Effect of a contraceptive compound ( EP21) on fertility of female Brandtπs voles, gray hamsters and mid2day gerbils 3

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Prudence Wilson
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1 50 (3) :34-347, 2004 A cta Zoologica S inica , , ( : EP2), 6 %,, 3 d 40 % - 50 %, ; 3,, EP2,, ( 2-3 ) [ 50 (3) : , 2004 ] Effect of a contraceptive compound ( EP2) on fertility of female Brandtπs voles, gray hamsters and mid2day gerbils 3 ZHAN G Zhi2Bin 33, L IAO Li2Fu 2, WAN G Shu2Qing, CAO Xiao2Ping, WAN G Fu2Sheng, WAN G Cheng 2, ZHAN G Jian2Xu, WAN Xin2Rong, ZHON G Wen2Qin. Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 00080, China 2. Xinjiang Center of Experimental Animals, Wulumuqi , China Abstract We tested the effect of contraceptive compound of levonorgestrel and quinestrol (coded as EP2) on the fertility of female Brandtπs voles, gray hamster and mid2day gerbils. Although less palatable (6 % intake of control baits), repro2 duction of female Brandtπs voles in the laboratory was significantly prohibited by this contraceptive ; the time of littering was delayed about 3 days longer and the proportion of littering females was reduced to 40 % - 50 %. Two2dose baiting was better than one2dose baiting in reducing fertility of voles. The proportions of littering females and the numbers of littering of gray hamsters and mid2day gerbils were also significantly reduced by this contraceptive within 3 months after animals were given two2dose baiting in laboratory. The effect of this contraceptive on gray hamsters was better than on mid2day gerbils. The contraceptive caused some mortality in mid2day gerbils. This contraceptive showed promise for fertility con2 trol of wild rodents. Two2dose baiting or one2dose satiation baiting are recommended for further tests in the field [ Acta Zoologica Sinica 50 (3) : , 2004 ]. Key words Rodent, Fertility control, Levonorgestrel, Quinestrol,,,,,, , (No. KSCX22203, KSCX22SW203) (No. FS ) [ This research was funded by the grants from The Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KSCX22203, KSCX22SW203) and The Biding Program of Ministry of Science and Technology (No. FS ) ] 33 (Corresponding author). ν 2004 Acta Zoologica Sinica E2mail :

2 , 0 mg/ kg ,, 5-0 g, / 0 / 2,, () 0 mg, EP2 ( = 6 3, ),,,, 500 g, / 5,,,,, ( ),, (2) ( Marsh and, Howard, 973 ;, 996, 2000 ; 4L 0D, 996), 20 8 (652,, 07 g) 8 (462 7 g) : A Y202 ( 32 ( 22propyhyloxy) estra2, 3, 5 8 ( (0 ) 2trien 7 2ol ), BDH03 ( g) ; 8 (44 74 g) ) 232 (Quinestrol, QUN) ( t ( Triethylenelamine, TEM), P > 005) , 232 ( Mestranol, MES) 2 2chloro2 0 g/ / d, hydrin, U5897) ( SC220775), 2 d ( Diethylstilbestrol, DES),,, 2 d, ( Furadantin ), ( Colchincine ),, ( Testosterone), ( Met hyltestosterone), ( U00A ), ( Gossypol acetic acid), 32 2, 22 ( 2Fluo2 rohydrin), ( Ethinyl estradiol) 2,,, Epilock R 2 ) Glyzophro R ( ) 2 ( Ericsson, 982) (, EP2,,, 000 g,, 997a, b ;, 200 ;, / 0,, 200 ;, 2003 ;, 2003 ; ( ), Zhang and Zhang, 2003), (2), ( : EP2 ) ( M icrot us brandti) ( Cricet ul us migratorius ) 20 9 (676 ( Meriones meridianus ), 92 g) 9 ( g) 9 ( g) (3) 2, () 0 mg 4L 0D, 9 ( g) ( t, P > 005) ,,, g/,

3 3 : 343, ,,, 08 mg/ kg, ( ) 2 d, (3) 4 25, 2 d 2,, ( ), (3) , , 3 () 50 mg : EP2,,, 000 g, / 2,, () ( ), (2) (2) 0 ( g), 0 ( g) 4L 0D, 0 (697 4 g) 20 0 (608 0 ( g) 4 g) 0 (60 36 g) ( t = 388, P = 084) ( t 0 (68 06 = 425, P = 073) g) 0 ( g) ,, ( t, P > 005) , 20 g/, 6, 3 d,, 3 d, t, 2 2 ; 5, Pearson Chi2Square ; 5, (3) 6 29, Fisher 2,, : () 08 7 g, 2 2 d 26 6 g mg/ kg (2) g 2 ( t, P < 005),, 5L / 5 9D, 20 0 ( g) 0 ( g) 0 ( , 76 g) 0 ( g) 7 6 ( t = 0766, P = 0453) ( t = 0647, P = 0526) ,, 5 (3) d 39 2 d 7 6 g, 2 2 d ( ) d, d 429 % (3/ 7), 8 27 ( n

4 = 3) (2 ) 5 (2 ) 6 8, ( t, P > 005) d, d 857 % (6/ 7), P = 070) 52 7 ( n = 6) 24 ( t, P >, 005), ( EP2) ( EP2), ( Fisher, P = 0266) g/ d ( n = 2), 50 3 g/ d / ( n = 3) ( P > 005) 2 2 ( ), ( Pearson Chi2Square, X 2 = , 5438, df =, P = 0020) d, 276 d ( ) 27 d 667 % (6/ 9), Table Testing difference of proportion ( P l ) of littering be ( n = 6) 7 tween control and treatment groups by using 2 2 cross table (2 ) 9 (2 ) 20 2 (2 by pooling experiment, 2 and 3 ), d, 244 d 3 d 778 % (7/ 9), 84 2 ( 3 n = 7), ( P > 005) ; ( t ( ),, P < 005), 3 d 24 4 d, d ( t = 326, df = 5 g/ d, g/ d ( n = 4), ( n = 7) 47 g/ d, 2 36 ( t = 0246, df = 20, P = 080) 2 g/ d 2 ( 2), ( P < 005), 2 ( Pearson Chi2Square, 2 = 603, df = ( P > 005), P = 003) (2 ) 29, , d, d 40 % 7 37 d 270 (4/ 0), 45 2 ( n = 4) 4 d 20 % (2/ 0), (2 ) , ( 2 ) , 200 5, (8/ 0), 6 26 ( n = 8), ( Fisher, d, d ( t = 2364, df = 32, P = 0024) ; Littering Non2littering d, d 80 % Total Treatment % % 3 Total % Significant difference. 20, P = 0200) ; ( n = 2) ;, 2 P l

5 3 : , d, d Table 3 Differences among reproductive pairs and number of 80 % (8/ 0), littering of gray hamsters and mid2day gerbils between treat2 ment and control groups ( n = 8) ( P > 005) ; ( t = 020, df = 8, P = 0846) ( Fisher, df =, P = 0070) Gray hamster Treatment ( ) 0 Table 2 Testing difference of proportion of littering ( P l ) be tween control and treatment groups by using 2 2 cross table by pooling experiment and 3 Littering Non2littering Total P l Treatment % % 33 Total % 33 Significant difference ( 3 4), , 5 0 3, ( 4, 2, 43 d, d 4/ 8 = 50 %, ), 23, 9 ( ( n = 4) 39 %), 33 2 ( n = 7) (3 ) , , 8 ( 4, 2 3, ;, 3 2, ), 85, 27 ( 38 %), ( n = 8) (7 ) 43 d, d 70 % (8 ), (7/ 0), ( n = 7) ( t = 096, df = 23, P ( P > 005) ; = 096) 2 3 ( t = 0660, df = 9, P = 0526), 2, 4 ; 2 3 ( Fisher 6 9 3, EP2 3, df =, P = 0069) Frequency of number Reproductive Species Group Pairs of littering pairs Mid2day gerbils Treatment , , 4 3, Table 4 Differences of total litters, total young of gray hamsters and mid2day gerbils between treatment and control groups Species Group Gray hamster Treatment Mid2day gerbils Treatment 3 P < 005 Significant difference. ns P > 005 Non2significant difference. Total litters ( %) Total young Total survival Survival Litter size ns ns

6 ( 3 4),, 8 5, 9 2, ( 4 2, ), 30, 8 ( 60 %),, 33 7 ( n = 8) 0 ( 0, 5 ( 5 ), 2, 5 ), 72,,, MES, DES 28 ( 389 %), 48 :, 7 ( n = 5) (9 ), ; (5 ),, ( t = 2099, df = 22, P = 0047) :, 6 3 ; 2 3 ; 4 5 6, EP2 3, 3,, ( 6 %, ),,, d 40 % - 50 %,, EP2 ( Cricet ul us ( ) barabensis) ( Phodopus sungorus) ( ), ( ),, ( ),,, 2 3 ( 5 d ),,,, ( References),,,,, ( 2-3 ) / 5,,,, ( ),,, 5-20,,, 3,,, ( ), ( ), Ericsson RJ, 982. Alpha2chlorohydrin ( Epibloc) : a toxicant2 sterilant as an alternative in rodent control. In : Marsh RE ed. Proc. of Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference. Danver : NWRC 6-9. Gao Y, 996. The advance of chemosterilants. Journal of China Pest Biology and Management 6 : ( In Chinese). Liao L F, Lin W, Zhang ZB, Wang C, 200. Effect of alpha2chlorohy2 drinon male gray hamsters. Chinese Journal of Zoology 36 ( 2) : ( In Chinese). Marsh RE, Howard WE, 973. Prospects of chemosterilants and ge2 netic control of rodents. Bull. WHO 48 : Zhang JJ, Liang H, Zhang ZB, Influence of sterilization on odor selection of Brandtπs vole. Acta Theriologica Sinica 23 ( 3 ) : ( In Chinese). Zhang J, Zhang Z, Influence of operational sex ratio and density on the copulatory behavior and mating system of Brandtπs vole Mi2 crot us brandti. Acta Theriologica 48 (3) : Zhang JJ, Zhang ZB, Impact of increasing mating partners on so2 cial behavior of Brandtπs voles. Acta Zool. Sin. 49 ( 4) : ( In Chinese). Zhang ZB, 996. The techniques and strategies of fertility control in ro2 dents. In : Wang ZW, Zhang ZB ed. Theory and Practice of Ro2 dent Pest Management. Beijing : Science Press, ( In Chinese). Zhang ZB, Wang SQ, Hao SS, Wang FS, Cao XP, 997a. Effect of 2 chlorohydrin on male laboratory rat. Acta Zool. Sin. 43 ( 2 ) :

7 3 : ( In Chinese). Zhang ZB, Wang SQ, Hao SS, Wang FS, Cao XP, 997b. Effect of 2 chlorohydrin on male ratlike hamsters. Acta Theriologica Sinica 7 (3) : ( In Chinese). Zhang ZB, Advance of immuno2contraception in vertebrate pest management. Acta Theriologica Sinica 20 ( 2) : ( In Chinese). Zhang ZB, Zhang J X, Wang FS, Wang YQ, Cao XP, 200. Effect of sterilization and killing on reproduction and population abundance of rat2like hamsters in enclosures. Acta Zool. Sin. 47 ( 3 ) : ( In Chinese)., 996..,,,,,, : ,,,, :, ,,, (3) : ,,,,, 997b (2) : ,,,,, 997a (3) : , (2) : (3) : (2) : ,, , :, 49 (4) :

, Sokolov et al., 1980)

, Sokolov et al., 1980) 48 (3) :415 419, 2002 A cta Zoologica S inica 3 33 (, 100080) (headspace),, ( M ustela vision) 5, 1 : 102 (C 5 H 10 S) 2 : 104 (C 5 H 12 S) 3 : 102 (C 5 H 10 S) 4 : 136 (C 5 H 12 S 2 ) 5 : 134 (C 5 H 10