Biology A: Chapter 4 Annotating Notes

Transcription

1 Name: Pd: Biology A: Chapter 4 Annotating Notes -As you read your textbook, please fill out these notes. -Read each paragraph state the big/main idea on the left side. - On the right side you should take notes that support this big idea. -Make sure you go through each figure they are there to teach you.

2 Big Idea Pg 101: Read and annotate the first paragraph (write what you are thinking as you read, take notes, make connections, add things that will help you remember the information): Autotrophy and Photosynthesis Pg : 4.1: What are Autotrophs Annotations (complete sentences) Paragraph 4: Contrast the following terms a. Autotroph b. Heterotroph c. Photoautotroph d. Chemoautotroph Pg : 4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis Figure 4.2 Pg. 103: In great detail, describe wta this figure is teaching you

3 Figure 4.3 Pg. 104: In great detail, describe wta this figure is teaching you Paragraph 4: Paragraph 5: Figure 4.4 Pg. 105: In great detail, describe wta this figure is teaching you Figure 4.5 Pg. 105: In great detail, describe wta this figure is teaching you Figure 4.6 Pg. 105: In great detail, describe wta this figure is teaching you Figure 4.7 Pg. 106: Sketch this reaction as shown in the figure. Memorize this!! Paragraph 6: (pg 106) Paragraph 7: Write it out again memorize Paragraph 8:

4 Review questions section How do plants absorb the sun s energy? 2. a. Chloroplasts store pigments in membranes called that are arranged in stacks, called. 2. b. The fluid space around the grana is called. Not only does it produce, but it also contains DNA, RNA, and enzymes. 3. a. What colors of light does chlorophyll most absorb? b. What color does chlorophyll reflect (not absorb)? 4. Why do green leaves become different colors in the fall 5. Photosynthesis involves 3 energy conversions. List them below. a. b. c. 6. List the 5 elements the compose chlorophyll.,,,,. 7. There are 2 basic groups of reactions in photosynthesis. Which one a. absorbs light? b. converts CO2 to sugars? Pg : 4.3 The Light Reaction Paragraph 1 : Figure 4.9: In great detail, describe what this figure is teaching you. Figure 4.10: In great detail, describe what this figure is teaching you.

5 Paragraph 4: Paragraph 5: (pg 109) Paragraph 6: Paragraph 7: Paragraph 8: Paragraph 9: (pg 110) Biological Challenges: Pg 107: Please go back and read page 107. Summarize the most important/interesting aspects of the section. Be sure to describe each scientist and his/her contribution in discovering how plants obtain food.

6 Pg : 4.4 The Calvin Cycle Paragraphs 1-3: Figure 4.13: In great detail, describe what this figure is teaching you (very important!) Paragraph 4: (pg 112) Figure 4.14: In great detail, describe what this figure is teaching you Paragraph 5: Paragraph 6: Focus On pg 113: Pathways and Compartments: Describe what this section is trying to teach you about these important pathways that make up the photosynthesis reaction

7 Review of section Name the molecule at the core of the reaction center 2. Electrons are on the move! They come from 2 sources,. 3. Oxygen gas is released from what molecule? 4. Electrons and protons are picked up by molecules of and. Because these molecules gain electrons, they are said to be reduced. 5. By the end of the light reactions, light energy is converted to chemical energy in these two molecules: and 6. Do the light reactions produce any carbon compounds that would add to plant growth? 7. Why is the Calvin cycle also known as CO2 fixation? 8. Name the enzyme that fixes CO2. Name 2 products that are returned to the light reactions: and 9. Name the 2 products of the light reactions that help run the Calvin cycle: and 10. What is a C3 plant? 11. Why can t the Calvin cycle function in the dark? 12. Describe 3 fates of the sugar produced during the Calvin cycle: a. b. c. Pg : Rate of Photosynthesis Figure 4.15: In great detail, describe what this figure is teaching you Paragraph 4:

8 Figure 4.16: In great detail, describe what this figure is teaching you. Paragraph 5: (pg 116) Paragraph 6: Figure 4.17: Pg 116: In great detail, describe what this figure is teaching you. Review of section Describe one way that the rate of photosynthesis can be measured. 2. List 3 factors in the environment that can affect the rate of photosynthesis. 3. Why can excess light inhibit (slow down) photosynthesis? 4. Excess heat causes photosynthesis to decline. Hypothesize why. (Focus on enzyme activity.) 5. How do excess levels of CO2 affect photosynthesis? Explain. 6. Explain the principle of limiting factors. Pg : 4.6: Photorespiration and special adaptations Figure 4.18 Pg 117: In great detail, describe what this figure is teaching you

9 Figure 4.19 Pg 117: In great detail describe what this figure is teaching you. Figure 4.20 Pg 118: In great detail describe what this figure is teaching you. Paragraph 3 (118): Paragraph 4: Paragraph 5: Figure 4.21 Pg 119: In great detail, describe what this figure is teaching you. Paragraph 6: Figure 4.22 Pg 119: In great detail, describe what this figure is teaching you. Paragraph 7:

10 Paragraph 8: Paragraph 9: Figure 4.23 Pg 120: In great detail, describe what this figure is teaching you. Focus on Pg 120: Please describe what this section is trying to teach you about how biotechnology is being used to create more productive food crops. Review questions section Name the 2 gases that can bind to rubisco. and 2. Why do increasing levels of oxygen gas inhibit photosynthesis? 3. What is photorespiration? 4. a. Name examples of C4 plants. b. Describe the environment in which most of these plants live. c. In what kind of organic compounds can C4 plants store CO2? d. Name the cells of the leaf where these compounds are stored. 5. Name examples of C3 plants. 6. How does photorespiration affect growth? 7. a. Name examples of CAM plants. b. Describe the environment where most of them live. c. How are these plants adapted to conserve water? d. How and when do they get their supply of CO2 gas?

11 Pg : 4.7 Photosynthesis & The Atmosphere: Figure 4.24 Pg 121: Please describe what this figure is teaching you Paragraph 4: Review questions section Give 2 reasons why the level of CO2 gas in the atmosphere increasing 2. What is the effect of these increasing levels of CO2? Pg : 4.8: Varieties of Chemoautotrophs

12 Paragraph 4: Pg : 4.9 Chemoautotrophs and the Environment: Paragraph 4: Paragraph 5: Review questions section Name a chemoautotrophic organism. 2. What is the source of energy for chemoautotrophy? Give specific examples. 3. Does chemoautotrophy require sunlight? CO2 gas? Chlorophyll? 4. Does chemoautotrophy generate ATP? O2 gas? NADPH? 5. Do chemoautotrophs live in Antarctica? sea floor? 6. Give an example of how chemoautotrophs support the life of their community.

13 Pg : 24.4 Nutrient Cycles: Paragraph 4: Figure 24.6 The carbon cycle Describe/sketch the carbon cycle Label the chloroplast on the right: A. B.

14 Label the cross section of a leaf to the left: A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Label the chloroplast to the right: A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. Questions?