Floristic Quality Index: Current Methods and Development. Nia Wellendorf Russ Frydenborg DEP Bureau of Labs
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1 Floristic Quality Index: Current Methods and Development Nia Wellendorf Russ Frydenborg DEP Bureau of Labs
2 Outline History and definition of FQI Methods developed for Florida lakes Ongoing index development
3 Floristic Quality Assessment Swink and Wilhelm (1979, Chicago) Used to evaluate integrity of land areas severity of human impact
4 Floristic Quality Index (FQI) FQI = (mean C) * (sqrt(n)) where C = coefficient of conservatism n = number of native plant species *incorporates diversity and species value
5 Coefficient of Conservatism Scoring Criteria (Brown et al., UF Center for Wetlands) 0 Alien and invasive native taxa Tolerant taxa Ubiquitous taxa Intolerant (sensitive) taxa Taxa that exhibit high degrees of fidelity to a narrow set of ecological conditions
6 Examples of C of C Taxa = 0 1 Alien or Very Tolerant Alternanthera philoxeroides Amaranthus blitum Cyperus prolifer Eichhornia crassipes Hydrilla verticillata Ipomoea aquatica Melaleuca quinquenervia Mimosa pigra Scleria vaginata Paspalum urvillei Panicum repens Lygodium microphyllum Ludwigia peruviana Eupatorium capillifolium Vitis aestivalis Vitis rotundifolia Cyperus croceus Red = Confirmed by UF empirical analysis
7 Examples of C of C Taxa = Sensitive Aristida stricta Cladium jamaicense Crinum americanum Drosera capillaris Eriocaulon decangulare Gordonia lasianthus Ilex cassine Justicia angusta Lobelia paludosa Lyonia ferruginea Magnolia virginiana Nyssa biflora Osmunda regalis Oxypolis filiformis Paspalum monostachyum Persea borbonia Persea palustris Polygala rugelii Rhynchospora tracyi Scleria baldwinii Stillingia aquatica Utricularia cornuta Woodwardia areolata Red = Confirmed by UF empirical analysis
8 Uses of FQA Regional assessment (Chicago, MI) Wetland restoration monitoring (IL, OH) Grassland assessment (ND, SD) Lake assessment (WI, IN) *Most assessments based on site or regional species lists few detailed methods
9 FQA in Florida Wetland bioassessment (UF) Botanists statewide assigned C of C Line transects Plant index: mean C of C - strong metric
10 FQA in Florida Lake bioassessment Insects of limited use (clear lakes) Algae still under development Need repeatable, rapid method plants are good candidate
11 FQA in Florida : Method development and initial data collection (~120 lakes) 2004: Determination of response to human disturbance, development of index (consultant Leska Fore) 2004: Status Network data to be used to test preliminary index
12 FQI Method Overview Divide lake into 12 sampling units (slices) Each unit gets visual drive by and 5 m belt transect, with the species observed combined in a single column on the data sheet. Frodus (submersed sampling device) deployed minimum of 5 times during transect Bag unknowns, place on ice, and send to expert. Conduct lake habitat assessment
13 Typical Lake with 12 Sampling Units
14 Data From Each Unit is Combined, 12 Taxa Lists Per Lake Drive-by Emergent Zone Frodus deployment 5 m Belt Transect Submersed Zone
15 Resulting Information Species list (with associated attributes) Species diversity C of C scores Exotic/native Plant habit Species frequency of occurrence
16 Preliminary Floristic Quality Index Declines as a human disturbance increases 7 6 Spearman s r = FQI SCORE Human disturbance gradient NOTE: HDG consists of HA, LDI, hydrology, chemistry
17 Sensitive Plant Taxa (Taxa with C of C values >7) Number of sensitive taxa Human disturbance gradient Median 25%-75% Range Outliers Spearman s r =
18 Tolerant Plant Taxa (Taxa with C of C values <3) Number of tolerant taxa Median 25%-75% Range Spearman s r = Human disturbance gradient
19 Exotic Plant Taxa (Category 1 taxa: Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council) Number of cat 1 taxa Median 25%-75% Non-Outlier Range Outliers Human disturbance gradient Spearman s r = 0.56
20 Advantages of FQI Approach Resource efficient Sensitive to many human disturbances, especially nutrients and physical disruption Alternate assessment tool where invertebrates not effective Habitat implications
21 Disadvantages to FQI Approach Not sensitive to all stressors (e.g., insecticides) Species level identification needed, staff training/expertise important
22 FQA in Florida : Method development and initial data collection (~120 lakes) 2004: Determination of response to human disturbance, development of index (consultant Leska Fore) 2004: Status Network data to be used to test preliminary index
23
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