., 2 10 % 25 %, 75 % 90 % CHIN ESE JOURNAL OF APPL IED ECOLO GY,J un. 2000,11 (3) kg hm - 2.

Transcription

1 CHIN ESE JOURNAL OF APPL IED ECOLO GY,J un. 2000,11 (3) (,100094) 2,.,,.,: 2 P 2 O kg hm - 2,P 2 O kg hm - 2. ( P 2 O 5 ) : kg hm - 2, kg hm Dynamics of soil P pool in a long2term fertilizing experiment of wheat2maize rotation. Crop yield effect of fertiliz2 er P and dynamics of soil total P and inorganic P. L IU Jianling and ZHAN G Fusuo ( China A gricultural U niversity, Beijing ). 2Chin. J. A ppl. Ecol.,2000,11 (3) : The effects of long2term applying fertilizer P and manure on the pools of soil total P and inorganic P and the crop yield in rotation of winter wheat2summer maize spring maize were studied. The results showed that the pool of soil total P and inorganic P were increased by applying fertilizer P and manure, and the phosphorus mostly accumulated in soil was inorganic P. The critical amounts of fertilizer P ( P 2 O 5 ) for balancing soil P were kg hm - 2 to winter wheat2sum2 mer maize and kg hm - 2 to spring maize. Based on regression equations, the application rates of fertilizer P (P 2 O 5 ) for economic optimum and highest yields were and kg hm - 2 to winter wheat2summer maize, and and kg hm - 2 to spring maize, respectively. Key words Effect of fertilizer P, Changes of soil phosphorus pool, Long2term experiment, Rotation of winter wheat2 spring maize spring maize. 1,, 10 % 25 %, 75 % 90 % [5,11 ]..,, [2 ],, [3,12 ]. 0 40cm Olsen2P [9 ]. [6 9 ]., 2,,., 2,, ,,11 12, mm, 2002mm, d., mm hm 2, ,1984, , ( , ) , 2, 3 ( ) (397141). 3 3,: ,

2 3 : Table 1 Physico2chemical properties of tested soil Total2N (g kg - 1 ) O. M. (g kg - 1 ) Total2P Total2Pi Olsen2P Avail2K Alkali2N Basic soil tested in kg hm - 2 (M) ( F) : 9, 3 3, FN 0 P 0 FN 1 P 0 FN 2 P 0 FN 0 P 1 FN 1 P 1 FN 2 P 1 FN 0 P 2 FN 1 P 2 FN 2 P 2 MN 0 P 0 MN 1 P 0 MN 2 P 0 MN 0 P 1 MN 1 P 1 MN 2 P 1 MN 0 P 2 MN 1 P 2 MN 2 P 2 18, m 2. N 0 N 1 N 2 N : kg hm - 2 (N 42 %), P 0 P 1 P 2 P 2 O 5 : kg hm - 2 (:,, ) ; M () : 7500kg hm - 2 (47. 5 %,, %, N %,P 2 O %, K 2 O %). 40 %,,, / 4, / 2, cm, , 2.,. 12 FN 0 P 1 FN 0 P 0, % %, 1kg P 2 O kg. FN 1 P 1 FN 1 P 0, % kg. FN 1 P 1 1,, FN 1 P 1,1kg P 2 O %,1kg P 2 O 5 2 ( ) Table 2 Yield responses of wheat and maize to N and P fertilizer( average yield during ) ( kg hm - 2 ) F 1) Treat2 ments Winter Summer Spring Winter Summer Spring wheat maize maize wheat maize maize N 0 P N 1 P N 2 P N 0 P N 1 P N 2 P N 0 P N 1 P N 2 P ) Applied N and P fertilizer,2) + Applied N and P,and manure fertilizer. M 2) kg., 2,,,,. 2,,,, N 1 N % %,. 7500kg hm - 2 ( ) : (MN 0 P 0 ) ( FN 0 P 0 ), % %. MN 1 P 1 MN 1 P % 9. 7 %.,. 7500kg hm - 2, P 2 O kg hm - 2.,7500kg hm - 2,,.,,7500kg hm - 2, ,12 ( ,5 2 ) 3 4.,. P 2 O kg hm - 2,. 12 ( ), :, 2. 6 % 6. 8 % ( P 2 O kg hm kg hm - 2 ).,,, P 2 O kg hm - 2., 2,, %( 4). ( P 2 O 5 ) 67. 5kg hm - 2 ( P 1 ),,

3 Table 3 Balance of soil P in difference crop rotation from 1985 to 1996 Year 1) Models P Input P P Total output P ( P 2 O 5 ) ( + ) ( - ) 3) ( Input P2Output P) / Input P 100 ( %) F F F F F F Average M ) M M M M M Average ) F 1 : 2 : 2The rotation of wheat2wheat applied N and P fertilizer ; F 2 : 2 2 : 2 The rotation of wheat2summer maize spring wheat applied N and P fertilizer ;M 1 : 2 : 2The rotation of wheat2wheat applied manure ;M 2 : 2 2 : 2 The rotation of wheat2summer maize spring wheat applied manure. The same below. 2) 67. 5kg hm - 2 P 2 O 5 ( P 2 O 5 kg hm - 2 ) Total P 2 O 5 for applied 67. 5kg hm - 2 P 2 O 5 and manure. 3) ( ) % :, Surplus (loss) % : Positive number for surplus,negative number for loss. 4 2 Table 4 Status of taking in by wheat2summer maize and spring maize from 1985 to 1996 Years Model P( P 2 O 5,kg hm - 2 ) Total output P 2P( %) WC P/ total output P P( %) SC P/ total output P F F F F F F Average M M M M M M Average Table 5 Changes of total soil P and inorganic P from 1985 to 1996 Treat2 ments P 1) P 2) Applied P Intake P 3) Balance P Total2P Total2Pi N 1 P N 1 P N 1 P MN 1 P MN 1 P MN 1 P N 0 P N 0 P N 0 P MN 0 P MN 0 P MN 0 P ) 12 P ( P) Total P applied for 12 years,2) 12 ( P) Total P intaked for 12 years,3) 12 2 Total P applied2total P intaked for 12 years % ( P 2 O kg hm - 2 )., 2,,, P 2 O kg hm - 2, 94. 8kg hm - 2.,,, ( P 1 ) % %, %.,, ( P 2 O 5 ) kg hm - 2, 51. 5kg hm - 2. FN 0 P 1 FN 0 P 2 FN 1 P 2 FN 2 P 2, % %, % ( 4 5),. FN 1 P 1 FN 2 P 1,, 67. 5kg hm - 2,135kg hm

4 3 : , 5, ( FN 1 P 0 ),,,12, kg hm - 2 ( P), 0 20cm kg hm - 2, 92. 3mg kg - 1, 73. 1mg kg - 1,0 20cm %, 0 20cm, 20cm. FN 1 P 1,, %.,, 0 20cm ( mg kg - 1 ), 0 20cm, [2 ]. FN 0 P 1 FN 0 P 2 FN 1 P 2 FN 2 P 2, % %, %, % %, % mg kg mg kg - 1. (7500kg hm - 2. a - 1, P 2 O kg hm - 2 ), % %, % % %, % mg kg mg kg - 1., 2, N 1 P 1 ( N 135kg hm - 2, P 2 O kg hm - 2 ),.,, % %, %., % ,, 2 : 2 : Y w = N P N P N P ( F = ) : Y m = N P N P N P( F = 6. 3),,,, R = 0, [1,4 ].,,,,,. 2,, ( 6), 2, kg hm - 2., kg hm - 2 ;, kg hm - 2 ; kg hm - 2.,, ;,.,,0.,,,,,. R = 0. 5, kg hm Table 6 Rational amount of P fertilizer to wheat summer maize and spring maize Crops R N P 2 O 5 2 1) Winter wheat Summer maize ) Spring maize ) Pyw = 1. 5yuan kg - 1, Pym = 1. 0yuan kg - 1,P N = 4. 0yuan kg - 1,P P = 4. 0yuan kg - 1 ;1) Total N and P applied for winter wheat and summer maize ;2) = P 1 Critical P = P intaked by crops under P 1 level

5 364 11, , 2P 2 O kg hm - 2, kg hm - 2 ;,51. 5kg hm - 2, : kg hm ,,..,,. 1 Chen L2Sh ( ),Li R2G( ) The Principle and Prac2 tice of Applying Fertilizer on Cropland. Beijing : Agriculture Press. (in 2 Chen X( ), Yu W2T ( ), Shen Sh2M ( ) Changes of soil phosphorus pool under low2input phosphorus fertiliza2 tion system. Soil available phosphorus and the composition of soil in2 organic phosphorus. Acta Pedol Sin ( ), 34 (1) : (in 3 Gu Y2C ( ), Qin Sh2W ( ) The availability of phosphorus and transformation of residual phosphorus in meadow soil in Long2term experiment. Soil J (),1 :13 17 (in 4 Li R2G( ) Function of the yield response of crops to fer2 tilizer. Beijing :Agriculture Press. (in 5 Lu R2K( ),Shi Zh2Y( ), Gu Y2C( ) The studies on residual phosphorus in soil. The accumulated recovery of phosphorus fertilizer. Soil J (),27 (6) : (in 6 Mckenzie RH, Stewart J WB, Dormaar J F and Schaalje GB Long2term crop rotation and fertilizer effcets on phosphorus transfor2 mations in a chernozmic soil. Can J Soil Sci,72 : Rao AN,Subba RK,Reddy KS, Takkar PN Residual effects of phosphorus applied to soybean or wheat in a soybean2wheat cropping system on a typic haplustert. J A gric Sci,127 : Rubaek GH and Sibbesen E Soil phosphorus dynamics in a long2 term field experiment at Askov. Biol Fertil Soils,20 : Schwab AP and Kulyingong S Changes in phosphate activities and availability indexes with depth after 40 years of fertilization. Soil Sci,147 (3) : Sharpley AN and Smith SJ Fractionation of inorganic and organ2 ic phosphorus in virgin and cultivated soils. Soil Sci Soc A m J,49 : Shi Zh2Y( ),Lu R2K( ), Gu Y2C( ) The studies on residual phosphorus in soil. The yield response of crop to high2input fertilizer at one time. Soil J (),27 (2) :57 59 (in Chi2 nese) 12 Yao B2G( ), Yao L2Zh ( ) Long2term experimen2 tal study on components and changes of phosphorus in fluvo2agric soil of Tianjin suburbs. Acta Pedol Sin ( ),34 (3) : (in,,1962,,,, 15. E2mail bd2user. he. cninfo. net 2000 (1990 ).,,,,. ( ).,., (BA) (CA) ( EA) (CBST) ( P ) ( ),.,1992, , 16,160, 18, , ( ), 8298., 30 %. : : (024) ,E2mail syb. ac. cn