Practical applications of TIRF microscopy
|
|
- Timothy Davis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Practical applications of TIRF microscopy Evgeny Pryazhnikov University of Helsinki, Neuroscience Center
2 Functional and Morphological Plasticity of the Tripartite Synapse Vesicular release ATP Perisynaptic astrocyte ATP, ROS Presynaptic neuron KAR Ca 2+ Glu, Ca 2+ Ca 2+ Mitochondrial motility Ca 2+ (LTP/LTD) Cl - (inhib./excit.) KCC2 Postsynaptic neuron Perisynaptic astrocyte Morph. plasticity Membrane trafficking Presynaptic neuron: ROS on GABA release ATP/adenosine on glutamate release KAR modulation of glutamate release Postsynaptic neuron: KCC2 regulation and membrane trafficking Cl - -dependent inhibition/excitation KCC2 in dendritic spines ATP on P2 receptors Perisynaptic astrocyte: Vesicular release of ATP Morphological plasticity of fine processes Mitochondrial motility and Ca 2+ signaling ROS generation and release
3 Part I Vesicles: following exocytosis
4 Vesicles in cultured astrocytes Pryazhnikov and Khiroug, Glia, 2008
5 Docking event Combination I: TIRF + EPI Criteria of docking and fusion TIRF field Fusion event TIRF field Pryazhnikov and Khiroug, Glia, 2008
6 Examples of spontaneous docking and undocking undocking event docking event TIRF + EPI Pryazhnikov and Khiroug, unpublished
7 Tracking the directional vesicles Pryazhnikov and Khiroug, Glia, 2008
8 Vesicular ATP release from astrocytes control upon stimulation TIRF EPI TIRF EPI Pryazhnikov and Khiroug, Glia 2008
9 Combination II: TIRF + caged Ca 2+ photolysis EGTA o-nitrophenyl EGTA (NP-EGTA) Upon UV illumination, the Ca 2+ -NPEGTA complex is cleaved to yield free Ca 2+ and two iminodiacetic acid photoproducts. The affinity of the photoproducts for Ca 2+ is ~12,500-fold lower than that of NP-EGTA
10 Combination II: TIRF + caged Ca 2+ photolysis measure Ca 2+ with Fura-2 dye EPI imaging follow exocytosis with quinacrine TIRF imaging Pryazhnikov and Khiroug, Glia, 2008
11 Vesicle behavior near plasma membrane Jaiswal and Simon, Nature Chem Biology, 2007
12 Different modes of exocytosis Pryazhnikov and Khiroug, Glia, 2008
13 Combination III: TIRF and phluorin tagging. TIRF and insulin exocytosis. Different modes of kiss-and-run Tsuboi and Rutter, Biochem Soc Trans, 2003
14 Part II Translocation of organelles towards the plasma membrane
15 Why and how do mitochondria move? MitoTracker Green FM1-43 (membrane)
16 Mitochondrion Plasma membrane Laser beam 100 nm Glass cover slip Evanescent Field, d p ~150 nm
17 Can TIRF see mitochondria? Epi TIRF Evanescent field Glass cover slip In Epifluorescence, all mitochondria are visible irregardless of their vertical position. Under TIRF illumination, only those mitochondria that are within ~100 nm from plasma membrane are visible. Kolikova et al. (2006) BCB
18 TIRF reveals mitochondrial vertical motility Epi TIRF Evanescent field Glass cover slip In Epifluorescence, all mitochondria are visible irregardless of their vertical position. Under TIRF illumination, only those mitochondria that are within ~100 nm from plasma membrane are visible. Kolikova et al. (2006) BCB
19 Mitochondria move to plasma membrane TIRF Control solution Epi TIRF +Epi Kolikova et al. (2006) BCB
20 Mitochondria move to plasma membrane Glutamate (0.1 mm, 1 min) TIRF Epi TIRF +Epi Kolikova et al. (2006) BCB
21 Distance between mito and PM shortens? Glu Mito TIRF Mito Epi 10 % PM TIRF 60 s Plasma membrane Mitochondria Kolikova et al. (2006) BCB
22 Ca 2+ influx induced trapping of mitochondria near plasma membrane Resting conditions Under stimulation TIRF + Epi Kolikova et al., BCB 2006
23 Mitochondrion Microtubule Plasma membrane Ca 2+
24 ER and plasma membrane Luik et al., Journal of Cell Biology, 2006
25 Secretory organelles and microtubules in endothelial cells Manneville et al., Journal of Cell Science, 2003
26 Combination IV: TIRF and FRAP TIRFRAP FRAP = Fluorescent Recovery After Photobleaching TIRF
27 Combination IV: TIRF and FRAP TIRFRAP SAP97-EGFP (TIRF+Epi) Kv4.2-EGFP (TIRF+Epi) Pryazhnikov et al., submitted
28 Only for cultured cells
29 Conclusions TIRF is suitable for studying: - stages of exo- and endocytosis of secreting organelles - trafficking of molecules and organelles to and from the cellular plasma membrane - binding of ligands to their membrane-bound receptors - dynamic lateral rearrangement of molecules within biomembranes
30 Acknowledgments Neuroscience Center Leonard Khiroug Sergey Khiroug Julia Kolikova Research was supported by CIMO, Academy of Finland and Finnish Cultural Foundation
!"#$%&'%()*%+*,,%-&,./*%01%02%/*/3452*%3&.26%&4752*,,*1%%
!"#$%&'%()*%+*,,%-&,./*%01%02%/*/3452*%3&.26%&4752*,,*1%% !"#$%&'(")*++*%,*'-&'./%/,*#01#%-2)#3&)/% 4'(")*++*% % %5"0)%-2)#3&) %%% %67'2#72'*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4'(")0/./% % 8$+&'&,+"/7 % %,$&7&/9)7$*/0/%%%%%%%%%%
More informationWhat I do. (and what I want to do) Berton Earnshaw. March 1, Department of Mathematics, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
What I do (and what I want to do) Berton Earnshaw Department of Mathematics, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 March 1, 2008 Current projects What I do AMPA receptor trafficking Synaptic plasticity
More informationNeurophysiology. Danil Hammoudi.MD
Neurophysiology Danil Hammoudi.MD ACTION POTENTIAL An action potential is a wave of electrical discharge that travels along the membrane of a cell. Action potentials are an essential feature of animal
More information13-3. Synthesis-Secretory pathway: Sort lumenal proteins, Secrete proteins, Sort membrane proteins
13-3. Synthesis-Secretory pathway: Sort lumenal proteins, Secrete proteins, Sort membrane proteins Molecular sorting: specific budding, vesicular transport, fusion 1. Why is this important? A. Form and
More informationThe neuron as a secretory cell
The neuron as a secretory cell EXOCYTOSIS ENDOCYTOSIS The secretory pathway. Transport and sorting of proteins in the secretory pathway occur as they pass through the Golgi complex before reaching the
More informationCells. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Cells Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Microscopy Methods of histology: Treat the tissue with a preservative (e.g. formaldehyde). Dissect the region of interest. Embed
More informationNervous Tissue. Neurons Electrochemical Gradient Propagation & Transduction Neurotransmitters Temporal & Spatial Summation
Nervous Tissue Neurons Electrochemical Gradient Propagation & Transduction Neurotransmitters Temporal & Spatial Summation What is the function of nervous tissue? Maintain homeostasis & respond to stimuli
More informationImportance of Protein sorting. A clue from plastid development
Importance of Protein sorting Cell organization depend on sorting proteins to their right destination. Cell functions depend on sorting proteins to their right destination. Examples: A. Energy production
More informationDISCOVERIES OF MACHINERY REGULATING VESICLE TRAFFIC, A MAJOR TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN OUR CELLS. Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013
DISCOVERIES OF MACHINERY REGULATING VESICLE TRAFFIC, A MAJOR TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN OUR CELLS Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2013 Daniela Scalet 6/12/2013 The Nobel Prize in Medicine
More informationProtein Sorting, Intracellular Trafficking, and Vesicular Transport
Protein Sorting, Intracellular Trafficking, and Vesicular Transport Noemi Polgar, Ph.D. Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology Email: polgar@hawaii.edu Phone: 692-1422 Outline Part 1- Trafficking
More informationR7.3 Receptor Kinetics
Chapter 7 9/30/04 R7.3 Receptor Kinetics Professional Reference Shelf Just as enzymes are fundamental to life, so is the living cell s ability to receive and process signals from beyond the cell membrane.
More informationNervous Tissue. Neurons Neural communication Nervous Systems
Nervous Tissue Neurons Neural communication Nervous Systems What is the function of nervous tissue? Maintain homeostasis & respond to stimuli Sense & transmit information rapidly, to specific cells and
More informationNEURONS Excitable cells Therefore, have a RMP Synapse = chemical communication site between neurons, from pre-synaptic release to postsynaptic
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY NOTES L1 WHAT IS NEUROPHYSIOLOGY? NEURONS Excitable cells Therefore, have a RMP Synapse = chemical communication site between neurons, from pre-synaptic release to postsynaptic receptor
More informationCellular Neuroanatomy II The Prototypical Neuron: Neurites. Reading: BCP Chapter 2
Cellular Neuroanatomy II The Prototypical Neuron: Neurites Reading: BCP Chapter 2 Major Internal Features of a Neuron The neuron is the functional unit of the nervous system. A typical neuron has a soma
More informationBiosciences in the 21st century
Biosciences in the 21st century Lecture 1: Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Dr. Michael Burger Outline: 1. Why neuroscience? 2. The neuron 3. Action potentials 4. Synapses 5. Organization of the nervous
More informationChapter 9. Nerve Signals and Homeostasis
Chapter 9 Nerve Signals and Homeostasis A neuron is a specialized nerve cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system. Neural signaling communication by neurons is the process by which an animal
More informationNeurons, Synapses, and Signaling
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
More informationReconstructing Mitochondrial Evolution?? Morphological Diversity. Mitochondrial Diversity??? What is your definition of a mitochondrion??
Reconstructing Mitochondrial Evolution?? What is your definition of a mitochondrion?? Morphological Diversity Mitochondria as we all know them: Suprarenal gland Liver cell Plasma cell Adrenal cortex Mitochondrial
More informationAdvanced Higher Biology. Unit 1- Cells and Proteins 2c) Membrane Proteins
Advanced Higher Biology Unit 1- Cells and Proteins 2c) Membrane Proteins Membrane Structure Phospholipid bilayer Transmembrane protein Integral protein Movement of Molecules Across Membranes Phospholipid
More informationBIOLOGY. 1. Overview of Neurons 11/3/2014. Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling. Communication in Neurons
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION 48 Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick 1. Overview of Neurons Communication
More informationMEMBRANE POTENTIALS AND ACTION POTENTIALS:
University of Jordan Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology & Biochemistry Medical students, 2017/2018 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Review: Membrane physiology
More informationNeurite formation & neuronal polarization. The cytoskeletal components of neurons have characteristic distributions and associations
Mechanisms of neuronal migration & Neurite formation & neuronal polarization Paul Letourneau letou001@umn.edu Chapter 16; The Cytoskeleton; Molecular Biology of the Cell, Alberts et al. 1 The cytoskeletal
More informationModule 2: Foundations in biology
alevelbiology.co.uk Module 2: Foundations in biology SPECIFICATION 2.1.1 Cell structure Learners should be able to demonstrate and apply their knowledge and understanding of: (a) The use of microscopy
More informationCellular Transport. 1. Transport to and across the membrane 1a. Transport of small molecules and ions 1b. Transport of proteins
Transport Processes Cellular Transport 1. Transport to and across the membrane 1a. Transport of small molecules and ions 1b. Transport of proteins 2. Vesicular transport 3. Transport through the nuclear
More informationChapter 6: A Tour of the Cell
AP Biology Reading Guide Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Name Period Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Concept 6.1 To study cells, biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry
More informationMath in systems neuroscience. Quan Wen
Math in systems neuroscience Quan Wen Human brain is perhaps the most complex subject in the universe 1 kg brain 10 11 neurons 180,000 km nerve fiber 10 15 synapses 10 18 synaptic proteins Multiscale
More informationNerve Signal Conduction. Resting Potential Action Potential Conduction of Action Potentials
Nerve Signal Conduction Resting Potential Action Potential Conduction of Action Potentials Resting Potential Resting neurons are always prepared to send a nerve signal. Neuron possesses potential energy
More informationNeurite initiation. Neurite formation begins with a bud that sprouts from the cell body. One or several neurites can sprout at a time.
Neurite initiation. Neuronal maturation initiation f-actin polarization and maturation tubulin stage 1: "spherical" neuron stage 2: neurons extend several neurites stage 3: one neurite accelerates its
More informationNervous Systems: Neuron Structure and Function
Nervous Systems: Neuron Structure and Function Integration An animal needs to function like a coherent organism, not like a loose collection of cells. Integration = refers to processes such as summation
More informationDendrites - receives information from other neuron cells - input receivers.
The Nerve Tissue Neuron - the nerve cell Dendrites - receives information from other neuron cells - input receivers. Cell body - includes usual parts of the organelles of a cell (nucleus, mitochondria)
More informationNeuroscience 201A Exam Key, October 7, 2014
Neuroscience 201A Exam Key, October 7, 2014 Question #1 7.5 pts Consider a spherical neuron with a diameter of 20 µm and a resting potential of -70 mv. If the net negativity on the inside of the cell (all
More informationAS Biology Summer Work 2015
AS Biology Summer Work 2015 You will be following the OCR Biology A course and in preparation for this you are required to do the following for September 2015: Activity to complete Date done Purchased
More informationNEURON SYNAPSE BY QUANTUM MECHANICS
NEURON SYNAPSE BY QUANTUM MECHANICS THOMAS PREVENSLIK QED Radiations Discovery Bay, Hong Kong Email: qedradiation@gmail.com ABSTRACT Mainstream theory of neurons is based on chemical signaling by neurotransmitters
More informationNeurons. The Molecular Basis of their Electrical Excitability
Neurons The Molecular Basis of their Electrical Excitability Viva La Complexity! Consider, The human brain contains >10 11 neurons! Each neuron makes 10 3 (average) synaptic contacts on up to 10 3 other
More informationGuided Reading Activities
Name Period Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell Guided Reading Activities Big Idea: Introduction to the Cell Answer the following questions as you read Modules 4.1 4.4: 1. A(n) uses a beam of light to illuminate
More informationChapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Concept 48.1 Neuron organization and structure reflect function in information transfer Neurons are nerve cells that transfer information within the body Neurons
More informationQuantum stochasticity and neuronal computations
Institute for Clinical Neuroanatomy Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie J.-W. Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main Quantum stochasticity and neuronal computations Peter Jedlička, MD Definition A stochastic
More information[Source: Knox, et al., Biology, Mcgraw Hill, Sydney, 1994, page 65]
1. A study was carried out to determine the relationship between the diameter of a molecule and its movement through a membrane. The graph below shows the results of the study. High Relative ability to
More informationInformation processing. Divisions of nervous system. Neuron structure and function Synapse. Neurons, synapses, and signaling 11/3/2017
Neurons, synapses, and signaling Chapter 48 Information processing Divisions of nervous system Central nervous system (CNS) Brain and a nerve cord Integration center Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Nerves
More informationNeurite formation & neuronal polarization
Neurite formation & neuronal polarization Paul Letourneau letou001@umn.edu Chapter 16; The Cytoskeleton; Molecular Biology of the Cell, Alberts et al. 1 An immature neuron in cell culture first sprouts
More informationMITOHEALTH Nordic Centre of Excellence Workshop in: Mitochondrial function and metabolic diseases
MITOHEALTH Nordic Centre of Excellence Workshop in: Mitochondrial function and metabolic diseases Quantitative multi-parameter microscopy of mitochondrial function in living cells Werner J.H. Koopman,
More informationBulk Transport. Active Transport. cell drinking. Highly specific! cell eating
Bulk Transport cell eating cell drinking Active Transport Highly specific! Bulk transport is the active intracellular membrane transport of large numbers of solute particles or a large volume of solution
More informationNeurons, Synapses, and Signaling
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 37 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION
More informationPhysiology Unit 2. MEMBRANE POTENTIALS and SYNAPSES
Physiology Unit 2 MEMBRANE POTENTIALS and SYNAPSES Neuron Communication Neurons are stimulated by receptors on dendrites and cell bodies (soma) Ligand gated ion channels GPCR s Neurons stimulate cells
More informationNeurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Eighth Edition Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp and Janette Lewis Copyright
More informationLecture 6 - Intracellular compartments and transport I
01.26.11 Lecture 6 - Intracellular compartments and transport I Intracellular transport and compartments 1. Protein sorting: How proteins get to their appropriate destinations within the cell 2. Vesicular
More informationThe Neuron - F. Fig. 45.3
excite.org(anism): Electrical Signaling The Neuron - F. Fig. 45.3 Today s lecture we ll use clickers Review today 11:30-1:00 in 2242 HJ Patterson Electrical signals Dendrites: graded post-synaptic potentials
More informationOpen Syntaxin Docks Synaptic Vesicles
Marc Hammarlund 1,2[, Mark T. Palfreyman 1,2[, Shigeki Watanabe 1,2[, Shawn Olsen 1,2, Erik M. Jorgensen 1,2* PLoS BIOLOGY 1 Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
More informationGolgi Apparatus. BIOLOGY 1408 Chapter 4 : Tour of the cell part II 9/28/15
BIOLOGY 1408 Chapter 4 : Tour of the cell part II Golgi Apparatus n The Golgi apparatus functions in conjunction with the ER by modifying products of the ER Products travel in transport vesicles from the
More informationCh 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties, Part 1
Developed by John Gallagher, MS, DVM Ch 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties, Part 1 Objectives: Describe the Cells of the NS Explain the creation and propagation of an electrical signal in a nerve
More informationThe Cell. What is a cell?
The Cell What is a cell? The Cell What is a cell? Structure which makes up living organisms. The Cell Theory l All living things are composed of cells. l Cells are the basic unit of life. l Cells come
More informationNeurons: Cellular and Network Properties HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY POWERPOINT
POWERPOINT LECTURE SLIDE PRESENTATION by LYNN CIALDELLA, MA, MBA, The University of Texas at Austin Additional text by J Padilla exclusively for physiology at ECC UNIT 2 8 Neurons: PART A Cellular and
More informationBIOLOGY 11/10/2016. Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling. Concept 48.1: Neuron organization and structure reflect function in information transfer
48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Concept 48.1: Neuron organization
More informationNeurons and Nervous Systems
34 Neurons and Nervous Systems Concept 34.1 Nervous Systems Consist of Neurons and Glia Nervous systems have two categories of cells: Neurons, or nerve cells, are excitable they generate and transmit electrical
More informationThis script will produce a series of pulses of amplitude 40 na, duration 1ms, recurring every 50 ms.
9.16 Problem Set #4 In the final problem set you will combine the pieces of knowledge gained in the previous assignments to build a full-blown model of a plastic synapse. You will investigate the effects
More informationChapter 12: Intracellular sorting
Chapter 12: Intracellular sorting Principles of intracellular sorting Principles of intracellular sorting Cells have many distinct compartments (What are they? What do they do?) Specific mechanisms are
More informationSupplementary Figure 1.
Supplementary Figure 1. Characterisation of IHG-1 overexpressing and knockdown cell lines. (A) Total cellular RNA was prepared from HeLa cells stably overexpressing IHG-1 or mts-ihg-1. IHG-1 mrna was quantified
More informationCELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH. 9 - TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANES.
!! www.clutchprep.com K + K + K + K + CELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CONCEPT: PRINCIPLES OF TRANSMEMBRANE TRANSPORT Membranes and Gradients Cells must be able to communicate across their membrane barriers to materials
More informationIdentifying cells using Immunofluorscence Rachel Scalzo Bio-300, 001 Professor Bentley 9/24/2014
Identifying cells using Immunofluorscence Rachel Scalzo Bio-300, 001 Professor Bentley 9/24/2014 2 Abstract In this experiment, we used immunofluorescence to isolate certain organelles and see where they
More informationBiology, 7e (Campbell) Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell
Biology, 7e (Campbell) Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Chapter Questions 1) What limits the resolving power of a light microscope? A) the type of lens used to magnify the object under study B) the shortest
More informationCellular Transportation & Respiration
Cellular Transportation & Respiration Passive Transport A cell membrane is semiperamble, which means that it allows only certain substances to enter or leave a cell. Passive transport is the movement of
More information37 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 37 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge Overview: Lines of Communication
More informationb) What is the gradient at room temperature? Du = J/molK * 298 K * ln (1/1000) = kj/mol
Chem350 Practice Problems Membranes 1. a) What is the chemical potential generated by the movement of glucose by passive diffusion established by a 1000 fold concentration gradient at physiological temperature?
More informationDr. Ketki Assistant Professor Department of Biochemistry Heritage IMS, Varanasi
TRANSPORT MECHANISMS Dr. Ketki Assistant Professor Department of Biochemistry Heritage IMS, Varanasi Membrane selectivity allows adjustments of cell composition and function If plasma membrane is relatively
More informationBMB Class 17, November 30, Single Molecule Biophysics (II)
BMB 178 2018 Class 17, November 30, 2018 15. Single Molecule Biophysics (II) New Advances in Single Molecule Techniques Atomic Force Microscopy Single Molecule Manipulation - optical traps and tweezers
More informationMolecular Cell Biology 5068 In Class Exam 1 September 30, Please print your name:
Molecular Cell Biology 5068 In Class Exam 1 September 30, 2014 Exam Number: Please print your name: Instructions: Please write only on these pages, in the spaces allotted and not on the back. Write your
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which body fluid compartment contains high levels of K +, large anions, and proteins?
More informationThe Ultrastructure of Cells (1.2) IB Diploma Biology
The Ultrastructure of Cells (1.2) IB Diploma Biology Explain why cells with different functions have different structures. Cells have different organelles depending on the primary function of the cell
More informationNervous System Organization
The Nervous System Chapter 44 Nervous System Organization All animals must be able to respond to environmental stimuli -Sensory receptors = Detect stimulus -Motor effectors = Respond to it -The nervous
More informationCHAPTER 3. Cell Structure and Genetic Control. Chapter 3 Outline
CHAPTER 3 Cell Structure and Genetic Control Chapter 3 Outline Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm and Its Organelles Cell Nucleus and Gene Expression Protein Synthesis and Secretion DNA Synthesis and Cell Division
More information122-Biology Guide-5thPass 12/06/14. Topic 1 An overview of the topic
Topic 1 http://bioichiban.blogspot.com Cellular Functions 1.1 The eukaryotic cell* An overview of the topic Key idea 1: Cell Organelles Key idea 2: Plasma Membrane Key idea 3: Transport Across Membrane
More informationChapter 6: A Tour of the Cell
Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell 1. The study of cells has been limited by their small size, and so they were not seen and described until 1665, when Robert Hooke first looked at dead cells from an oak tree.
More informationOrganization of the nervous system. Tortora & Grabowski Principles of Anatomy & Physiology; Page 388, Figure 12.2
Nervous system Organization of the nervous system Tortora & Grabowski Principles of Anatomy & Physiology; Page 388, Figure 12.2 Autonomic and somatic efferent pathways Reflex arc - a neural pathway that
More informationCellular Neuroanatomy I The Prototypical Neuron: Soma. Reading: BCP Chapter 2
Cellular Neuroanatomy I The Prototypical Neuron: Soma Reading: BCP Chapter 2 Functional Unit of the Nervous System The functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron. Neurons are cells specialized
More informationChapter 1. DNA is made from the building blocks adenine, guanine, cytosine, and. Answer: d
Chapter 1 1. Matching Questions DNA is made from the building blocks adenine, guanine, cytosine, and. Answer: d 2. Matching Questions : Unbranched polymer that, when folded into its three-dimensional shape,
More informationCIE Biology A-level Topic 15: Control and coordination
CIE Biology A-level Topic 15: Control and coordination Notes Neuron structure The nerve cells called neurones play an important role in coordinating communication within the nervous system. The structure
More informationIntroduction to cells
Almen Cellebiologi Introduction to cells 1. Unity and diversity of cells 2. Microscopes and visualization of cells 3. Prokaryotic cells, eubacteria and archaea 4. Eucaryotic cells, nucleus, mitochondria
More information3.1 Cell Theory. KEY CONCEPT Cells are the Basic unit of life.
3.1 Cell Theory KEY CONCEPT Cells are the Basic unit of life. 3.1 Cell Theory The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Many scientists contributed to
More informationFREEMAN MEDIA INTEGRATION GUIDE Chapter 7: Inside the Cell
FREEMAN MEDIA INTEGRATION GUIDE Chapter 7: Inside the Cell All media is on the Instructors Resource CD/DVD JPEG Resources Figures, Photos, and Tables PowerPoint Resources Chapter Outline with Figures Lecture
More informationUnder the Radar Screen: How Bugs Trick Our Immune Defenses
Under the Radar Screen: How Bugs Trick Our Immune Defenses Session 2: Phagocytosis Marie-Eve Paquet and Gijsbert Grotenbreg Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research Salmonella Gram negative bacteria
More informationMEMBRANE STRUCTURE. Lecture 9. Biology Department Concordia University. Dr. S. Azam BIOL 266/
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE Lecture 9 BIOL 266/4 2014-15 Dr. S. Azam Biology Department Concordia University RED BLOOD CELL MEMBRANE PROTEINS The Dynamic Nature of the Plasma Membrane SEM of human erythrocytes
More informationChapter 4 Active Reading Guide A Tour of the Cell
Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Chapter 4 Active Reading Guide A Tour of the Cell Section 1 1. The study of cells has been limited by their small size, and so they were not seen and described until 1665, when
More informationNeurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions
More informationSynaptic Transmission Neuroscience 201A Peter Sargent
Synaptic Transmission Neuroscience 201A Peter Sargent 1. Electrical vs. Chemical Synaptic Transmission 2. Characteristics of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels 3. Transmitter Release 4. Transmitter Release Statistics
More informationSTEIN IN-TERM EXAM -- BIOLOGY FEBRUARY 12, PAGE 1 of 7
STEIN IN-TERM EXAM -- BIOLOGY 3058 -- FEBRUARY 12, 2009 -- PAGE 1 of 7 There are 25 questions in this Biology 3058 exam. All questions are "A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H" questions worth one point each. There
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2647 Figure S1 Other Rab GTPases do not co-localize with the ER. a, Cos-7 cells cotransfected with an ER luminal marker (either KDEL-venus or mch-kdel) and mch-tagged human Rab5 (mch-rab5,
More informationWake Acceleration Academy - Biology Note Guide Unit 3: Cell Structures and Functions
Wake Acceleration Academy - Biology Note Guide Unit 3: Cell Structures and Functions Extra Resources Website: http://waa-science.weebly.com Module 1: Overview of Cell Structures and Functions Vocabulary
More informationAn evanescent approach for mitochondrial function assay of living cells
Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine 1 (2005) 286 292 www.nanomedjournal.com An evanescent approach for mitochondrial function assay of living cells De-Ming Yang, PhD, a,b, 4Chien-Chang
More informationEukaryotic microorganisms and viruses
Eukaryotic microorganisms and viruses 2 1 Heribert Cypionka What is the main difference between the prokaryotic and the eukaryotic cell? Compartimentation >> Separation of reaction rooms >> More complex
More informationChapter 2 Cells and Cell Division. Chapter 2 Human Heredity by Michael Cummings 2006 Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning
Chapter 2 Cells and Cell Division Cells The basic functional units of all living things Human cells vary widely but all have similar basic structure Cells vary widely in morphology Neuron Hair cell http://umech.mit.edu/hearing/intro/big/hccomp.000.gif
More informationPROPERTY OF ELSEVIER SAMPLE CONTENT - NOT FINAL. The Nervous System and Muscle
The Nervous System and Muscle SECTION 2 2-1 Nernst Potential 2-2 Resting Membrane Potential 2-3 Axonal Action Potential 2-4 Neurons 2-5 Axonal Conduction 2-6 Morphology of Synapses 2-7 Chemical Synaptic
More informationExam: Introduction to Cells and Cell Function
Name: Date: Exam: Introduction to Cells and Cell Function Georgia Performance Standard SB1: Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells. 1. What
More informationNervous System Organization
The Nervous System Nervous System Organization Receptors respond to stimuli Sensory receptors detect the stimulus Motor effectors respond to stimulus Nervous system divisions Central nervous system Command
More informationZimmerman AP Biology CBHS South Name Chapter 7&8 Guided Reading Assignment 1) What is resolving power and why is it important in biology?
Zimmerman AP Biology CBHS South Name Chapter 7&8 Guided Reading Assignment 1) What is resolving power and why is it important in biology? 2) How does an electron microscope work and what is the difference
More informationBiology. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure 10/29/2013. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Biology Biology 1of 49 2of 49 Eukaryotic Cell Structures Eukaryotic Cell Structures Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as organelles. Cell biologists
More informationNeurochemistry 1. Nervous system is made of neurons & glia, as well as other cells. Santiago Ramon y Cajal Nobel Prize 1906
Neurochemistry 1 Nervous system is made of neurons & glia, as well as other cells. Santiago Ramon y Cajal Nobel Prize 1906 How Many Neurons Do We Have? The human brain contains ~86 billion neurons and
More informationBiology September 2015 Exam One FORM G KEY
Biology 251 17 September 2015 Exam One FORM G KEY PRINT YOUR NAME AND ID NUMBER in the space that is provided on the answer sheet, and then blacken the letter boxes below the corresponding letters of your
More informationBiology September 2015 Exam One FORM W KEY
Biology 251 17 September 2015 Exam One FORM W KEY PRINT YOUR NAME AND ID NUMBER in the space that is provided on the answer sheet, and then blacken the letter boxes below the corresponding letters of your
More informationChapter 4. The Cell in Action. Review Game
Chapter 4 The Cell in Action Review Game 1 Photosynthesis Why do cells go through photosynthesis? A: To make. 1 Photosynthesis Why do cells go through photosynthesis? A: To make FOOD. 2 The Cell The life
More informationComponents of a functional cell. Boundary-membrane Cytoplasm: Cytosol (soluble components) & particulates DNA-information Ribosomes-protein synthesis
Cell (Outline) - Components of a functional cell - Major Events in the History of Earth: abiotic and biotic phases; anaerobic and aerobic atmosphere - Prokaryotic cells impact on the biosphere - Origin
More information