AP Bio. Enduring Understanding 2.A: Growth, reproduction and maintenance of the organization of living systems require free energy and matter.

Transcription

1 Biology Essential Question: How do the structures of organisms enable life s functions? AP Bio. Enduring Understanding 3.B: Expression of genetic information involves cellular and molecular mechanisms. (see 3.B.1) Bio Explain how instructions in DNA lead to cell differentiation and result in cells specialized to perform specific functions in multicellular organisms. 6B/H1;5B/H6b;5C/H2b; Bio Explain how enzymes act as catalysts for biological reactions. 5C/H9 Bio Explain how homeostasis is maintained in a cell and within an organism in various environments (including: temperature and ph). 5C/H7(HS-LS1-3) Bio Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of their general structures (plasma membrane and genetic material) and degree of complexity. 5C/H1 Bio Compare the structures and functions of the major biological molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) as related to the survival of living organisms. 4D/H8; 5C/H4; 5F/H4. Bio Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis.6c/h3abd (HS-LS1-4) Bio Summarize the relationship among DNA, proteins, and amino acids in carrying out the work of cells and how this is similar among all organisms. 5C/H3(HS-LS1-1) AP Bio. Enduring Understanding 2.A: Growth, reproduction and maintenance of the organization of living systems require free energy and matter. Bio Analyze photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of how energy is stored, released, and transferred within and between these processes in the cell. Bio Explain the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction and genetic variation. Bio Explain how DNA and RNA code for proteins and determine traits. 5C/H4 (HS-LS1-1) Bio Summarize the structure and function of organelles in eukaryotic cells (including: the nucleus, plasma membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and ribosomes) and ways that these organelles interact with each other and to perform the function of the cell.5c/h1,2 Grades 9-12 How do systems of specialized cells within organisms help them perform the essential functions of life?ls1a Systems of specialized cells within organisms help them perform the essential functions of life, which involve chemical reactions that take place between different types of molecules, such as water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. All cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA molecules. Genes are regions in the DNA that contain the instructions that code for the formation of proteins, which carry out most of the work of cells. They form important structural components of the cell and provide energy. The essential functions of a cell involve chemical reactions that take place between many different types of molecules, including water, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins, and are facilitated by enzymes. Enzymes, which are proteins, are responsible for facilitating life processes. The breakdown of complex molecules, the release and capture of energy in new chemical forms, and the synthesis of new biomolecules are all carried out by proteins. Proteins function as hormones and neurotransmitters. They serve as signaling devices and are involved in regulating the activities of the cells. Many factors influence an enzyme s activity and its ability to regulate chemical reactions for life s functions. The types and concentrations of molecules within cells are regulated. The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell. Feedback mechanisms maintain a living system s internal conditions within certain limits (e.g., temperature, molecular concentration, ph), allowing it to remain alive and functional even as external conditions are changing. Feedback mechanisms can encourage (positive feedback) or discourage (negative feedback) what is going on inside the living system. How is genetic information transmitted between parent and offspring after fertilization?ls1b In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. As successive subdivisions of an embryo s cells occur, programmed genetic instructions and small differences in their immediate environments activate or inactivate different genes, which cause the cells to develop differently a process called differentiation. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism. In sexual reproduction, a specialized type of cell division called meiosis occurs that results in the production of sex cells, such as gametes in animals (sperm and eggs), which contain only one member from each chromosome pair in the parent cell. How do organisms obtain and use the matter and energy they need to live and grow?ls1c The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen. The sugar molecules thus formed contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; their hydrocarbon backbones are used to make amino acids and other carbon-based molecules that can be assembled into larger molecules (such as proteins or DNA), used for example to form new cells. As matter and energy flow through different organizational levels of living systems, chemical elements are recombined in different ways to form different products. As a result of these chemical reactions, energy is transferred from one system of interacting molecules to another. For example, aerobic (in the presence of oxygen) cellular respiration is a chemical process in which the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and new compounds are formed that can transport energy to muscles. Anaerobic (without oxygen) cellular respiration follows a different and less efficient chemical pathway to provide energy in cells. Cellular respiration also releases the energy needed to maintain body temperature despite ongoing energy loss to the surrounding environment. Matter and energy are conserved in each change. This is true of all biological systems, from individual cells to ecosystems. How do organisms detect, process, and use information about the environment?ls1d In complex animals, the brain is divided into several distinct regions and circuits, each of which primarily serves dedicated functions, such as visual perception, auditory perception, interpretation of perceptual information, guidance of motor movement, and decision making about actions to take in the event of certain inputs. In addition, some circuits give rise to emotions and memories that motivate organisms to seek rewards, avoid punishments, develop fears, or form attachments to members of their own species and, in some cases, to individuals of other species (e.g., mixed herds of mammals, mixed flocks of birds). The integrated functioning of all parts of the brain is important for successful interpretation of inputs and generation of behaviors in response to them.

2 6-8 Essential Question: How do structures of organisms enable life s functions? 7.L.1.4. Summarize the general functions of the major systems of the human body (digestion, respiration, reproduction, circulation, and excretion) and ways that these systems interact with each other to sustain life. 6C/M3 HS-LS1-2 7.L.1.1.Compare the structures and life functions of single-celled organisms that carry out all of the basic functions of life including: (Euglena. Amoeba. Paramecium. Volvox. 5C/M3) 6.L.1.2.Explain the significance of the processes of photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration to the survival of green plants and other organisms. 5A/M2;5A/M2 To Biology 8.L.1.1 Summarize the basic characteristics of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites relating to the spread, treatment and prevention of disease. 7.L.1.3. Summarize the hierarchical organization of multicellular organisms from cells to tissues to organs to systems to organisms.5c/1 7.L.2.1 Explain why offspring that result from sexual reproduction (fertilization and meiosis) have greater variation than offspring that result from asexual reproduction (budding and mitosis). 5B/M1,2,3 7.L.1.2.Compare the structures and functions of plant and animal cells, including major organelles (cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and vacuoles).5c/m1 6.L.1.1 Summarize the basic structures and functions of flowering plants required for survival, reproduction and defense. 5A/M1;5A/M2;5C/M1a,b;5C/M2a,5C/M3a;5C/M4 Grades 6-8 How do cells within organisms help them perform the essential functions of life?ls1a All living things are made up of cells, which is the smallest unit that can be said to be alive. An organism may consist of one single cell (unicellular) or many different numbers and types of cells (multicellular). Unicellular organisms (microorganisms), like multicellular organisms, need food, water, a way to dispose of waste, and an environment in which they can live. Special structures within cells are responsible for various functions (e.g., mitochondria in plants and animals extract energy from food, and chloroplasts in plants use light to make food). The cell membrane forms the boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell. These include the molecules needed to carry out life functions. Micro-organisms consist of a single cell. Like multicellular organisms, microorganisms need food, water, and air, a way to dispose of waste, and an environment they can live in. In multicellular organisms, the body is a system of multiple interacting subsystems. These subsystems are groups of cells that work together to form tissues or organs that are specialized for particular body functions. (Boundary: At this grade level, only a few major cell structures should be introduced.) How do different organisms grow, develop and continue their type (species)? LS1B Organisms reproduce, either sexually or asexually, and transfer their genetic information to their offspring. Animals engage in characteristic behaviors that increase the odds of reproduction. Plants reproduce in a variety of ways, sometimes depending on animal behavior and specialized features (such as attractively colored flowers) for reproduction. Plant growth can continue throughout the plant s life through production of plant matter in photosynthesis. Genetic factors as well as local conditions affect the size of the adult plant. The growth of an animal is controlled by genetic factors, food intake, and interactions with other organisms, and each species has a typical adult size range. (Boundary: Reproduction is not treated in any detail here; for more specifics about grade level, see LS3.A.) How do organisms obtain and use the matter and energy they need to live and grow?ls1c Plants, algae (including phytoplankton), and many microorganisms use the energy from light to make sugars (food) from carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water through the process of photosynthesis, which also releases oxygen. These sugars can be used immediately or stored for growth or later use. Animals obtain food from eating plants or eating other animals. Within individual organisms, food moves through a series of chemical reactions in which it is broken down and rearranged to form new molecules, to support growth, or to release energy. For the body to use food for energy and building materials, the food must first be digested into molecules that are absorbed and transported to cells. In order to release the energy stored in food, oxygen must be supplied to cells and carbon dioxide removed. Lungs take in oxygen for the combustion of food, and they eliminate the carbon dioxide produced. The circulatory system moves all these substances to or from cells where they are needed or produced. The way in which all cells function is similar in all living organisms. Within cells many of the basic functions of organisms, such as releasing energy from food and getting rid of waste, are carried out by different cell elements. In plants and animals, molecules from food react with oxygen to provide energy that is needed to carry out life functions, build and become incorporated into the body structure, or is stored for later use. Matter moves within individual organisms through a series of chemical reactions in which food is broken down and rearranged to form new molecules. Plants use the energy from light to make sugars (food) from carbon dioxide and water. This process transforms light energy from the sun into stored chemical energy. Minerals and other nutrients from the soil are not food (they don t provide energy), but they are needed for plants to make complex molecules from the sugar they make. How do organisms detect, process, and use information about the environment?ls1d Each sense receptor responds to different inputs (electromagnetic, mechanical, chemical), transmitting them as signals that travel along nerve cells to the brain. The signals are then processed in the brain, resulting in immediate behaviors or memories. Changes in the structure and functioning of many millions of interconnected nerve cells allow combined inputs to be stored as memories for long periods of time.

3 3-5 Essential Question: How do structures of organisms enable life s functions? To 6.L L.2.1 Classify substances as food or non-food items based on their ability to provide energy and materials for survival, growth and repair of the body. 6E/E1a (5E/2) 3.L.1.2. Explain why skin is necessary for protection and for the body to remain healthy.6c/e3 5.L.1.2 Compare the major systems of the human body (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, muscular, skeletal, cardiovascular) as it relates to their functions necessary for life. 6C/E1,2 5.L.1.1 Explain why some organisms are capable of surviving as a single cell while others require many cells that are specialized to survive. 5C/E1,E2bc 4.L.2.2 Explain the role of vitamins, minerals and exercise in maintaining a healthy body. 6E/E1b 4.L.1.2 Explain how animals meet their needs by using behaviors in response to information received from the environment. 6C/E4 3.L.1.1 Compare the different functions of the skeletal and muscular system. 5C/E2bc Grades 3 5 How do organisms use their structures to grow, survive and reproduce?ls1a The internal and external structures of plants and animals serve various functions in growth, survival, and reproduction. Plants and animals have both internal and external structures that serve various functions in growth, survival, behavior, and reproduction. (Boundary: Stress at this grade level is on understanding the macroscale systems and their function, not microscopic processes.) AAAS: Some living things consist of a single cell. Like familiar organisms, they need food, water, and air; a way to dispose of waste; and an environment they can live in. 5C/E1Some organisms are made of a collection of similar cells that benefit from cooperating. Some organisms' cells vary greatly in appearance and perform very different roles in the organism. 5C/E2bcSkin keeps the body from drying out and protects it from harmful substances and germs. 6C/E3 How do different organisms develop?ls1b Reproduction is essential to the continued existence of every kind of organism. Plants and animals have unique and diverse life cycles that include being born (sprouting in plants), growing, developing into adults, reproducing, and eventually dying. How do organisms get the matter and energy they need from what they get from the environment?ls1c People and other animals take in the oxygen they need to live by breathing. Animals and plants alike generally need to take in air and water, animals must take in food, and plants need light and minerals; anaerobic life, such as bacteria in the gut, functions without air. Food provides animals with the materials they need for body repair and growth and is digested (and burned) to release the energy they need to maintain body warmth and for motion. Plants acquire their material for growth chiefly from air and water and process matter they have formed to maintain their internal conditions (e.g., at night).aaas: 6C/E1, The indigestible parts of food are eliminated. 6C/E1b How do organisms detect, process, and use information about the environment? LS1 D Different sense receptors are specialized for particular kinds of information, which may then be processed and integrated by an animal s brain, with some information stored as memories. Animals are able to use their perceptions and memories to guide their actions. Some responses to information are instinctive that is, animals brains are organized so that they do not have to think about how to respond to certain stimuli. AAAS: Human beings have made tools and machines to sense and do things that they could not otherwise sense or do at all, as quickly, or as well. 6A/E2* Microscopes make it possible to see that living things are made mostly of cells. 5C/E2aThe brain gets signals from all parts of the body telling it what is going on there. The brain also sends signals to parts of the body to influence what they do. 6C/E4*

4 K-2 Essential Question: How do structures of organisms enable life s functions? To 3.L.2.1 Grades K 2 2.L.1.1 Summarize the life cycle of animals including: birth, developing into an adult, reproducing, aging and death. 6C/P1,2,3 1.L.2.1 Summarize the basic needs of a variety of different plants (including air, water, nutrients, and light) for energy and growth. 5C/P2 1.L.1.1 Recognize that plants and animals need air, water, light (plants only), space, food and shelter and that these may be found in their environment.6a/2; 5C/P2; 5D/P2 2.L.1.2 Compare life cycles of other animals such as, but not limited to, mealworms, ladybugs, crickets, guppies or frogs. 6C/P1,2,3 1.L.2.2 Summarize the basic needs of a variety of different animals (including air, water, and food) for energy and growth. 5C/P2, 6A/P2 Supporting Objective K.L.1.2 Most things are made of parts. 11A/1 How do living things meet their basic needs? LS1 A All organisms have external parts. Different animals use their body parts in different ways to see, hear, grasp objects, protect themselves, move from place to place, and seek, find, and take in food, water and air. Plants also have different parts (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits) that help them survive, grow, and produce more plants. AAAS: People have different external features, such as the size, shape, and color of hair, skin, and eyes, but they are more like one another than like other animals. 6A/P1The human body has parts that help it seek, find, and take in food when it feels hunger eyes and a nose for detecting food, legs to get to it, arms to carry it away, and a mouth to eat it. 6C/P1 How do living things grow and develop?ls1b Plants and animals have predictable characteristics at different stages of development. Plants and animals grow and change. Adult plants and animals can have young. In many kinds of animals, parents and the offspring themselves engage in behaviors that help the offspring to survive. How do living things get and use what they need to live and grow? LS1 C All living things grow, reproduce, and respond to their environment. All animals need food in order to live and grow. They obtain their food from plants or from other animals. Plants need water and light to live and grow. AAAS: People need water, food, air, waste removal, and a particular range of temperatures in their environment, just as other animals do. 6A/P2 How do organisms detect, process, and use information about the environment?ls1 D Animals have body parts that capture and convey different kinds of information needed for growth and survival for example, eyes for light, ears for sounds, and skin for temperature or touch. Animals respond to these inputs with behaviors that help them survive (e.g., find food, run from a predator). Plants also respond to some external inputs (e.g., turn leaves toward the sun). AAAS: Senses can warn individuals about danger; muscles help them to fight, hide, or get out of danger. 6C/P2 The brain enables human beings to think and sends messages to other body parts to help them work properly. 6C/P3 K.L.1.2 Compare characteristics of living and nonliving things in terms of their: Structure. Growth. Changes. Movement. Basic needs. 6A/P1,2;6C/P1; 5C/P2 Supporting Objective K.L.1.2 Magnifiers help people see things they could not see without them. 5C/1 Basic needs and the human organism Basic functions and the human organism Structures and the human organism

5 *References: National Research Council. (2012). A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. Committee on a Conceptual Framework for New K-12 Science Education Standards. Board on Science Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

6 Cell Functions AP Biology Enduring Understanding 2A Growth, reproduction and maintaining the organization of living systems require energy and matter. (1) 2.A.2 Organisms capture and store free energy for biological processes. (2) 2.A.1 All living systems require energy. (3) 2.A.3 Organisms must exchange matter with the environment to grow, reproduce, and maintain organization. 1. During aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen gas is consumed at the same rate as carbon dioxide gas is produced. In order to provide accurate volumetric measurements of oxygen gas consumption, the experimental setup should include which of the following? (A) A substance that removes carbon dioxide gas (B) A plant to produce oxygen (C) A glucose reserve (D) A valve to release excess water 2. Which of the following statements most directly supports the claim that different species of organisms use different metabolic strategies to meet their energy requirements for growth, reproduction, and homeostasis? (A) During cold periods pond-dwelling animals can increase the number of unsaturated fatty acids in their cell membranes while some plants make antifreeze proteins to prevent ice crystal formation in tissues. (B) Bacteria lack introns while many eukaryotic genes contain many of these intervening sequences. (C) Carnivores have more teeth that are specialized for ripping food while herbivores have more teeth that are specialized for grinding food. (D) Plants generally use starch molecules for storage while animals use glycogen and fats for storage 3. The chemical reaction for photosynthesis is: 6 CO H 2O + light energy C 6H 12O O 2+ 6 H 2O If the input water is labeled with a radioactive isotope of oxygen, 18 O, then the oxygen gas released as the reaction proceeds is also labeled with 18 O. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? (A) During the light reactions of photosynthesis, water is split, the hydrogen atoms combine with the CO 2, and oxygen gas is released. (B) During the light reactions of photosynthesis, water is split, removing electrons and protons, and oxygen gas is released. (C) During the Calvin cycle, water is split, regenerating NADPH from NADP +, and oxygen gas is released. (D) During the Calvin cycle, water is split, the hydrogen atoms are added to intermediates of sugar synthesis, and oxygen gas is released Bio.1.1 Understand the relationship between the structures and functions of cells and their organelles. Bio Constructed Response: Explain how many of the cells in an individual can be very different from one another in terms of structure and function, even though they are descended from a single cell and thus have essentially identical genetic instructions Nerve cells and bone cells are specialized cells that descend from the same single cell (fertilized egg). Which statement best explains how each type of cell results in a different structure with a specialized function? a. Nerve cells and bone cells begin with the same structure; however, bone cells harden over time. b. Nerve cells and bone cells receive different DNA that determines the structure and function that each will perform. c. Nerve cells and bone cells receive the same DNA; however, only specific parts of the DNA are activated in each cell. d. Nerve cells and bone cells receive the same DNA; however, bone cells receive more to make the protective outer covering. Bio.4.1 Understand how biological molecules are essential to the survival of living organisms. Bio How do enzymes speed up biological chemical reactions? a. Enzymes increase the energy required for a reaction to occur. b. Enzymes decrease the energy required for a reaction to occur. c. Enzymes have no affect on the energy required for a reaction to occur. d. Enzymes maintain the energy needed for a reaction to occur. Bio.4.2 Analyze the relationships between biochemical processes and energy use in the cell. Bio How does the process of photosynthesis in plants provide energy for animals? a. The water and carbon dioxide used in photosynthesis are converted into glucose and ATP for animals. b. The glucose and ATP used in photosynthesis are converted into water and carbon dioxide for animals. c. The glucose and carbon dioxide used in photosynthesis are converted into proteins for animals. d. The oxygen and glucose produced through photosynthesis are converted into lipids for animals.

7 Cell Functions Bio.3.2 Understand how the environment, and/or the interaction of alleles, influences the expression of genetic traits. Bio Why is the process of meiosis important to sexual reproduction? a. It provides genetic variation in offspring. b. It doubles the number of chromosomes in offspring. c. It reduces the number of alleles from parent to offspring. d. It produces a hybrid of all genetic traits in offspring. Bio A student placed an onion root tip sample (Side A) into a liquid solution (Side B). The diagram below shows the same type of molecule on side A and side B. Over time, what is the likely result? Explain your choice. Bio.1.2 Analyze the cell as a living system. Bio A student observes a typical onion root tip where many of the cells have just successfully completed mitosis. Which statement best explains what must have happened to result in cells that only have half as many chromosomes as all of the other cells in the same section of the tip? a. The parent cell completed mitosis after undergoing interphase. b. The parent cell completed mitosis after undergoing cytokinesis. c. The parent cell completed mitosis before undergoing cytokinesis. d. The parent cell completed mitosis before undergoing interphase. Bio.4.1 Understand how biological molecules are essential to the survival of living organisms. Bio How does the DNA code become a protein? a. DNA mrna trna amino acid protein a. DNA trna mrna amino acid protein b. DNA mrna amino acid trna protein c. DNA amino acid mrna trna protein a. More molecules will be on Side B than Side A. b. More molecules will be on Side A than Side B. c. Equal number of molecules will be on Side A & B. d. All of the molecules will move towards the membrane.

8 Cell Functions Bio.3.1 Explain how traits are determined by the structure and function of DNA. Bio This chart represents amino acids that are coded from different combinations of mrna codons. Bio.4.1 Understand how biological molecules are essential to the survival of living organisms. Bio Why would a distance runner consume carbohydrates instead of proteins before a race? a. Carbohydrates provide insulation for heat. b. Carbohydrates provide structure for tissues. c. Carbohydrates provide genetic material for muscle cells. d. Carbohydrates provide energy for endurance. Bio.1.1 Understand the relationship between the structures and functions of cells and their organelles. Bio Bio A student observed a sample of pond water A runner is competing in a 10 km track meet and and saw that the organisms had different just before completing the race, the runner is types of structures. Which observation can nearly out of breath and the energy needed to be used to distinguish between eukaryotic finish the race. Which cell structure is most and prokaryotic organisms in the sample? affected by this lack of energy? a. the presence of chlorophyll inside a a. nucleus structure b. ribosome b. the absence of cytoplasm inside the cell c. mitochondrion c. the presence of ribosomes inside the d. plasma membrane cell d. the presence of a membrane around the structures Which amino acid sequence can be coded from the DNA sequence CAG TAG CGA? a. Valine Isoleucine Glycine b. Valine Aspartic Acid Alanine c. Valine Isoleucine Alanine d. Valine Phenylalanine Alanine (NGSS:HS-LS1-1) PE HS-LS1-1.Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells. [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include identification of specific cell or tissue types, whole body systems, specific protein structures and functions, or the biochemistry of protein synthesis.

9 8.L.1 Understand the hazards caused by agents of diseases that affect living organisms. 8.L L.1 Understand the processes, structures and functions of living organisms that enable them to survive, reproduce and carry out the basic functions of life. 7.L L.1.4 HS-LS1-2 Which of the following is organized from simplest to How do the lungs function within the excretory most complex? system? a. cells->organs->organ systems->tissues->the a. the lungs exchange oxygen and carbon organism monoxide b. cells->tissues->organs->organ systems- b. the lungs absorb carbon dioxide from >the organism* the air c. the organism->organ systems->organs- c. the lungs help to release carbon dioxide >tissues->cells while absorbing nutrients d. tissues->cells->organs->organ systems->the d. the lungs exchange oxygen and organism carbon dioxide and release waste products in cells.* 7.L.2 Understand the relationship of the mechanisms of cellular reproduction, patterns of inheritance and external factors to potential variation among offspring. 7.L.2.1 Which best explains why sexual reproduction produces greater variations in the offspring? a. The DNA come from two genetically different parents.* b. The DNA comes from one parent that is genetically identical. c. The sex cells are produced by mitosis. d. The sex cells undergo self fertilization.

10 7.L.1 Understand the processes, structures and functions of living organisms that enable them to survive, reproduce and carry out the basic functions of life. 6.L.1 Understand the structures, processes and behaviors of plants that enable them to survive and 7.L L.1.1 Which characteristic do volvox and euglena share? a. They both have eye spots. b. The both use flagella to move.* c. They both have eye spots and use flagella to move. d. They have neither eye spots nor flagella. 6.L.1.2 Photosynthesis is a vital process to the survival of plants and other organisms. Which best describes the significance of photosynthesis to the survival of green plants? a. It provides protection from cold weather. b. It provides plant matter for growth. c. It provides oxygen for humans. d. It provides carbon dioxide for other plants. Photosynthesis is a vital process to the survival of plants and other organisms. Which best describes the significance of photosynthesis to the survival of other organisms? 6.L.1.1 Plants reproduce in a variety of ways, sometimes depending on other organisms for survival. Which best describes how flowers help some plants survive? a. Flowers make food. b. Flowers provide heat. c. Flowers absorb water from the air to aid with photosynthesis. d. Flowers attract birds and insects to aid with reproduction.. e. It provides protection from cold weather. f. It provides plant matter for growth. g. It provides oxygen for animals. h. It provides carbon dioxide for other plants.

11

12

13

14 1.L.1 Understand characteristics of various environments and behaviors of humans that enable plants and animals to survive. 1.L.1.1 K.L.1 Compare characteristics of animals that make them alike and different from other animals and nonliving things. (5A/P1) K.L.1.2 The pictures below represent an owl, a butterfly and a statue of an owl. What do the owl and butterfly have in common and how are they different? How is a living owl similar to the statue and how are they different? Living Owl Living Butterfly Statue of Owl