching systems high-precision optical and electron-beam lithography systems capable of 10 nm line resolution; Crystal Growth Facility Recent Arrivals: FEI Themis Z aberration-corrected analytical TEM/STEM, FEI Scios FIB, EDAX EBSD system, AJA sputtering system for magnetic materials, XRD system with 2D detector, Shimadzu DTA-50, Nanoscribe 3D printer with sub-micron resolution, Shimadzu energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence XRF, NEC ion beam Pelletron accelerator, H-9500 Dynamical TEM, Neaspec AFM/FTIR system, Piuma nanoindenter, Optical Parametric Oscillator system for pico-second spectroscopy 11

Examples of Nanoscience at the I-MRSEC IRG1: Metallic Antiferromagnetic Materials: Ultrafast Charge, Lattice, and Magnetization Dynamics Determine the coupling of magnetic order, optical fields,

12 Examples of Nanoscience at the I-MRSEC IRG1: Metallic Antiferromagnetic Materials: Ultrafast Charge, Lattice, and Magnetization Dynamics Determine the coupling of magnetic order, optical fields, electronic excitations, and lattice vibrations that underlie fundamental limits on the control of AFM order and dynamics Discover new materials with enhanced responses For information storage: higher density, faster, more robust than ferromagnetic domains Why now? Spin orbit torques provide a new approach for manipulating AF order 12

Example, IRG1 Nanoscience: Synthesize metallic

response Optical studies of current-induced magnetic order in

$Sub-micron diffraction-limited spot sizes Can be applied to$

13 Example, IRG1 Nanoscience: Synthesize metallic antiferromagnetic (AF) materials and probe optical & thermal response Optical studies of current-induced magnetic order in thin films: Current-induced spin torque signal average B-field High-resolution, non-contact probe of nanometerthin samples Sub-micron diffraction-limited spot sizes Can be applied to antiferromagnetic materials 13

Example, IRG1 Nanoscience: Synthesize AF/non-magnetic bilayers; Observe threshold

Evidence of very large interface magnetization, spin Hall effect Future

spin Hall effects IRG1 Goal: To revolutionize our ability to store and process

14 Example, IRG1 Nanoscience: Synthesize AF/non-magnetic bilayers; Observe threshold for autooscillation of AF magnetization Magnetizing a topological insulator Evidence of very large interface magnetization, spin Hall effect Future measurements: oscillations of magnetization with applied current pulse driven by spin Hall effects IRG1 Goal: To revolutionize our ability to store and process information by overcoming the fundamental size and switching time limits of conventional memory storage. 14

Takes advantage of advances in 2D material and heterostructure growth and fabrication Systematically determines structural, mechanical,

15 IRG2: Active Interfaces Between Highly- Deformable Nanomaterials Discover new materials which are simultaneously highly-deformable and electrically active. Bridge the electronic design capability of hard materials with the adaptive nature of biology. Takes advantage of advances in 2D material and heterostructure growth and fabrication Systematically determines structural, mechanical, and electronic effects of deformations at scales from 10 nm to 10 microns. Demonstrates effects of biomolecular form and function on highly deformed 2D substrates 15

16 Example, IRG2 Nanoscience: Modeling & fabrication of crumpled 2D materials & heterostructures; measure change in optical and electronic properties 100 µm Wrinkles created via release on prestrained PDMS substrates 2D strain from templating on nanoparticles Photoluminescence of wrinkled materials Strain: 0 5 μm 5 μm 20 nm 3.6% Wrinkled and crumpled graphene Transport theory and measurement of strain-induced superlattice states in graphene Curvature induced variations in band transitions in MoS 2 16

60 50 40 30 20 No slip ~N 3 Slip ~N 2D heterostructures Imaging 200 nm 0 Crumpling 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Multiscale MD Number

17 Bending modulus (ev) Example, IRG2 Nanoscience: How do scaling laws break down in the molecular limit? Theory: Slippable van der Waal s interfaces Experiment: Measuring crumpled heterostructures Interlayer superlubricity No slip ~N 3 Slip ~N 2D heterostructures Imaging 200 nm 0 Crumpling Multiscale MD Number of layers How do controlled nm-scale deformations affect mechanical scaling? How does material symmetry breaking affect mechanical scaling? 17

How do cellular processes interact with applied stress on a molecular level?

18 Example, IRG2 Nanoscience: Chemical and biological interactions with deformed hybrid interface: What is the interplay between conformation and deformation? How do cellular processes interact with applied stress on a molecular level? How do molecular rearrangements affect the electronic response of 2D materials? Example: IRG2 Goal: Enable applications such as wearable electronics and devices integrated with biological tissues 18

19 Illinois MRSEC - Antiferromagnetic Dynamics - Highly Deformed Nanomaterials - Integrated education, outreach, high-quality facilities A Materials Research Community 19

20 20

EPIC: Keck-II: SPID:

EPIC: Keck-II: SPID: The Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center (NUANCE) was established during 2001-02 to integrate complementary analytical instruments and characterization capabilities