Diversity and Evolution of Asterids!... honeysuckles, ginseng, and carrots...!
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1 Diversity and Evolution of Asterids!... honeysuckles, ginseng, and carrots...!
2 Adoxaceae and Caprifoliaceae viburnum and honeysuckle families! Two related woody families with opposite leaves and inferior ovary Short-styled flowers vs. long-styled flowers Viburnum viburnum Adoxaceae Lonicera honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae
3 **Adoxaceae - honeysuckle family! Corolla 5 merous, rotate, inferior ovary and berries with few seeds Sambucus canadensis - Common elder Coarse herbaceous shrub of open areas with compound leaves; flattopped inflorescence; black berries used for wine
4 **Adoxaceae - honeysuckle family! Sambucus racemosa Red-berried elder Common in understory or edge of forests; fruits red in more panicled umbels Botany 401 final exam plant!
5 **Adoxaceae - honeysuckle family! Viburnums are simple leaved shrubs, but often lobed, or coarsely toothed Viburnum opulus (trilobum) high-bush cranberry Note enlarged, sterile flowers on periphery of inflorescence for pollinator attraction
6 **Adoxaceae - honeysuckle family! Viburnum lentago nannyberry Other spring or early summer blooming species; many have glands on petioles Viburnum acerifolium-maple-leaved viburnum Viburnum rafinesquianum - arrowwood
7 *Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family! Northern hemisphere family (and tropical mountains) species of shrubs or subshrubs includes teasels and valerians Family (and related families) recognized by opposite leaves and inferior ovary Lonicera - honeysuckle Linnaea - twinflower
8 *Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family! CA (5) CO (5) A 4-5 G (2-5) Flowers are 5 merous and either bell-shaped or strongly zygomorphic Inferior ovary forms berry
9 *Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family! Long-styled genera include 4 genera - and are now combined with Dipsacaceae (teasels) and Valerianaceae (valerians) Honeysuckles include native (right) and introduced aggressive shrubs (below) or vines Lonicera tatarica - tartarian honeysuckle Lonicera canadensis - fly honeysuckle
10 *Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family! Lonicera dioica - red honeysuckle Lonicera reticulata - grape honeysuckle
11 *Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family! invasives Lonicera tatarica - tartarian honeysuckle Leaf miners Lonicera xylosteum - European fly honeysuckle Lonicera X bella - pretty honeysuckle Botany 401 final exam plant!
12 *Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family! Diervilla lonicera - bush honeysuckle other native species Triosteum perfoliatum Horse gentian Note the perfoliate leaves - opposite leaves whose blade tissue continue across the stem and connect
13 *Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family! Characteristic subshrub of (circum)boreal forests where it forms large colonies. Two flowers form per inflorescence. Linnaea borealis - twinflower
14 *Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family! Carolus Linneaus modestly named the genus after himself because of the diminuitive stature of the plant. Linnaea borealis - twinflower Linnaeus on his wedding day
15 *Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family! Herbaceous plants with opposite or basal leaves. Valeriana edulis - edible valerian Valeriana uliginosa - marsh valerian
16 *Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family! The congested inflorescence is part of the floral reduction seen in this group of Asterids. Reduction is also seen in calyx forming a pappus (bristly or scaly structure), and fruit is one-seeded achene. All three features are best seen in the Asteraceae - sunflower family. Valeriana edulis - edible valerian
17 *Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family! Besides, the congested inflorescence, pappus (bristly or scaly structure), and achene, the family further shows involucral bracts around the head inflorescence - another feature seen later in the Asteraceae - sunflower family. Dipsacus fullonum - teasel Introduced and adventive Involucral bracts pappus
18 **Araliaceae - ginseng family! Largely a tropical family of trees, shrubs, or herbs (in Wisconsin). Often combined with the carrot family (Apiaceae). Leaves divided or up to 3 times or more compound; alternate in Aralia, whorled in Panax. Flowers in umbels. Distinctive aroma and chemicals. Aralia hispida - bristly sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis - wild sarsaparilla
19 **Araliaceae - ginseng family! CA 5 CO 5 A 5 G (2-5) Flowers small, non-asterid like (no corolla tube), 5 merous, with 2-5 fused inferior carpels forming berries (2 carpels and dry fruits in Apiaceae). Aralia hispida - bristly sarsaparilla : note 5 styles
20 **Araliaceae - ginseng family! Aralia elata Hercule s-club, Devil s walking stick SE USA native, escaped from cultivation Aralia racemosa spikenard
21 **Araliaceae - ginseng family! Panax quinquefolius - American ginseng Rich woods; leaflets are stalked. Red berries. Heavily collected woodland species for roots; now listed as Special concern by DNR.
22
23 **Araliaceae - ginseng family! Panax trifolius Dwarf ginseng Rich woods; leaflets are sessile
24 **Araliaceae - ginseng family! Hedera helix English ivy Eurasia - N. Africa; invasive in U.S.
25 **Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family! Large family of 300 genera and over 3000 species most common in north temperate regions. Economically important (carrot, parsnip, parsley, celery, dill, caraway). parsnip carrot
26 **Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family! Aromatic herbs with hollow stems, dissected or compound leaves that are strongly sheathing, inflorescence umbellate sheath Heracleum lanatum - cow parsnip
27 **Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family! CA 5 CO 5 A 5 G (2) flowers small in umbels, often compound female flowers often along edge of each umbellate 5 merous with no corolla tube inferior gynoecium of 2 carpels separating at maturity
28 **Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family! CA 5 CO 5 A 5 G (2) fruit dehiscent and splitting - schizocarp 2 dry, 1-seeded mericarps held together by carpophore fruits 5-ribbed separated by oil canals - taxonomic character for separating genera
29 **Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family! Angelica atropurpurea - great angelica Large coarse herb of wetter areas
30 **Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family! Cicuta bulbifera Bulblet water hemlock Cicuta maculata spotted water hemlock Although containing nasty compounds, Cicuta is not the hemlock that Socrates took. Common species of marshes and streams.
31 **Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family! Three common woodland genera Cryptotaenia canadensis - honewort Osmorhiza longistylis - sweet cicely
32 **Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family! Sanicula gregarii - snakeroot Sanicula marilandica - snakeroot
33 **Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family! Eryngium yuccifolium Rattlesnake master Dry prairie species with swordshaped leaves with spiny edge. Umbels has become literally a head as in Asteraceae.
34 **Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family! Zizea aurea - golden Alexanders Hydrocotyle americana - marsh pennywort Shown by DNA evidence to be in ginseng family
35 **Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family! Heracleum lanatum American cow-parsnip Our most robust species in Wisconsin
36 **Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family! Daucus carota - wild carrot, Queen Anne s lace Note umbel with involucral bracts; larger female flowers along edge of umbel; the progenitor of cultivated carrot (same species); common weed
37 **Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family! Pastinca sativa - wild parsnip Introduced and spreading along roadsides. Dermatitic reaction from leaves is rapid but only in presence of UV light which causes precursor to change to phototoxin. Therefore, collect only by moonlight.
38 **Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family! Pastinca sativa - wild parsnip Furanocoumarins: give celerypickers itch (Apiaceae) or bartender s itch (Rutaceae) Depressaria pastinacella principal herbivore of wild parsnip and tolerant of furanocoumarins
39 **Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family! Did leaf-rolling behavior by UV/furanocoumarin-sensitive insects spur the evolution of dissected leaves in this family? parsnip carrot
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