This material is contributed by David Giblin. It is a great introduction about the UW herbarium research, but contents of this presentation will be

Transcription

1 This material is contributed by David Giblin. It is a great introduction about the UW herbarium research, but contents of this presentation will be on the lecture exam.

2 Floristics Research at the University of Washington Herbarium David Giblin University of Washington Herbarium

3 Ongoing field projects Lecture Overview Ongoing herbarium-based informatics projects

4 National Parks Botanical Surveys

5 Project Goals NOCA ( ) MORA ( ) EBLA (2004) Importance of botanical surveys Future

6 Increase documentation of vascular plants in NOCA, MORA, EBLA

7 Increase documentation of vascular plants in NOCA, MORA, EBLA Collect from species-rich or uncollected areas

8 Project Goals NOCA ( ) MORA ( ) EBLA (2004) Importance of botanical surveys Future

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15 NOCA Results Summary ~1,900 specimens added to NOCA herbarium 137 previously undocumented species for Park New localities for 7 state-listed species 60+ volunteers contributed 2,000+ hours

16 Talk Outline Project Goals NOCA ( ) MORA ( ) EBLA (2004) Importance of botanical surveys Future

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22 MORA Results Summary 1,000+ specimens added to MORA herbarium 66 previously undocumented species for Park 20 volunteers contributed 300+ hours

23 Combined Results for NOCA/MORA Unvisited areas yield new records Expect new species to as area covered

24 Talk Outline Project Goals NOCA ( ) MORA ( ) EBLA (2004) Importance of botanical surveys Future

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28 EBLA Results Summary 305 collections made 126 previously undocumented species for Reserve Documentation for 93% of Reserve flora 23 volunteers contributed 230 hours

29 Talk Outline UW Herbarium Project Goals NOCA ( ) MORA ( ) EBLA (2004) Importance of botanical surveys Future

30 Contributions of Surveys to NPS Operations Scientific documentation

31 Contributions of Surveys to NPS Operations Scientific documentation Expand knowledge base

32 Contributions of Surveys to NPS Operations Scientific documentation Expand knowledge base Conservation

33 Contributions of Surveys to NPS Operations Scientific documentation Expand knowledge base Conservation Invasive species management

34 Contributions of Surveys to NPS Operations Scientific documentation Expand knowledge base Conservation Invasive species management Baseline data

35 Contributions of Surveys to NPS Operations Scientific documentation Expand knowledge base Conservation Invasive species management Baseline data Citizen science

36 Talk Outline UW Herbarium Project Goals NOCA ( ) MORA ( ) EBLA (2004) Importance of botanical surveys Future

37 Future : 1 trip to NOCA each year Beyond 2009?

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40 FLORISTICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF VASCULAR PLANTS IN THE SAN JUANS

41 Project Background Floristic Results Biogeography Results Conservation Implications

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43 473 islands San Juan Archipelago Last glaciated ~ 12,000 years ago ~ 850 vascular plant species Lowland western WA forest and grassland habitat

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46 Project Goals Comprehensive botanical survey of small (< 30 ha) islands in San Juan Archipelago Quantify species distribution patterns Test general island biogeography hypotheses

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48 Methods Collect 1-2 specimens of all flowering/fruiting species on each island; deposit at UW Herbarium List all species on each island that are not collected Database all collections - make available online through UW Herbarium Web site

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51 Surveys Completed 76 Islands visited in 30 days 40+ participants 4,000+ specimens

52 Project Background Floristic Results Biogeography Results Conservation Implications

53 Floristics Summary 350 taxa collected 20+ new localities for state-listed taxa 1 previously undescribed species in genus Castilleja

54 Castilleja victoriae

55 Project Background Floristic Results Biogeography Results Conservation Implications

56 Species Richness by Origin Total Taxa 350 # Native 234 # Introduced 116 % Native 67 %Introduced 33

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58 Species Richness as a Function of Island Size Number of Species y = 12.46Ln(x) R 2 = y = 5.17Ln(x) R 2 = Island Area (hectares) 0 Native Introduced Log. (Native) Log. (Introduced)

59 Species Richness as a Function of Island Distance Number of species y = Ln(x) R 2 = Native Introduced Log. (Native) Log. (Introduced) 20 0 y = Ln(x) R 2 = Distance from Nearest Large Island (m)

60 Frequency Distribution of Native and Introduced Species Across 54 Islands in the San Juans Number of Species Native Introduced Number of Island Occurrences

61 Widely Distributed Species Natives Festuca rubra (50) Grindelia hirsutula (46) Rosa nutkana (39) Plantago maritima (36) Cerastium arvense (36) Camassia leichtlinii (36) Introduced Geranium molle (38) Bromus hordeaceus (36) Bromus diandrus (35) Aira praecox (35) Vulpia bromoides (34) Hypochaeris radicata (31)

62 Biogeography Summary Richness of native and introduced taxa affected by island size but not distance from mainland Richness of introduced taxa more comparable to native taxa on small islands Land use history strong determinant of floristic composition

63 Project Background Presentation Outline Floristic Results Biogeography Results Conservation Implications

64 Priority Concerns Small islands are important habitat for several rare taxa Introduced taxa have spread quickly over the last 200 years Development on larger islands could dampen rescue effect of native species on small islands

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66 Ongoing field projects Lecture Overview Ongoing herbarium-based informatics projects

67 Informatics Infrastructure PHP, Javascript, and MySQL allow for databasedriven, dynamic Web pages XML and information retrieval protocols allow for distributed database networks

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69 Web-based Floristics Work Statewide WA Flora Checklist Regional Pacific Northwest Herbaria portal Global Global Biodiversity Information Facility

70 Mapping Noxious Weeds/Invasive Plant Species Google Maps-based application Will incorporate legacy observation data from external sources Will allow users to upload data from field Provides land managers/owners comprehensive, contextual view of weed threats

71 Acknowledgements National Science Foundation U.S. Fish and Wildlife National Park Service WA Native Plant Society U.S. Bureau of Land Management UW Herbarium Endowment The Nature Conservancy San Juan County Land Bank WA State Parks and Recreation Padilla Bay Research Reserve Washington Department of Natural Resources Society for Ecological Restoration U.S. Forest Service

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73 Herbarium Collections and Invasive Species Biology: Understanding the Past, Present, and Future David Giblin, Ph.D. Ben Legler Richard G. Olmstead, Ph.D. University of Washington Herbarium - Burke Museum

74 Talk Outline Herbaria and Invasive Plant Research Inadequate Invasive Plant Collections Recent Invasives Data from WTU Digital Resources at WTU Conclusions and Future Needs

75 Specimen-based Research Marion Ownbey - Tragopogon

76 Specimen-based Research Marion Ownbey - Tragopogon Richard Mack - Bromus tectorum

77 Specimen-based Research Marion Ownbey - Tragopogon Richard Mack - Bromus tectorum Sarah Reichard - Invasive Ornamentals

78 Specimen-based Research Marion Ownbey - Tragopogon Richard Mack - Bromus tectorum Sarah Reichard - Invasive Ornamentals Peter Zika - Native/Exotic congeneric hybridization

79 Talk Outline Herbaria and Invasive Plant Research Inadequate Invasive Plant Collections Recent Invasives Data from WTU Digital Resources at WTU Conclusions and Future Needs

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81 # of Specimens (x 1000)

82 Collections Growth by Year at WTU Number of specimens Year

83 Collections Growth by Year at WTU Number of specimens Year Specimens of Introduced Species added to WTU Number of specimens Year

84 Spartina alterniflora - smooth cordgrass

85 Polygonum cuspidatum - Japanese knotweed

86 Buddleja davidii - butterfly bush

87 Talk Outline Herbaria and Invasive Plant Research Inadequate Invasive Plant Collections Recent Invasives Data from WTU Digital Resources at WTU Conclusions and Future Needs

88 Recent Findings Impatiens x pacifica (I. ecalcarata x I. capensis) in Western Washington Murdannia kiesak along Columbia River Geranium lucidum in Clark and Skagit counties

89 Murdannia keisak - wartremoving herb

90 Impatiens x pacifica (I. ecalcarata x I. capensis) - jewelweed

91 Geranium lucidum - shining geranium

92 Talk Outline Herbaria and Invasive Plant Research Inadequate Invasive Plant Collections Recent Invasives Data from WTU Digital Resources at WTU Conclusions and Future Needs

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95 Talk Outline Herbaria and Invasive Plant Research Inadequate Invasive Plant Collections Recent Invasives Data from WTU Digital Resources at WTU Conclusions and Future Needs

96 Conclusions and Future Needs Herbarium records invaluable Increase effort to collect invasives Deposit duplicates at regionally significant herbaria Increase funding for databasing invasives specimen Exploit emerging technologies for data sharing

97 Photo Acknowledgements Ben Legler Fred Weinmann Arne Andenberg

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99 Lecture Overview National Park Service project Invasive species collections San Juan Islands project

100 Priority Concerns Small islands are important habitat for several statelisted taxa Introduced taxa have spread quickly over the last 200 years Limit human impacts on small islands Development on larger islands could dampen rescue effect of native species on small islands

101 2007 Trips to Date Taneum Creek Canyon Padilla Bay Columbia River Coastal Washington